Ib chav twg, txawm hais tias nws lub hom phiaj, tsis tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj hluav taws xob, kev teeb tsa uas cuam tshuam nrog ntau lub keyboards thiab lub qhov (socket). Txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho cov kab mob), cov kab mob sib kis), cov kab mob sib kis tau raug siv los ua cov kab sib txuas. Ntxiv mus, cov cabling yog nqa ncaj qha mus rau qhov chaw uas lub chandelier, lub qhov (socket) los yog hloov mus txuas.
hom phiaj thiab tsim
Los ntawm cov ntaub thaiv npog (nrog lub ntsuas hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau dhau lossis luv luv tiv thaiv hluav taws xob tiv thaiv hluav taws xob hauv nws), ib qho kev sib cais tsis tau muab tso rau txhua tus neeg siv hluav taws xob hauv chav tsev (chav tsev, chaw ua haujlwm, khw, thiab lwm yam). Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los muab cov ceg ntawm cov xov hlau, cov thawv sib txuas tau teeb tsa.
Tus qauv tsim, cov khoom zoo li no muaj lub cev thiab npog. Ntawm lub cev (nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj), cov cuab yeej thev naus laus zis feem ntau yog muab rau cov tswv yim ntawm cov xov hlau thiab cov khoom siv rau kev txuas ntxiv tom ntej. Lub hau yog txuas nrog rau rooj plaub uas siv tus kheej tapping screws, screws lossis tshwj xeeb latches.
Ntau yam
Raws li qhov chaw teeb tsa, txhua lub thawv hluav taws xob txuas hluav taws xob tau muab faib ua ob chav loj:
- khoom hauv tsev;
- rau siv sab nraum zoov.
Raws li txoj kev sib txuas ntawm cov xov hlau sab hauv, cov khoom zoo li no tau muab faib ua:
- boxes yam tsis muaj kev sib txuas ntxiv hauv;
- nrog cov clips built-in, screws lossis terminals;
nrog rau mount rau tom ntej mounting ntawm kev twb kev txuas thaiv
Raws li txoj kev mounting junction boxes (nyob ntawm tus txheej txheem ntawm kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob thaiv), tag nrho cov khoom tau muab faib ua ob peb pawg tsim los rau:
qhib thaiv;
- hidden thaiv;
- drywall;
- cable-channels.
Geometric configuration faib lub thawv yog:
- ncig;
- square;
- rectangular.
Rau cov khoom siv xws li cov khoom siv, feem ntau yog siv ntau lub zog polymer plastics lossis (feem ntau tsawg) hlau nrog cov txheej tiv thaiv corrosion.
Kua raws li kev ruaj ntseg thoob ntiaj teb
Raws li kev cai thoob ntiaj teb, cov tuam txhab lag luam qhia cov cai ruaj ntseg ntawm lub thawv lub cev lossis hauv cov ntaub ntawv nrog. Nws muaj cov ntawv Latin IP (InternationalKev tiv thaiv) thiab ob tus lej.
Thawj tus lej (los ntawm 0 txog 6) qhia txog qib kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov xov hlau hauv lub thawv los ntawm kev nkag ntawm cov khoom khoom. 0 txhais tau tias tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv txhua. Cov lej ntawm 1 txog 4 qhia qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom txawv teb chaws tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv los ntawm cov thev naus laus zis qhov (los ntawm 50 mus rau 1 hli, raws li). Tus naj npawb 5 qhia tias lub cuab yeej yog cov qauv tsim tsis muaj plua plav. 6 txhais tau tias rooj plaub no tsis muaj plua plav kiag li.
Tus lej thib ob hauv qhov cim (los ntawm 0 txog 8) qhia txog kev tiv thaiv kev sib txuas sab hauv los ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov dej noo:
- 0 - tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv noo noo;
- ntawm 1 txog 3 - tus qauv tsim muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm tee ntawm qhov sib txawv;
- 4 txog 6 - lub cev ntawm lub thawv tuaj yeem tiv taus ncaj qha los ntawm lub dav hlau dej;
- 7 thiab 8 yog lub thawv tshwj xeeb uas tuaj yeem tiv taus ib ntus lossis ntev rau hauv dej.
