Cov tswv tsev thiab tsev feem ntau ntsib teeb meem ntawm lub suab rwb thaiv tsev tsis txaus hauv lawv lub tsev. Vim li no, lub suab los ntawm sab nraud ua suab nrov hauv chav. Nws cuam tshuam nrog kev pw tsaug zog thiab ib txwm ua haujlwm. Txhawm rau kom nce qib ntawm kev nplij siab hauv chav, nws yuav tsum siv cov khoom siv ntxiv rau cov phab ntsa thiab qab nthab. Cov lus qhia los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm paub txog los xav txog ua ntej pib kho dua tshiab.
Ntau yam suab nrov
Cov khoom twg yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cov phab ntsa soundproofing? Niaj hnub no, muaj ntau qhov kev thov ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev lag luam, uas yog tsim los tiv thaiv kev nkag mus ntawm cov suab nrov hauv tsev. Nyob rau lub sijhawm nyob ntsiag to, txawm tias muaj suab nrov me me los ntawm cov neeg nyob ze cov tsev nyob lossis lub suab ntawm txoj kev tuaj yeem hnov ntxhiab tsw. Txawm li cas los xij, lub suab nrov tuaj yeem ncav cuag koj txhua lub sijhawm ntawm hnub, txawm tias thaum koj chav tsev lossis lub tsev tsis nyob ntsiag to.
vaj huam sib luag thiab cib tsev, ob qho tib si qub thiabntawm cov qauv tshiab tsis txawv nyob rau hauv high-zoo suab rwb thaiv tsev ntawm ob phab ntsa thiab interfloor ceilings. Tag nrho cov suab yog kis los ntawm huab cua, ua rau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov phab ntsa thiab qab nthab co. Txawm tias muaj suab nrov me me los ntawm sab nraud rau cov tswv tsev tuaj yeem ua rau insomnia. Thiab cov menyuam yaus quaj, qw, suab kho, suab paj nruag nrov ua rau muaj kev tsis xis nyob.
Cov khoom siv rau cov phab ntsa soundproofing nyob rau hauv ib chav tsev tso cai rau koj nce qib kev tiv thaiv ntawm qhov chaw sab hauv ntawm chav tsev los ntawm cov suab sab nraud. Koj tuaj yeem nruab lawv tus kheej. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub yuav ua li cas kom raug. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias txhua lub suab uas nkag mus hauv peb lub tsev tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg:
- Suab nrov kis tau los ntawm huab cua. Vibrations yog kis nyob rau hauv cov huab cua, kis los ntawm cov phab ntsa thiab qab nthab. Suab paub tias yog nthwv dej. Nws kis tau nyob rau hauv ib qho nruab nrab, piv txwv li, los ntawm huab cua. Cov suab no suav nrog kev sib tham nrov nrov, suab paj nruag, thiab lwm yam.
- Structural suab nrov. Muaj tshwm sim nrog kev ua haujlwm ncaj qha rau ntawm phab ntsa lossis qab nthab. Piv txwv li, nws tuaj yeem yog ib yam khoom uas tau poob los ntawm cov neeg nyob ze, txav rooj tog, hammering rau hauv phab ntsa, thiab lwm yam. Thaum xub thawj, lub suab nthwv dej nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no propagates nyob rau hauv ib tug khoom khoom, thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd kis tau los ntawm huab cua.
Thaum xaiv cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov phab ntsa soundproofing, koj yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub suab. Raws li kev tshawb fawb, suab mus nrawm dua hauv cov khoom siv ntau dua li hauv huab cua. Vim li no, cov suab nrov nrov tau hnov ntau dua. Cov suab nrov no xav tau kev tiv thaiv ntau heev. Cov khoom yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv norooj plaub thicker, denser, muaj ib qho qauv.
