Spores thiab mycelium ntawm nceb

Cov txheej txheem:

Spores thiab mycelium ntawm nceb
Spores thiab mycelium ntawm nceb

Video: Spores thiab mycelium ntawm nceb

Video: Spores thiab mycelium ntawm nceb
Video: Выращивание грибов на открытом воздухе в Фениксе, штат Аризона, в деревянном ящике. 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Tam sim no, muaj ntau hom nceb tau paub - muaj ntau tshaj li ib puas txhiab ntawm lawv. Txawm hais tias nws tau xav tias qhov tseeb muaj ntau ntau ntawm lawv - ob thiab ib nrab - peb puas txhiab. Lawv feem ntau loj hlob hauv av. Lawv pom nyob txhua qhov chaw uas yuav muaj tsawg kawg yog qee lub neej.

Mycelium

Ntau spores tsim ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo lub cev ntawm nceb. Piv txwv li, hauv ib lub lis piam ntawm champignon, 16 billion ntawm lawv siav! Thaum lawv ripen, lawv pib poob tawm ntawm lub cev fruiting. Cov spores ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov fungi yog nqa los ntawm huab cua tam sim no nyob rau hauv qhov kev ncua deb. Lawv txoj kev faib yog yooj yim los ntawm cov tsiaj, nas, slugs, yoov, larvae. Qhov tshwm sim no hu ua zoochory.

nceb mycelium
nceb mycelium

Nkag mus rau hauv qee yam mob, spores pib germinate, hyphae tsim, uas loj hlob sai heev nyob rau hauv ntev thiab ceg. Fungal mycelia yog tsim. Yuav ua li cas loj hlob ib tug fruiting lub cev - nyeem rau. Mycelium permeates lub substrate nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov lus qhia. Nws threads tsim sai heev, assimilating cov as-ham los ntawm cov av. Hyphae loj hlob los ntawm txawv sporesmycelium. Hauv qee thaj chaw lawv ntsib thiab sib koom ua ke. Ib tug tuab knot tshwm nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw no, los ntawm cov fruiting lub cev tsim. Yog tias cov xwm txheej zoo, mycelium loj hlob tsis tu ncua. Thaum tej yam mob hnyav zuj zus lawm, nws yuav loog thiab tsis loj hlob.

Mycelium: ntau lawm technology

Yuav kom loj hlob mycelium ntawm koj tus kheej, koj yuav tsum tau ua ib lub voj ntawm cov hlau los yog cov koob knitting. Tom qab ntawd ignite nws ntawm hluav taws kom cov kab mob txawv teb chaws tsis nkag mus rau hauv nws. Tom ntej no, cov nceb yog tawg, ib daim me me yog txiav tawm nrog ib lub voj (lub sab sauv ntawm ceg yog siv). Cov qauv tsim tau raug kho nrog hydrogen peroxide thiab muab tso rau hauv ib lub raj kuaj, tom qab calcining nws stopper. Lub thawv nrog ib daim nceb muab tso rau hauv qhov ntsuas kub lossis qhov chaw tsaus.

Mushroom mycelium yuav ua li cas loj hlob
Mushroom mycelium yuav ua li cas loj hlob

Tus neeg xaiv nceb yog tus paub qhov chaw tshiab hauv ob lub lis piam. Tom qab ntawd, nws tuaj yeem siv los nthuav tawm mycelium ntawm nceb. Yuav ua li cas loj hlob los ntawm lawv lub fruiting lub cev ntawm champignons thiab porcini nceb? Peb yuav tham txog qhov no me ntsis qis, tab sis tam sim no cia peb rov qab mus rau peb lub raj ntsuas. Cov kab lis kev cai niam yog khaws cia ntawm qhov kub ntawm 1-2 degrees. Txhua xyoo nws tuaj yeem rov ua dua tshiab rau thaj av tshiab. Tab sis yog tias nws khaws cia ntev dhau lawm thiab feem ntau rov ua dua, nws cov microbiological muaj pes tsawg leeg yuav tsum tau saib xyuas.

Ntau yam

Lub mycelium ntawm cov fungus yog tsim los ntawm nyias cov xim tsis muaj xim, lossis hyphae, uas yog tubules nrog cytoplasm. Nyob rau hauv sib txawv nceb, threads intertwine nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev, ceg, loj hlob ua ke, tsim bundles thiab films. Lawv muaj unlimited kev loj hlob thiab lateral ceg. Mycelium ntawm nceb yog lawvvegetative lub cev thiab raws li nws lub hom phiaj ua haujlwm tau muab faib ua ob ntu:

  • Substrate mycelium - nkag mus rau lub substrate. Nrog nws cov kev pab, dej yog absorbed thiab thauj nrog tshuaj yaj nyob rau hauv nws.
  • Air, lossis saum npoo ntawm mycelium, nce saum cov substrate thiab tsim cov kab mob hauv lub cev.