Qhov ntawd yog, tus lej siab dua hauv kev cim, qhov zoo dua nws tiv thaiv. Piv txwv li, lub thawv IP55 tuaj yeem ntsia tau txawm tias nyob hauv chav dej. Nws muaj lub tsev tsis muaj plua plav. Cable caj pas thiab lub hau kaw ruaj ruaj tiv thaiv kev sib txuas ntawm cov xaim txawm tias los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntev mus rau lub dav hlau siv dej nruab nrab.
Main producers
Cov tuam txhab nto moo tshaj plaws thiab lub sijhawm kuaj cov thawv sib txuas thiab txuas cov khoom siv rau lawv niaj hnub no yog:
- Russian: TDM Hluav Taws Xob, DKS, Ruvinil, Gusi Electric, Apis, Promrukav,"Provento", "Contractor" thiab "Electropromplast";
- German: Schneider Electric, Rev Ritter thiab Wago;
- Norwegian Hegel;
- Swiss ABB;
- Turkish: Luxel thiab Greenel;
- Fabkis: Legrand thiab EKF.
Cov qauv xaiv tseem ceeb
Ua ntej koj yuav ib lub thawv sib txuas rau cov xov hlau, koj yuav tsum nkag siab meej txog ob peb qhov yooj yim nuances rau koj tus kheej. Thawj qhov ntawm qhov kev xaiv yog hom kev xaim (ceev, qhib, hauv cov kab txuas lossis tom qab cov ntawv ntsa qhuav). Tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab tus naj npawb ntawm qhov nruab rau ntawm lub cev (lossis tshem tau yooj yim plugs) kom nkag mus rau cov xov hlau. Thiab qhov kawg yog qhov loj. Yog tias koj npaj yuav txuas cov xov hlau loj txaus hauv lub thawv sib txuas, ces koj tsis tuaj yeem nruab ib qho khoom me me. Txwv tsis pub, qhov txuas xaus, ua ke nrog cov insulators, tsuas yog tsis tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv rooj plaub.
Yog tias koj tseem tsis tau pom cov cuab yeej tsim nyog, ces koj tuaj yeem txuas cov thawv sib txuas. Kev tsim ntawm qee cov khoom tso cai rau koj ua qhov no yooj yim heev: lawv tsuas yog "fastened" rau ib leeg nrog kev pab los ntawm tshwj xeeb protrusions thiab recesses raws li "pos-groove" system.
rau qhov zais zais
Txawm hais tias muaj kev ua haujlwm nyuaj, cov xaim zais tseem yog qhov nrov tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim cov tsev tshiab thiab hauv kev kho dua tshiab hauv cov tsev. Kev txhim kho cov thawv sib txuas hauv cov phab ntsa pob zeb,bricks lossis tsev blocks yuav tsum tau siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb thiab fixtures:
- rauj laum lossis lub zog hluav taws xob laum nrog rau hom kev cuam tshuam;
- tshwj xeeb qhov pom nrog carbide lossis pob zeb diamond tswv yim.
Nyob rau hauv lub qhov nruab (me ntsis loj dua qhov ntev ntawm cov khoom), cov thawv no feem ntau fastened nrog ceev-hardening mortars raws li cov cement los yog gypsum. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tias tom qab kev txhim kho lub hau npog, lub vaj tsev yog flush nrog phab ntsa nto. Tom qab ntawd cov ceg taw tes ntawm cov xov hlau yuav pom tsis pom tom qab wallpapering.
Qhov tseem ceeb! Ua ntej yuav mus rau qhov kev npaj ntawm lub tiav phab ntsa, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los kos ib daim duab qhia ntxaws nrog rau qhov chaw ntawm tag nrho cov installation qhov chaw ntawm lub hlws ris thawv. Qhov no yuav ua kom yooj yim rau kev kho cov kab hluav taws xob tom ntej, yog tias tsim nyog.