Nws tseem tsim nyog xav txog ib qho ntxiv. Qee lub suab yeej nyob ntsiag to. Tab sis tib neeg pom lawv tshwj xeeb, uas ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov hnyav. Thaum tsaus ntuj, txawm tias lub suab ntawm dej ntws, zuam ntawm lub moos, lossis qhib faucet hauv ib tus neeg nyob ze lub tsev tuaj yeem ua rau koj tsaug zog. Tus me nyuam lub suab quaj yuav tsis muaj zog hauv kev siv zog, tab sis peb txoj kev xaav ua rau lub suab no muaj zog dua. Lub suab zoo li no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam ntau dua li cov suab paj nruag du, uas ntau tus neeg feem ntau pw tsaug zog yooj yim. Txhua yam ntawm lub suab nrov nrov yuav tsum raug txiav txim siab thaum xaiv cov khoom.
Ntawm cov khoom siv suab nrov-insulating
Cov ntaub ntawv niaj hnub rau cov phab ntsa tsis muaj suab nrov muaj cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb. Nrog lawv cov kev pab, koj tuaj yeem tsim ib feem lossis ua tiav kev tiv thaiv cov suab nrov hauv ib chav tsev lossis koj lub tsev. Cov ntaub ntawv no muaj qee qhov sib txawv.
Yog tias koj xav tsim kom muaj lub suab pov thawj tiav, koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau kev tsim cov txheej txheem suab nrov ntawm lub qab nthab, phab ntsa, thiab qee zaum (yog tias muaj cov neeg nyob ze hauv qab) hauv pem teb. Cov txheej txheem no yog nqa tawm thaum lub sij hawm hloov kho loj. Qhov no los nrog qee qhov kev sib tw.
Qhov kev poob qis ntawm cov txheej txheem ua tiav lub suab pov thawj yog tus nqi kho mob siab. Hauv qhov no, koj yuav tsum tau ua ntau yam yuav tsum tau ua ua ntu zus, uas tom qab ntawd ua rau txo qis hauv qhov chaw hauv chav. Yog li ntawd, tag nrho kev rho tawm yog technically ua tautsim tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ib chav dav dav nrog lub qab nthab qhov siab txaus.
Siv cov khoom siv rau lub hom phiaj ntawm cov phab ntsa tsis muaj suab nrov hauv ib chav tsev, nws yooj yim dua los tsim ib feem ntawm lub suab pov thawj ntawm koj tus kheej tes. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, txheej tiv thaiv tsuas yog tsim rau ntawm ib lossis ob phab ntsa lossis ntawm lub qab nthab. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau xav txog los ntawm sab twg lub suab nrov yog hnov. Nyob rau sab no, koj yuav tsum tau mount ib txheej ntawm suab rwb thaiv tsev. Qhov kev xaiv no yooj yim dua thiab pheej yig dua. Qhov chaw ntawm chav tsev kuj yuav txo qis me ntsis, tab sis tsawg dua thaum ua tiav tag nrho cov phab ntsa.
Thaum xaiv cov khoom siv niaj hnub rau cov phab ntsa hauv lub tsev, koj yuav tsum xaiv cov khoom tsim nyog. Cov tseem ceeb yog:
- Soundproofing peev xwm. Hauv qhov no, cov khoom siv yuav cuam tshuam lub suab nthwv dej, coj nws mus rau qhov sib txawv. Xws li kev sib cais muaj qhov loj loj. Hauv qhov no, qhov poob ntawm kev vibration thiab suab nthwv dej yuav loj.
- Sound absorption. Cov khoom muaj cov pores tshwj xeeb uas tsim cov channel hauv cov qauv. Rwb thaiv tsev nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no muaj ib tug fibrous qauv. Thaum lub suab nthwv dej dhau los ntawm nws, kev sib txhuam tshwm sim hauv cov channel. Qhov no txwv tsis pub muaj suab nrov hauv chav.
Ob hom khoom siv nquag siv thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa suab rwb thaiv tsev. Nws yog ntsia rau ntawm phab ntsa lossis hauv qab lub qab nthab. Soundproofing yog mounted sab nraum qhov chaw. Cov khoom siv yuav tsum tsis yog nplaim taws, nyab xeeb, thiab siv tau txaus.
