tooj liab plating yog txheej txheem ntawm kev siv cov txheej tooj liab rau saum npoo ntawm ntau yam hlau (txhuas, hlau, npib tsib xee, tooj dag). Copper plating muab cov hlau rau qhov pom kev pom uas tuaj yeem siv rau hauv ntau yam kev tsim qauv. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txheej tooj liab tuaj yeem txhim kho cov hluav taws xob conductivity ntawm cov khoom hlau, uas ua rau kom muaj peev xwm ntawm kev kho deg ntxiv.
Txhua tus uas tsawg kawg yog me ntsis paub txog cov hauv paus ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem paub cov cuab yeej siv txhuas tooj liab plating hauv tsev.
Keeb kwm ntawm kev nrhiav pom tooj liab
tooj liab yog thawj cov hlau uas kov yeej txiv neej thiab ua lub luag haujlwm loj tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm kev vam meej. Qhov kev tshwm sim no tau tshwm sim ntau txhiab xyoo BC, thiab lub sijhawm pib ntawm kev siv cov hlau tshwj xeeb no tsis tuaj yeem tsim.
Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, tooj liab nuggets yog siv los tsim riam phom thiab khoom siv hauv tsev. Liab-ntsuab nuggets ntawm hlau tau pib siv tib yam li cov pob zeb zoo tib yam. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, empirically, tib neeg pom tias kev ua cov khoom siv nrog rauj muab nws cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Qhov no yog qhov txias forging hlau tau yug los.
Txawm tias tom qab ntawd nws tau pom tias cov hlau yaj thiab tom qab txias nws tau txais lwm cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov khoom. Cov theem no yog thawj zaug hauv kev tsim cov hlau kub.
yam ntxwv thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm tooj liab
tooj liab yog cov xim liab liab hnyav uas yog mos heev thiab melts ntawm tshaj 1080 ℃. Cov hluav taws xob conductivity ntawm tooj liab txheej yog 1.7 npaug siab dua li ntawm txhuas. tooj liab kuj muaj cov thermal conductivity.
Ntau yam tshwj xeeb ntawm cov hlau yog vim muaj ntau yam impurities nyob rau hauv nws muaj pes tsawg leeg. Yog li, raws li cov pa oxygen, uas yog nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm tooj liab, cov hlau muab faib raws li nram no:
- tooj liab tsis muaj oxygen muaj tsawg dua 0.001% impurities;
- refined tooj liab muaj 0.001–0.01% oxygen;
- ntshiab tooj liab muaj txog 0.03-0.05% oxygen;
- Lub hom phiaj tooj liab muaj 0.05-0.08% oxygen.
Qhov muaj cov hmoov txhuas lossis bismuth hauv tooj liab txo cov khoom yas ntawm cov khoom. Me ntsis soluble impurities (sulfur, lead, bismuth) ua rau cov hlau tsis muaj zog.
Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm electrolysis, ntxiv rau oxygen, hydrogen tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv cov khoom ntawm tooj liab alloys.
Lub cev muaj zog
Lub ntsiab zoo ntawm tooj liab yog qhov tsis muaj zog thiab, vim li ntawd, cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob siab. Qhov nce hauv impurities ntawm ntau yam hlau hauv cov tooj liab alloy ua rau txo cov hluav taws xob conductivity ntawm cov khoom.
Lub siab thermal conductivity ntawm cov tooj liab ntshiab yog txo qis thaum muaj ntau yam alloying tshuaj ntxiv rau nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg.
Kuj feem ntau siv hauv kev lag luam yog cov khoom siv tooj liab uas tiv taus corrosion hauv ntau qhov chaw, tshwj tsis yog cov organic acids, ammonia thiab ammonium ntsev. Ib qho ntxiv ntawm cov impurities nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm tooj liab ua rau ib tug tseem ceeb txo nyob rau hauv lub corrosion kuj ntawm alloys.
Kev siv cov tooj liab plating ntawm cov hlau
Cov txheej txheem rau tooj liab plating ntawm txhuas thiab lwm yam hlau muaj qhov dav dav siv tsis tau tsuas yog siv hauv tsev, tab sis kuj ntawm kev lag luam. Ntawm ntau cov hlau, tooj liab txheej tuaj yeem siv tau ob qho tib si raws li cov txheej txheem ywj pheej thiab ua sublayer rau kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb tom ntej mus rau lub hauv paus hlau ntawm cov khoom.
Feem ntau, tooj liab plating ntawm txhuas hauv tsev rhiav yog ua rau cov hom phiaj hauv qab no:
- decorating hniav nyiaj hniav kub;
- tiv thaiv cov khoom hlau los ntawm corrosion thiab carburization;
- tshem tawm ntawm kev puas tsuaj thiab qhov tsis xws luag ntawm cov khoom nrog cov duab thiab nyem;
- tsim cov ntawv luam ntawm cov khoom ua los ntawm ntau yam ntaub ntawv;
- tsim cov ntaub qhwv rau cov khoom siv txhuas tsis siv cov kua qaub;
- ua ntej qhov chaw npaj ntawm qhov chaw ua ntej chrome plating,nyiaj plating, npib tsib xee plating.