Kev tsim kho

Mycelium yog qhov nyuaj dua los kuaj pom dua li cov spores thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo lub cev, vim tias nws yog tag nrho rau hauv cov substrate. Lub mycelium ntawm fungus yog tsim los ntawm hyphae uas tsim los ntawm spores. Kev loj hlob ntawm mycelium yog apical, thiab nws ceg nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov lus qhia. Mycelium muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm kev loj hlob thiab lub neej expectancy, uas nyob ntawm cov xwm txheej sab nraud. Raws li rau cov qauv, cov nram qab no hom ntawm qhov system peb tab tom txiav txim siab yog qhov txawv:

  • Cellular mycelium - muab faib ua ib lub hlwb los ntawm kev faib tawm. Txhua lub cell muaj ib lossis ntau lub nuclei.
  • Non-cellular mycelium ntawm fungi - tsis muaj partitions thiab yog ib tug loj cell, nyob rau hauv uas muaj ntau nuclei.
Lub mycelium ntawm fungus yog tsim
Lub mycelium ntawm fungus yog tsim

Lub cev vegetative ntawm ib co fungi yog budding los yog faib hlwb. Yog tias lawv tsis tawg, pseudomycelium tuaj yeem tsim. Ib tus tsuas tuaj yeem xav tias yog vim li cas qee cov fungi muaj hom kab mob no lub cev. Pom tseeb, muaj kev hloov pauv rau qee yam kev loj hlob: cov kua qab zib hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo hauv hav zoov lossis ntoo tuaj yeem tau txais ntawm mycelium. Qhov no hloov cov qauv ntawm mycelium

For reference:

  • Substrate - cov av, cov tshuaj uas pubnceb.
  • Mycelium thiab mycelium yog ib qho thiab tib yam. Lawv sawv cev los ntawm lub vev xaib hauv av.
  • Lub cev txiv ntoo yog nceb.
  • Lub cev nqaij tawv - mycelium lossis mycelium.

Kev tsis sib haum xeeb thiab lawv txoj kev loj hlob

Yuav kom spores mus rau germinate nyob rau hauv lub substrate, nws yuav tsum muaj ib tug tej yam humidity, kub thiab acidity. Rau ntau hom nceb, cov ntsuas no txawv. Thaum cov spores nkag mus rau ib puag ncig ib puag ncig, nws pib germinate. Thawj mycelium yog tsim. Nws cov hlwb muaj ib lub nucleus. Xws li mycelium ntawm fungi tsis tuaj yeem tsim lub cev fruiting. Qhov no tshwm sim thaum ib leeg-nuclear cell fuses nrog lwm cov nucleus uas muaj cov caj ces sib txawv. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm fusion, binuclear hlwb tau txais. Lawv twb muaj peev xwm tsim tau ib tug mycelium uas loj hlob mus rau hauv lub cev fruiting.

Mushroom spores: qauv

Ntau zaus, cov nceb rov tsim dua los ntawm cov spores, vim tias muaj kev hloov pauv sai mus rau lwm qhov chaw thiab rov ua dua tshiab. Ib feem ntawm cov fungus yog them nrog ib tug spore txheej. Nws cov qauv txawv:

  • Lamellar - thaum spores tsim rau ntawm daim hlau.
  • Tubular - spores nyob rau hauv cov tubules.
  • Intrafetal - cov qauv kev ua me nyuam yog nyob rau hauv cov fungus.

Kev tsis sib haum: yuav ua li cas kom tau lawv tus kheej?

Mushrooms xav tau spores kom rov tsim dua. Nws yooj yim kom tau lawv. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, cov nceb tsis muaj kab mob yuav tsum tau cog rau hauv av nrog lub kaus mom mus rau qhov tob ntawm 5-10 cm. Tom qab 2-3 hnub, lub kaus mom raug tshem tawm, thiab cov spores yuav nyob hauv av.

Spores thiab mycelium ntawm fungus
Spores thiab mycelium ntawm fungus

Koj tuaj yeem siv lwm txoj hauv kev. RauQhov no overripe thiab tsis wormy nceb hau yuav tsum tau crushed, ces tsau cov pieces nyob rau hauv dej dej rau ob hnub thiab muab tso rau hauv ib qho chaw tsaus. Cov kua infused yuav tsum tau nchuav rau hauv lub vaj uas nws tau npaj kom loj hlob nceb. Tom qab 1-3 xyoos, mycelium yuav germinate.

nceb mycelium

Cov nceb no yog cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig. Lawv yog cov nplua nuj nyob rau hauv proteins, vitamins thiab minerals. Champignons muab cov txiaj ntsig siab thiab yog cov qoob loo muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev loj hlob hauv vaj. Lawv nyiam qhov chaw ntxoov ntxoo: nyob rau hauv lub crowns ntawm ntoo thiab shrubs, nyob rau hauv raspberry thiab strawberry plantations, nyob rau hauv ntxoov ntxoo ntawm outbuildings thiab laj kab. Qhov tseem ceeb yog cov rays ntawm lub hnub tsis poob rau lawv.