Rau cov kab thaiv sab hauv tsev
Lub thawv sib txuas tau yooj yim tshaj plaws nrog cov xaim qhib. Cov khoom zoo li no muaj tshwj xeeb mounting protrusions los yog qhov nyob rau sab nraum qab ntawm rooj plaub. Txaus:
- xov ob peb qhov ntawm txoj kab uas tsim nyog rau ntawm phab ntsa lossis qab nthab;
- ntse dowels hauv lawv;
- kho lub thawv nrog cov ntsia hlau.
Tshwj xeeb rau cable ducts
Tsis ntev los no, thaum npaj cov xaim hluav taws xob hauv chaw ua haujlwm, tsev ntiav, thiab qee zaum hauv cov tsev hauv nroog, cov kab yas yas tau siv ntau dua. Cov tshuab no muaj qee yamzoo:
- kev kub ceev thiab kev siv zog tsawg ntawm kev teeb tsa ua haujlwm;
- Yooj yim ntawm kev kho lossis kho tom ntej.
Rau txoj kev xaim no, siv lub thawv tshwj xeeb. Structurely, lawv nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev zoo ib yam li cov khoom rau qhib thaiv. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv cov qauv tsim thiab xim yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua ke nrog cov tsos thiab xim ntawm cov kab txuas lawv tus kheej.
Kev siv sab nraud
Lub thawv tsim los rau kev teeb tsa sab nraum zoov muaj cov qauv tsim tshwj xeeb: cov khoom siv cable yog tsim los ntawm cov caj pas nruj, thiab lub hau npog tau nruab nrog lub gasket tshwj xeeb. Tag nrho cov no ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv ntxiv ntawm cov xov hlau hauv lub thawv los ntawm kev ya raws. Rau kev tsim cov khoom lag luam, tsuas yog cov khoom siv tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv uas tiv taus qhov kub hloov pauv loj, lossis hlau siv. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kho cov khoom siv no nyob ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm phab ntsa.
rau drywall
Drywall tau ntev tau siv los ua tiav kev ua haujlwm sab hauv lossis tsim cov khoom siv sab hauv (ob qho tib si hauv tsev ntiag tug thiab hauv cov tsev hauv nroog). Cov khoom tsim rau kev teeb tsa ntawm cov phab ntsa no muaj lawv tus kheej cov yam ntxwv. Nyob rau hauv tsos, lawv zoo ib yam li cov thawv txheem rau zais thaiv. Ib tug txawv feature yog lub mounting system twb ntsia rau hauv lub thawv, uas yog ib tug ntev self-tapping screws (los yog screws) nrog tshwj xeeb.nthuav petals. Mounting lub thawv sib txuas ntawm phab ntsa plasterboard lossis qab nthab:
- ua ib lub qhov hauv phab ntsa uas phim qhov ntev ntawm cov khoom;
- txiav cov xaim hauv rooj plaub;
- nruab lub thawv ntim nrog cov phab ntsa ntub dej;
- sib hloov ceev cov ntsia hlau los yog cov ntsia hlau kom txog thaum cov kab sib txuas kho cov khoom ntawm daim ntawv;
- txuas xov tooj;
- install tiv thaiv npog.
Txoj kev sib txuas hluav taws xob
Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev sib cuag hluav taws xob, koj tuaj yeem siv cov kev sib txuas hauv qab no:
- twisted;
- welding;
- soldering;
- ntsia hlau terminals;
- txuas thaiv;
- tshwj xeeb tus kheej-clamping terminals.
Vuam yuav tsum tau siv cov cuab yeej kim tshwj xeeb, yog li nws yog siv feem ntau hauv kev tsim kho. Soldering yog yooj yim dua txawm nyob rau hauv tsev, tab sis koj yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog ib tug roj soldering hlau (tom qab tag nrho, thaum ua hauj lwm zoo li no, hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv lub tsev yuav tsum tau muab tua). Lwm txoj hauv kev muaj rau kev ua haujlwm hluav taws xob ywj pheej thiab tsis tas yuav tsum muaj kev cob qhia tshwj xeeb (naturally, nrog kev ua raws li txhua yam kev nyab xeeb).
Twisting wires
Ib txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los txuas cov xov hlau hauv lub thawv sib txuas yog twisting. Qhov nrov ntawm txoj kev no yog vim qhov yooj yim ntawm nws qhov kev siv thiabtxaus ntseeg ntawm hluav taws xob tiv tauj ntawm cov xov hlau. Ntau xyoo ntawm daim ntawv thov kev paub tau pom tias kev ua kom zoo sib tw tuaj yeem ua tau zoo ntawm nws cov hluav taws xob ua haujlwm tau ntau xyoo lawm.
Kev txiav txim ua haujlwm:
peb ntxuav qhov kawg ntawm cov xov hlau los ntawm kev rwb thaiv tsev los ntawm 18-19 hli siv lub stripper tshwj xeeb (phau ntawv lossis tsis siv neeg);
siv cov pliers nruj nreem ntswj (clockwise) lub stripped kawg ntawm cov xov hlau;
- peb muab lub kaus mom yas tshwj xeeb (nrog conical springs ntsia sab hauv), uas ib txhij ua peb txoj haujlwm: ua kom lub zog ntawm kev sib txuas, ua kom muaj kev ntseeg siab ntawm hluav taws xob tiv tauj thiab muab rwb thaiv tsev;
- ua tib zoo nteg cov xaim hauv lub thawv, thaum zam lawv qhov khoov tseem ceeb;
txhob cia cover
Nco ntsoov! Ua ntej txuas cov xov hlau hauv lub thawv sib txuas, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau tua hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ntawm tag nrho cov tsev tsev siv lub riam hloov lossis tshuab tsis siv neeg (feem ntau yog nruab rau hauv lub switchboard ntawm kev tsaws). Cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo ntxiv kom paub tseeb tias tsis muaj qhov hluav taws xob nrog lub ntsuas hluav taws xob lossis qhov ntsuas tshwj xeeb.
Txuas xaim nrog ceev ceev tshwj xeeb
Lub tuam txhab German Wago tau tsim tshwj xeeb ceev-clampingcov khoom siv rau kev sib txuas cov xov hlau hauv lub thawv sib txuas. Qhov yooj yim ntawm lawv siv tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm ob tus kws tshaj lij hluav taws xob thiab ntau "cov kws ua haujlwm hauv tsev" uas tau koom nrog kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob ntawm lawv tus kheej. Cov cuab yeej yog lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav-loaded lever mechanism uas ua ob txoj haujlwm ib txhij:
- txuas hluav taws xob xaim kom nruj thiab txhim khu kev qha;
- Highly zoo hlws ris rwb thaiv tsev.
Cov algorithm rau kev siv cov khoom siv no yooj yim:
- peb ntxuav qhov kawg ntawm cov hlau los ntawm 9-10 hli;
- tsa lub txiv kab ntxwv rau saum txoj hauj lwm;
- ntxig ntu ntu ntawm cov xaim rau hauv lub qhov;
- txo qis qis kom txog thaum nws nyem;
- ua tib yam haujlwm nrog txhua lwm cov xov hlau.
Qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv no yog:
- kev yooj yim, yooj yim thiab ceev ntawm kev teeb tsa;
- siab specifications: kev khiav hauj lwm voltage ntawm 220 mus rau 450 volts, tam sim no los ntawm 20 mus rau 32 amps;
- versatility: nyob ntawm tus tsim ntawm cov khoom, los ntawm 2 mus rau 8 xov hlau nrog ib tug ntoo khaub lig seem ntawm 1 mus rau 4 mm² yuav txuas.
cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb heev
Muaj ntau lub thawv tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb. Cov khoom no suav nrog:
- khoom tshwj xeeb rau qhov muaj peev xwm sib npaug;
- lub thawv rau kev sib txuas thiab txuas lub khoos phis tawj CAT5 thiab CAT6;
- khoom siv hloov xov tooj;
- lub thawv rau cov ceg thiab txuas cov kab fiber ntau;
- interface splitters.