Nyob ntawm tooj liab plating ntawm hlau nto
Cov txheej txheem rau tooj liab plating aluminium hauv tsev tsis nyuaj ua rau koj tus kheej. Nws tsis yog yuav tsum tau siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb thiab cov tshuaj nquag. Cov txheej txheem zoo yog ua kom ntseeg tau los ntawm kev ua raws li cov txheej txheem txhuas tooj liab plating thiab kev paub txog cov txheej txheem tsis tu ncua.
Muaj ob lub ntsiab ntawm tooj liab plating rau hlau nto:
- Nrog rau qhov immersion ntawm lub workpiece nyob rau hauv lub electrolyte, nyob rau hauv uas cov khoom yog ib feem los yog kiag li raus rau hauv ib da dej nrog ib tug tshuaj reagent. Kev siv txoj kev no yog tsim nyog nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thaum nws yuav tsum tau siv ib txheej ntawm tooj liab sib npaug rau tag nrho cov khoom.
- tooj liab plating yam tsis immersing ib feem hauv tshuaj. Txoj kev no yog qhov nyuaj dua los ua. Nws siv tau zoo heev yog tias nws yuav tsum tau ua tooj liab plating ntawm ib cheeb tsam ntawm cov khoom.
Nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si ntawm no, kev ua kom cov tshuaj txhuas txhuas tooj liab plating tus neeg sawv cev yog ua los ntawm hluav taws xob, uas yuav tsum tau siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tas li.
Khoom siv tooj liab
Rau qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis ntawm txhuas tooj liab plating, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los npaj cov cuab yeej yooj yim. Cov cuab yeej thiab cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog tuaj yeem yuav los ntawm lub network faib khoom lossis ua nws tus kheej.
Ua kom tiav txoj haujlwm koj yuav xav tau cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab nothiab cov khoom siv:
- A 6-8 volt DC fais fab mov nrog cov khoom siv hloov kho tam sim no thiab ammeter. Yog tias tsis muaj kev hloov kho, nws yog qhov tsim nyog kom suav nrog rheostat thiab ammeter hauv Circuit Court. Lawv yuav xav tau los tswj cov txheej txheem. Yog tias tsis muaj hluav taws xob nyob ruaj khov, ces siv lub roj teeb Krona.
- Tshwj xeeb da dej ua los ntawm cov khoom uas tsis raug rau electrolytic nres (iav, yas). Qhov ntev ntawm lub thawv raug xaiv raws li qhov ntev ntawm lub workpiece.
- tooj liab electrodes, uas ua hauj lwm muab hluav taws xob tam sim no rau electrolyte thaum lub sij hawm tooj liab plating ntawm txhuas, thiab kuj ua rau poob ntawm hlau thaum lub sij hawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
- Ib qho electrolyte uas nws muaj pes tsawg leeg nyob ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov khoom qub.
Kev npaj ntawm tooj liab plating tov
Nrhiav cov tshuaj npaj npaj rau txhuas tooj liab plating hauv kev faib khoom yog qhov nyuaj. Feem ntau, cov tuam txhab tso cai muag cov khoom tiav tom qab kev nthuav qhia cov ntaub ntawv cuam tshuam. Yog li ntawd, feem ntau cov neeg ua lawv tus kheej txhuas tooj liab plating tov nyob rau hauv tsev los ntawm tooj liab sulfate.
Rau lub hom phiaj no koj yuav xav tau:
- blue vitriol;
- dej distilled;
- hydrochloric acid.
Koj tuaj yeem npaj cov tshuaj tsuas yog tias daim ntawv qhia ua raws raug. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, tooj liab sulfate (20 g) yuav tsum tau yaj hauv 1 liter dej. Tom qab ntawd ntxiv 2-3 ml ntawm acid nyob rau hauv ib tug nyias kwj. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg yog sib tov kom txog thaum tag nrho cov muaju yog yaj tag.
Cov electrolyte tiav rau tooj liab plating ntawm txhuas nrog tooj liab sulfate yuav tsum tsis muaj ntxhiab thiab muaj xim xiav ci.
Dip tooj liab plating technology
tooj liab plating ntawm txhuas hlau los ntawm txoj kev ua tiav immersion ntawm lub workpiece hauv electrolyte yog ua raws li cov cuab yeej hauv qab no:
- Lub nto ntawm lub workpiece yog ntxuav nrog sandpaper los yog ib tug txhuam, ces degreased nyob rau hauv ib tug kub soda tov thiab ntxuav nyob rau hauv dej ntws.
- Ob lub electrodes raug tshem tawm hauv lub thawv npaj, uas txuas nrog rau lub davhlau ya nyob twg zoo ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob.
- Ib qhov khoob yog muab tso rau ntawm cov electrodes, uas txuas nrog lub davhlau ya nyob twg tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
- Cov electrolyte npaj tau nchuav rau hauv lub thawv ua haujlwm. Qhov kev daws teeb meem yuav tsum yog saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm cov electrodes.
- Siv cov cuab yeej hloov kho, tus nqi khiav haujlwm tam sim no tau teeb tsa. Tus nqi ntawm qhov ntsuas yog raws li kev suav ntawm 10-15 mA ib 1 cm2 ntawm thaj tsam ntawm cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm.
- Tom qab 20 feeb, lub zog raug kaw thiab cov khoom raug tshem tawm ntawm lub da dej.
- Electrolyte residue yog ntxuav tawm nrog dej thiab ib feem yog qhuav.
Lub sijhawm ua tiav yog kwv yees, nws tuaj yeem tswj tau qhov muag los ntawm cov xim ntawm txheej thiab qhov sib xws ntawm nws qhov kev faib tawm. Lub zog txuas ntev dua, qhov tuab ntawm aluminium tooj liab txheej yuav yog.
Dipless Copper Plating cuab yeej
tooj liab plating ua haujlwmhlau blanks yam tsis muaj immersion nyob rau hauv lub electrolyte yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv cov khoom loj uas tsis tuaj yeem immersed tag nrho hauv da dej. Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj kev no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua thaum ua cov khoom ntawm tus kheej.
Txhawm rau ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis rau tooj liab plating yam tsis muaj immersion hauv electrolyte, cov khoom siv hauv qab no yuav xav tau:
- Cov tshuaj txhuam hniav yog ua los ntawm cov hlua khi tooj liab. Rau lub hom phiaj no, koj yuav tsum tau strip lub rwb thaiv tsev ntawm ib kawg ntawm cov hlau, ces cais tus neeg conductors me ntsis. Ua kom nws yooj yim los tuav txhuam, nws yog qhov zoo dua los khi nws rau ib lub pas ntoo lossis xaum.
- Nws yog qhov zoo dua los muab qhov khoob rau kev ua haujlwm hauv ib lub thawv uas tsis muaj sab siab. Nws yog qhov yooj yim los siv cov plooj (porcelain) lossis iav phaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj yuav xav tau ib lub thawv rau cov electrolyte, uas cov txhuam yuav tas li dipped. Ib khob siv tau rau lub hom phiaj no.
- Lub hwj chim tsis txawv ntawm qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siv hauv kev siv tshuab immersion.
Dipless copper txheej
Lub thev naus laus zis rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm txhuas tooj liab plating yam tsis muaj immersing lub workpiece hauv electrolyte yog raws li nram no:
- Txoj txhuam, npaj ua ntej, txuas nrog lub davhlau ya nyob twg zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
- Electrolyte tov, uas zoo ib yam li hauv formulation rau cov muaj pes tsawg leeg siv nyob rau hauv ib feem dipping rooj plaub, yog poured rau hauv lub txhuam wetting thawv.
- Tsis muaj,yav tas los ntxuav thiab degreased, muab tso rau hauv ib lub thawv khoob. Siv lub connector, ib feem yog txuas nrog lub rho tawm ntawm lub hwj chim qhov chaw.
- Cov txhuam hniav yog dipped rau hauv electrolyte thiab tsav mus rau qhov chaw uas yuav tsum tau siv cov txheej tooj liab. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas txhuam tsis txhob kov qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw.
- Tom qab siv ib txheej ntawm tooj liab, lub workpiece yog ntxuav hauv dej ntws thiab qhuav.
Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev ua hauj lwm, koj yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias ib txwm muaj ib tug electrolyte txheej ntawm lub workpiece thiab txhuam. Ua li no, cov txhuam hniav yuav tsum tau dipped tas li mus rau hauv ib lub thawv nrog tov.
Kev nyab xeeb thaum ua haujlwm
Txhua txoj haujlwm nrog cov tshuaj thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau ua nrog kev ceev faj tsim nyog.
tooj liab plating ntawm txhuas nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam yog nruj me ntsis txwv tsis pub. Rau cov hom phiaj no, nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv chav tsev siv hluav taws xob, chaw nres tsheb lossis chaw ua haujlwm. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav tsum yog hauv av.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv, cov lus pom zoo hauv qab no yuav tsum ua raws:
- tiv thaiv ua pa yuav tsum tau siv;
- kom cov tshuaj tsis nkag mus rau hauv lub qhov muag, yuav tsum ua haujlwm hauv tsom iav;
- txhua yam haujlwm yuav tsum tau ua hauv cov khaub ncaws tshwj xeeb (cov hnab looj tes roj hmab, cov ntaub npog roj, cov khau tshwj xeeb).
txheej txheem txheej txheej ntawm cov khoom siv txhuas nrog txheej tooj liab tsis yog qhov nyuaj tshwj xeeb txawm tias tus neeg tsis tshua paub txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Yuav los yogua cov cuab yeej tsim nyog kuj yuav tsis ua rau muaj teeb meem tshwj xeeb. Tab sis ntau yam khoom uas zoo li tau poob lawv cov tsos zoo nkauj yuav tau txais lub neej thib ob.