Hom phab ntsa thiab pem teb
Cov khoom siv rau cov phab ntsa thiab qab nthab yuav tsum raug xaiv raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub tsev lossis chav tsev nws tus kheej. Tseem ceebxav txog seb lub tsev yog ua los ntawm. Txhua yam khoom siv los ntawm cov partitions, phab ntsa load-bearing thiab interfloor floors tau tsim muaj qee yam suab nrov-absorbing zog. Lawv siab dua, qhov nyias nyias thiab yooj yim dua cov rwb thaiv tsev tuaj yeem xaiv.
Lub suab nrov tshaj plaws yog xav tau rau vaj huam sib luag, cib ntsa, modular thiab thav duab tsev. Lawv ua suab nrov nrov dua, ua rau muaj kev tsis xis nyob rau cov neeg nyob ntawm no. Tab sis, xaiv cov ntaub ntawv rau cov phab ntsa soundproofing nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev ntoo, koj muaj peev xwm yuav cov thinnest thiab pheej yig ntau yam. Cov phab ntsa no yog lub suab tsis zoo.
Hauv cov tsev prefabricated, lub thickness ntawm cov phab ntsa thiab cov plag tsev yog yuav luag tib yam, yog li lub suab kis tau zoo tib yam quab yuam nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov lus qhia. Hauv cov tsev zoo li no nws yog qhov zoo dua los ua kom tiav lub suab rwb thaiv tsev. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis yog ib txwm ua tau hauv qhov chaw me me.
Rau lub tsev cib, ib nrab lub suab rwb thaiv tsev yuav txaus. Txawm li cas los xij, cov lus no muaj tseeb yog tias cov phab ntsa tuab. Yog tias qhov no tsis yog, koj yuav tsum xaiv cov ntaub ntawv tib yam li lub tsev vaj huam sib luag.
Monolithic-thav duab cov qauv yog hnyav heev, thaum cov phab ntsa muab faib feem ntau lub teeb. Qhov no feature yog ib txwm siv rau cov tsev ua los ntawm hollow cib, ua npuas ncauj pob zeb. Indirect suab nrov nyob rau hauv xws li vaj tse yog siab dua. Cov tsev thav duab xav tau tib lub suab rwb thaiv tsev zoo li vaj huam sib luag tsev.
Sound absorption coefficient
Nws tsim nyog xav txog ntau yam ntawm cov yam ntxwv thaum xaiv cov khoom siv niaj hnub rau cov phab ntsa tsis zoo hauv chav tsev. Nyiasntau yam yog qee zaum muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo dua li cov nplooj ntawv tuab. Qhov no yog vim tus nqi sib txawv ntawm lub suab nqus coefficient. Qhov siab dua nws yog, qhov siab dua qhov soundproofing zoo ntawm cov khoom. Cov coefficient tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm 1 txog 0.
Ntawm qhov ntsuas no, lub cib lub peev xwm los nkaum lub suab nrov tsuas yog 0.04, thiab ntoo ntuj - 0.15. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob hnov cov suab nrov los ntawm cov tsev nyob sib ze, koj yuav tsum xaiv cov khoom siv nrog yoj nqus coefficient ntawm 0.5 thiab saum toj no.
Txhawm rau txhim kho cov khoom siv rau cov phab ntsa tsis muaj suab nrov hauv chav tsev nrog koj tus kheej tes, koj yuav tsum tau teeb tsa ib qho ntxiv:
- Frame. Ib tug hlau profile qauv yog mounted rau saum npoo ntawm phab ntsa los yog qab nthab. Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj suab tau muab tso rau hauv lub thav duab no. Los ntawm saum toj no lawv yog sewn nrog drywall los yog lwm yam panels.
- ncab qab nthab. Txhawm rau txhim kho cov khoom xaiv ntawm lub qab nthab interfloor, koj tuaj yeem mount lub qab nthab. Hauv qhov no, lub qab nthab qhov siab yuav raug txo tsawg. Lub canvas tuaj yeem ua los ntawm PVC lossis ntaub tshwj xeeb. Synthetic stretch ceilings yog haum rau chav ntub dej. Lawv kuj tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau hauv yuav luag txhua chav. Fabric canvases yog tsim rau chav qhuav. Nthuav lub qab nthab yog mounted rau tshwj xeeb rails nyob ib ncig ntawm lub perimeter ntawm chav tsev siv brackets.
- Frameless soundproofing ntawm phab ntsa hauv chav tsev. Cov ntaub ntawv niaj hnub tso cai rau tsis txhob siv cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa. ATNyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub chav tsev yog txo tsawg, uas yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj tseeb rau cov chav me me. Cov khoom siv insulating yog mounted yooj yim ntawm cov kua nplaum. Qhov no yog ib qho yooj yim installation txoj kev uas yuav tsum tau siv cov feem ntau niaj hnub, nyias ntau yam ntawm suab rwb thaiv tsev. Lub suab nrov nqus coefficient ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no yog siab tshaj.
Classic xaiv thiab tshuaj xyuas txog lawv
Muaj ntau yam khoom siv niaj hnub no rau cov phab ntsa tsis muaj suab nrov hauv chav tsev lossis tsev muag khoom. Lawv tuaj yeem ua classic, uas cov neeg tsim khoom tau siv ua ntej, nrog rau tshiab, tsuas yog tau txais koob meej.
Ib qho ntawm cov kev xaiv classic tshaj plaws rau kev tsim lub suab rwb thaiv tsev hauv tsev lossis chav tsev yog cov ntaub plaub ntxhia. Nws yog ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg, tsis-flammable khoom. Nws ua tau raws li txhua qhov kev xav tau kev nyab xeeb. Txawm tias nyob rau qhov kub siab, cov ntaub plaub ntxhia tsis tso cov tshuaj lom rau hauv ib puag ncig.
Yog tias qhov kev xaiv poob rau ntawm cov khoom siv suab nrov no, nws tsim nyog yuav cov rwb thaiv tsev hauv cov slabs. Qhov ntom ntawm cov ntxhia wool ntawm hom no yog siab dua li ntawm cov yob ntau yam, yog li shrinkage yuav tsis zoo li. Lub thickness ntawm daim hlau yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg yog 5 cm. Raws li kev txheeb xyuas, qhov no yog cov khoom siv zoo uas tiv taus cov dej num uas tau muab rau nws. Txawm li cas los xij, nws txo qis qhov chaw hauv chav. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, txhua phab ntsa thiab qab nthab yuav los ze zog los ntawm 15 cm. Mineral wool tsis haum rau me me chav.
Xaiv qhov twgcov ntaub ntawv rau soundproofing phab ntsa nyob rau hauv ib chav tsev yog haum rau kho, koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau polyurethane ua npuas ncauj. Qhov no yog ib qho kev xaiv kim heev uas tuaj yeem haum snugly rau saum npoo ntawm lub hauv paus. Yog li ntawd, nws muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv lub tsev los ntawm kev nkag mus ntawm ob qho tib si hauv huab cua thiab lub suab nrov. Thaum muaj hluav taws kub, cov khoom no tso cov tshuaj lom mus rau hauv ib puag ncig, uas yog nws qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb.
Daim kab xev rau tus kheej tuaj yeem siv rau lub hom phiaj zoo sib xws. Qhov no yog cov khoom siv ib puag ncig, uas, raws li kev txheeb xyuas, ua nws txoj haujlwm zoo. Nws qhov tsis zoo yog qhov loj tuab.
Cov kev xaiv classic kuj suav nrog kev siv ua npuas ncauj thiab polystyrene ua npuas ncauj. Cov no yog cov khoom siv hluavtaws uas nqus cov suab nrov zoo. Lawv qhov tsis zoo yog qhov muaj peev xwm hlawv thiab tso cov tshuaj lom. Qhov kom zoo dua yog tus nqi qis.
Txhua cov ntaub ntawv classic muaj qhov tuab tuab. Yog li ntawd, lawv yog mounted mas nyob rau hauv dav chav. Rau cov chav me me, cov tswv yim tshiab los ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev yuav tsum raug txiav txim siab.
Cov ntaub ntawv nyias nyias
Thaum xaiv cov khoom siv twg yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cov phab ntsa tsis zoo, nws tsim nyog xav txog ntau qhov kev muab niaj hnub no ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Lawv muaj lub thickness me me, piv nrog cov kev xaiv classic. Qhov luaj li cas ntawm chav nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no xyaum tsis hloov.
Yog tias nws yuav tsum tsis txhob tshem tawm cov suab nrov hauv chav, tab sistsuas yog ib feem txo nws, ib qho tshwj xeeb nyias substrate yog siv. Nws thickness tsuas yog 5 hli. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov khoom siv tau tuaj yeem txo cov suab nrov siv los ntawm 30%. Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias qhov tseeb qhov no yog nyias-daim ntawv polystyrene ua npuas ncauj. Cov khoom yog hluavtaws, combustible, emits pa phem thaum rhuab. Nws yog deb ntawm ib txwm pom zoo kom nruab cov khoom siv hauv tsev.
Ib qho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv zoo tshaj plaws uas tuaj yeem txo cov suab nrov hauv chav tsev yog cork. Qhov no yog cov khoom siv ntuj tsim. Nws kuj ua haujlwm ntawm rwb thaiv tsev, soundproofing. Cork cov nplooj ntawv tsuas yog txo qhov kev siv ntawm cov qauv ua suab nrov. Yog hais tias lub thickness ntawm cork tsis ntau tshaj 10 hli, nws yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv ob peb txheej. Zoo txo cov suab nrov nrog lub thickness tsawg kawg yog 3 cm. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lub suab nrov yuav txo los ntawm 30 dB.
Thaum xaiv cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj suab nrov rau cov phab ntsa ntawm chav tsev, koj yuav tsum xyuam xim rau cov suab nrov. Nws lub npe thib ob yog loaded vinyl. Lub thickness ntawm cov khoom no tsuas yog 2.5 hli. Nws tso cai rau koj los tsim cov suab nrov zoo hauv tsev ua los ntawm cov khoom sib txawv.
Tsis tas li, raws li cov neeg tsim khoom, cov khoom siv tsis muaj suab nrov zoo heev. Lawv yog elastic, muaj ib tug tuab ntawm txog li 4 mm. Lub membrane qhia lub suab rov qab, tsis txhob cia nws mus rau hauv chav tsev. Mounting xws li suab rwb thaiv tsev yog ib qho yooj yim. Ua ntej, ib qho tshwj xeeb crate yog mounted rau ntawm daim nyias nyias. Nws yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv ib qho. Yog tias qhov no tsis tuaj yeem ua tau, cov khoom ntawm cov pob qij txha yog overlapped, thiab ces glued nrog daim kab xev. Lub membrane yog stretched thaum lub sij hawm installation.
Qhia txogmanufacturers
Cov khoom siv rau cov phab ntsa soundproof hnub no yog tsim los ntawm ntau lub tuam txhab. Cov khoom lag luam ntawm qee lub npe yog xav tau hauv peb lub tebchaws.
Green Glu mastic yog cov khoom nrov ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom hauv tsev. Phab ntsa thiab qab nthab yog them nrog nws, thiab nws kuj yog siv los ntawm cov nplooj ntawv ntawm phab ntsa ntub dej. Mastic zoo absorbs suab nrov thiab muag hauv cov hlab ntawm 828 ml muaj peev xwm. Nrog rau tus qauv siv cov khoom siv, lawv tswj kom npog kwv yees li 1.3-1.5 m² ntawm lub hauv paus.
Texound feem ntau yog siv rau hauv pem teb, qab nthab thiab phab ntsa. Qhov kev rwb thaiv tsev no tiv thaiv cov suab nrov nrov los ntawm kev nkag mus hauv chav. Qhov no yog ib daim nyias nyias uas hnyav hnyav heev. Nws yog tsim los ntawm cov ntxhia hauv paus. Lub membrane yog 3.7mm tuab thiab txo suab nrov los ntawm 28dB.
Cov chaw tsim khoom hauv tsev Shumanet-BM muab cov ntaub pua plag bas alt rau lub khw. Kev cais tawm suab nrov ntawm hom no yog tsim rau kev teeb tsa ntawm lub qab nthab, phab ntsa. Lub suab nqus coefficient ntawm cov khoom no yog cov ntaub ntawv 0.9 units. Qhov no yog ib daim duab siab heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog xav tias lub thickness ntawm panels tsuas yog 5 hli.
Mounting Features
Cov khoom siv rau cov phab ntsa soundproofing yuav tsum raug ntsia kom raug. Ua li no, nyeem cov chaw tsim khoom cov lus qhia. Lub hauv paus yuav tsum tau npaj kom zoo. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom tshem tawm cov khoom qub qub los ntawm qhov chaw, cov kab nrib pleb thiab lwm yam tsis xws luag raug kaw nrog putty.
Thaum txheej txheej dries, nto yog primed. Soundproofing ntsia rau ntawm cov kua nplaumlos yog wireframe. Tom qab ntawd, qhov saum npoo yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav. Cov txheej txheem kev teeb tsa nws txawv txav raws li hom khoom xaiv.
Frame method
Cov khoom siv rau cov phab ntsa tsis muaj suab nrov feem ntau tau muab tso rau hauv ib txoj hauv kev. Rau qhov no, hlau profiles yog muas. Ib qho qauv peb-dimensional yog tsim, nruab nrab ntawm cov ntsia hlau uas muaj suab nrov-insulating cov ntaub ntawv tau nteg.
Hlau profiles raug ntsia rau ntawm lub hauv paus npaj. Ib daim kab xev tshwj xeeb yog muab tso rau nruab nrab ntawm lawv thiab lub qab nthab lossis phab ntsa. Nws yuav tsis tso cov txuas hniav los ntawm cov suab yuav nkag mus rau hauv chav.
Ntxiv mus, ib txheej ntawm cov pob zeb hauv av lossis lwm yam khoom tsim nyog tau muab tso rau nruab nrab ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Lawv feem ntau yog kho nrog dowels-umbrellas. Nws yog qhov tsis tsim nyog los tawm qhov sib txawv ntawm lub suab rwb thaiv tsev.
Txoj kev tsis sib haum
Nws yog qhov ua tau los ua qhov tsis muaj suab nrov ntawm cov phab ntsa hauv chav tsev nrog kev pab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv niaj hnub. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los xaiv ntau yam tuab ntawm daim hlau rau cov laj thawj no. Qhov saum npoo ntawm lub hauv paus yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo npaj. Nws yuav tsum tsis muaj qhov qub tiav thiab qhov tsis xws luag.
Daim phiaj yog nplaum nrog cov sib txuas tshwj xeeb rau saum lub qab nthab lossis phab ntsa. Cov nplaum yuav tsum sib haum nrog cov khoom uas tau xaiv. Daim phiaj raug pom zoo kom ntxiv dag zog nrog anchors. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, cov khoom yuav luag guaranteed tsis tev tawm ntawm qhov chaw.
Cov pob qij txha tshwm nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov phiaj. Lawv yuav tsum tau kho nrog mounting ua npuas ncauj. Haum rau qhov no thiabtxhua yam sealant sib haum nrog cov khoom. Tom qab hardening, cov khoom tshaj yog txiav tawm nrog ib tug riam. Cov pob qij txha yog ntxiv insulated nrog ib daim kab xev tshwj xeeb. Tom ntej no, txheej txheej tiav yog mounted, kho kom zoo nkauj tiav.