Ua ntej cog nceb, cov av yuav tsum tau xoob zoo. Cov nroj tsuag thiab cov hauv paus hniav ntawm ntau yam tshuaj ntsuab tuaj yeem tso tseg ntev li ntev tau lawv tsis cuam tshuam nrog lwm cov nroj tsuag. Mushroom mycelium yog sown rau ntawm daim phiaj npaj. Nceb yuav tsis tau tos ntev. Tom qab 2-2, 5 lub hlis, mycelium pib txi txiv. Ua ntej lub sijhawm no, tsis pom qhov hloov pauv ntawm qhov chaw tsaws tuaj yeem pom. Cov sown mycelium yog them los ntawm saum toj nrog ib txheej me me ntawm compost.

Mushroom mycelium
Mushroom mycelium

Txiv hmab txiv ntoo pib thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab xaus rau lub caij nplooj zeeg lig. Nrog rau qhov pib ntawm huab cua txias, nceb mycelium tseem tuaj yeem cog. Tab sis lub sijhawm zoo tshaj plaws rau qhov no yog pib lub Cuaj Hli - thawj kaum xyoo ntawm lub Kaum Ob Hlis, kawg ntawm Lub Ob Hlis - nruab nrab ntawm Tsib Hlis.

Thaum sau qoob, cov nceb yuav tsum tsis txhob txiav, nws yog qhov zoo dua kom ua tib zoo unscrew lawv. Ces lub cev fruiting yuav tsis nyob twj ywm hauv av thiab yuav tsis pibrot, attracting kab. Muaj kev xav tias nws tsis tuaj yeem rub tawm cov nceb, vim qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau mycelium puas. Tsis yog kiag li. Champignon belongs rau cov pab pawg neeg ntawm cov pwm fungi, nws tsis muaj lub hauv paus system. Txhua spores yuav nyob twj ywm hauv av thiab yuav tsis tuag. Tom qab koj khaws cov nceb, lawv yuav loj tuaj hauv ob lub lis piam.

Rau lub caij ntuj no txias, cov cog tsis tas yuav tsum tau insulated. Spores thiab mycelium ntawm fungus yuav calmly tiv taus txawm tias kub heev. Lub sijhawm no, kev loj hlob nres, spores pw tsaug zog. Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav lawv sawv thiab muab qoob loo ntau.

Txhua xyoo nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg lig, thaum lub sij hawm fruiting dhau lawm, nws raug nquahu kom nphoo humus lossis humus ntawm mycelium. Tsis muaj tshuaj chiv! Lub mycelium nyob ntev, 8-10 xyoo, nce qhov loj txhua xyoo.

YCep mycelium

Cov nceb no tuaj yeem cog hauv tsev, tab sis nws zoo dua - hauv qhov qhib. Ib qhov chaw raug xaiv nyob ib sab ntawm lossis hauv qab ntoo txiv ntoo. Tom qab ntawd ib lub qhov tob yog 30 cm tob, nplooj poob, hav zoov av thiab peat yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau nws. Lub mycelium ntawm porcini nceb yog muab tso rau hauv lub qhov nrog rau lub ntiaj teb thiab moss. Sprinkled nrog nplooj thiab spruce khib nyiab coj los ntawm hav zoov. Los ntawm saum toj no, lub mycelium yog them nrog boards. Qhov no yuav tswj cov av noo.

Mycelium ntawm porcini nceb
Mycelium ntawm porcini nceb

Hauv huab cua qhuav, dej mycelium ob zaug hauv ib lub lis piam. Cov kab mob tuaj yeem muab ntxiv rau hauv dej kom nce qhov tshwm sim. Thaum lub caij ntuj no txias, thaj chaw nrog mycelium yuav tsum tau them los ntawm saum toj no nrog cov nplooj poob, straw, ceg ntoo lossis moss. Nrog rau qhov pib ntawm caij nplooj ntoos hlav, lub mulch raug tshem tawm.

Chitin mycelium - siv dab tsi?

Cov khoom kho tshwj xeeb ntawm cov nceb yog txuam nrog glucans thiab polysaccharides uas muaj nyob hauv lawv, suav nrog chitin. Cia peb nyob ntawm lawv hauv kev nthuav dav ntxiv:

  • Lub mycelium ntawm cov fungus yog tsim los ntawm chitin fibers, uas muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav thiab muaj peev xwm kho qhov txhab.
  • Kub mycelium siv rau hlawv. Qhov txhab mob sai thiab tsis mob.
  • Chitin fibers yog qhov txaus siab tshwj xeeb - raws li cov khoom noj khoom haus.
Lub mycelium ntawm fungus yog tsim los ntawm chitinous fibers
Lub mycelium ntawm fungus yog tsim los ntawm chitinous fibers
  • Lawv tau siv tshuaj ntau zuj zus - siv rau kev tiv thaiv.
  • Hauv kev ua liaj ua teb, kev npaj muaj chitin yog siv los kho cov noob ua ntej sowing. Tom qab ntawd, lawv muab germination zoo.

Pom zoo: