Kev tsim tsev nrog ntau theem yog ib qho kev coj ua tsis yog hauv ntu ntawm cov tuam txhab loj uas koom nrog kev tsim vaj tsev ntau lub tsev, tab sis kuj yog kev tsim vaj tsev ntiag tug. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thib ob, cov tswv kuj nrhiav kom nyem qhov txiaj ntsig siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub tsev thiab hauv qab daus. Tab sis kev tsim kho zoo thiab ruaj khov ntawm cov tsev zoo li no tsis tuaj yeem ua tsis tau yog tias tsis muaj cov txheej txheem tsim nyog thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm cov plag tsev. Cov cuab yeej ntawm lub caij no tuaj yeem sib txawv - nyob ntawm seb cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb rau kev tsim kho thiab kev ua haujlwm, kev xaiv tsim qauv zoo nrog qee qhov ntev thiab cov khoom tiv thaiv raug xaiv.
Cov ntaub ntawv dav dav txog kev sib tshooj hauv av
Hauv kev tsim kho, siv ntau hom plag tsev, suav nrog hauv qab daus, qab nthab,qab nthab, thiab lwm yam. Interfloor ceilings tsis yog ib txwm siv, tab sis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv tej yaam num uas nws yog npaj los tsim ib lub tsev ntawm tsawg kawg yog ob plag tsev. Txawm li cas los xij, cov qib sib cais yuav tsum muaj kev ruaj ntseg los ntawm kev thauj khoom thiab sawv cev rau qhov chaw sib cais tag nrho. Raws li txoj cai, interfloor floor slabs ntawm ib hom ntawv yog siv rau cov haujlwm zoo li no. Cov txheej txheem rau kev tsim cov phaj zoo li no pab txhawb lawv cov kev teeb tsa, tso cai rau lawv kom haum rau cov qauv tsim ntawm cov tsev nyob thiab cov tsev tsis nyob. Yog tias peb tham txog cov haujlwm sib tshooj, ces muaj ob peb ntawm lawv. Ua ntej, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog cov txheej txheem uas ua haujlwm ntawm kev faib qhov chaw thiab tau txais cov khoom thauj los ntawm lub tsev sab saud. Qhov thib ob, muaj tag nrho cov npe ntawm insulating functions uas yuav ua tau nyob rau hauv lub thermal, suab nrov, lom thiab lwm yam kev tiv thaiv sib txawv ntawm txawv theem ntawm lub tsev.
monolithic pob zeb slabs
Ib qho ntawm cov qauv kev daws teeb meem tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia rau kev teeb tsa cov plag tsev hauv ntau lub tsev, thiab tsis ntev los no optimized versions ntawm cam khwb cia-hauv-situ cov ntsiab lus tau siv rau hauv kev lag luam thiab kev tsim vaj tsev ntiag tug.
Los ntawm qhov pom ntawm cov cuab yeej siv, cov pa hauv pem teb slabs (PB) ntawm hom no tau ntxiv dag zog, uas yog, cov pob zeb muaj zog ntxiv nrog lub thickness ntawm 5-10 cm, ntev ntawm 200 txog 270 cm thiab qhov dav ntawm 80-200 cm. qhov tseem ceeb, khoob niches tuaj yeem muab rau hauv cov qauv ntawm cov phiaj xwm - raws li txoj cai, cylindrical kab noj hniav nkag mus rau txhua qhov.sib tshooj hauv qhov ntev. Cov cuab yeej tsim khoom siv rau kev tsim cov formwork, uas yog nchuav nrog cov pob zeb sib xyaw (nrog M400 cement) thiab tom qab ntawd ntxiv nrog cov hlau rods nyob rau hauv ntau configurations.
Ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm monolithic pob zeb slabs nrog kev txhawb nqa, ib qho loj loj tau sau tseg, uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau yam kev thauj mus los thiab kev teeb tsa, tsis hais qhov yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo xam cov peev txheej ntawm lub tsev thav duab. Qhov tseeb, vim li no, cov khoom siv tau siv nyob rau theem ntawm kev nchuav thiab kho cov pob zeb loj. Ntawm qhov tod tes, kev npaj ntawm cov plag tsev raws li cov pob zeb ua kom muaj kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov qauv, thiab tseem ua rau nws muaj peev xwm dispense nrog cov jumpers tshwj xeeb thiab cov kev hloov pauv los txhawb cov cab kuj. Tab sis cov ntsiab lus no yog kim, thiab rau cov laj thawj technical lawv tsis tuaj yeem siv hauv txhua qhov project, uas yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb rau cov tsev ntiav.
Prefabricated-monolithic pem teb
Ntau cov thev naus laus zis thiab kev ua haujlwm tsim ntawm cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog ntxiv nrog cov qauv khoom. Nws qhov sib txawv nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb hais tias cov qauv yog sib sau ua ke ntawm qhov chaw los ntawm ob peb lub Cheebtsam nrog txawv hauj lwm. Ib qho cuab yeej sib tshooj ib txwm muaj xws li cov qauv muab rau cov hauv qab no:
- Txhawb nqa kab. Tshwj xeeb zoo li tus hlau fais fab Cheebtsam uas tsim niches rau nteg lub ntsiab filling ntawm slab. Beams zoo li stiffeners, ua haujlwm ntawm delimiting thiab ntxiv dag zog rau cov qauv. Nws tuaj yeem hais tias qhov no yog lub cev pob txha muaj zog ntawm lub qab nthab.
- Insert block. Talub hauv paus heev-filler, uas tsim txog 60-70% ntawm cov qauv sib tshooj. Qhov kev thaiv no yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov ntaub ntawv lossis ua npuas dej thiab ua npuas dej thiab tuaj yeem ua cov haujlwm thiab insulating. Raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm tes, nws muab tso rau hauv niches tsim los ntawm kab teeb.
- pob zeb vaj. Raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tsim ib tug screed, ib hom ntawm lub plhaub ntawm pob zeb pavement yog nteg, kaw tag nrho cov pob qij txha thiab seams ntawm lub assembled slab.
- Txhim lub tawb. Ua ke nrog cov pob zeb screed, kev txhawb nqa yog ua, cov ntsiab lus uas tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv qhov khoob ntawm qhov thaiv thaiv hauv ntau qhov kev teeb tsa.
Ntawm thev naus laus zis ntawm prefabricated monolithic slabs ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsim lub qab nthab uas muaj zog thiab ruaj khov yam tsis muaj nqi siab rau kev thauj mus los thiab nqa cov khoom, cov load uas suav nrog hauv thaj tsam ntawm 500-600 kg / m2. Ib zaug ntxiv, ntau tus neeg siv khoom muaj peev xwm yuav tsis meej pem los ntawm tus nqi teeb meem, vim tias ob qho tib si cov khoom siv thiab cov cuab yeej sib dhos yuav raug nqi ntau, tab sis hais txog kev ua tau zoo, qhov no yog ib qho kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws hauv lub niche.
Timber floors
Ntoo niaj hnub no tuav txoj haujlwm muaj zog hauv kev ua lag luam raws li cov khoom siv hauv tsev nrog kev sib xyaw tshwj xeeb ntawm cov yam ntxwv thiab cov khoom. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, cov khoom no muaj nuj nqis rau nws ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg, yooj yim thiab yooj yim ntawm installation. Obviously, cov txheej txheem no yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim nyog nyob rau theem ntawm kev tsim kho hauv pem teb.
Qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws thev naus laus zis rau kev txhim kho cov ntoo hauv pem teb ntawm cov plag tsev hauv ib lub tsev ntiag tug suav nrog kev siv cov kab teebtxog 70-80 mm tuab, muab tub lim thiab sheathing. Ntawd yog, cov pobzeb txheej yog sib sau ua ke raws li tib lub hauv paus ntsiab lus raws li cov khoom sib dhos-monolithic, tab sis los ntawm lwm cov ntaub ntawv. Lub ntsiab xim yog muab rau cov kab teeb, uas yuav dais lub ntsiab load. Los ntawm txoj kev, nws tsis yog yuav tsum tau nrhiav ib lub rooj tsavxwm ntawm ib hom ntawv loj - cov kws tshaj lij txawm pom zoo kom siv cov cuab yeej ua ke ntawm ob lub rooj tsavxwm, tsim ib qho thaiv.
Raws li rau qhov muab tub lim ntawm slab thiab sheathing, nyob rau hauv qhov no qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yog ntau wider. Ua ntej, hais txog qhov muab tub lim, kev teeb tsa ntawm cov plag tsev hauv cov tsev ntoo feem ntau siv nrog cov rwb thaiv tsev - piv txwv li, cov ntaub pua plag los yog cov khoom siv ntau. Nyob rau hauv xws li cov tsev, lub hwj chim tsis kam ntawm hauv pem teb yog tsis nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw, thiab stringent yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv thermal rwb thaiv tsev nyob rau hauv lub txias cheeb tsam. Qhov thib ob, yog tias peb tab tom tham txog pob zeb, vaj huam sib luag lossis cov khoom cib, tom qab ntawd qhov chaw sab hauv tuaj yeem muab kev sib txuas lus shafts rau nteg cov kav dej, txoj hauv kev cable thiab lwm yam engineering network, yog tias tsim tau tso cai.
Nyob rau hauv kev xaiv ntawm cladding, xim yog kos rau ntau yam ntawm chipboard panels. Piv txwv li, cov no tuaj yeem yog cov ntawv plywood, chipboard, MDF thiab lwm yam khoom uas muaj cov npoo txaus ntawm kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ntseeg tau ntawm cov qauv. Lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev xaiv cov tawv nqaij zoo li no yog kev phooj ywg ib puag ncig. Qhov tseeb yog tias cov khoom nplaum nyob rau hauv tib lub chipboard thiab MDF tsis tas yuav ua tau raws li cov khoom siv,siv hauv thaj chaw nyob.
Cov npog raws li SIP panels
Txhim kho cov txheej txheem ntawm kev siv vaj huam sib luag ntoo. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tshuaj no suav nrog ob lub ntsiab lus:
- I-nqaj siv los ua kab teeb. Qhov no yog ib qho kev txhawb zog, uas yog sib sau ua ke los ntawm ib qho nruab nrab chipboard tav thiab ob lub tuav, uas yog superimposed ntawm no tav los ntawm saum toj thiab hauv qab los ntawm kev koom nrog hauv cov pob qij txha grooved. Qhov tshwm sim yog ib qho yooj yim tsis tau compact thiab lub teeb yuag structural beam.
- Ntau I-nqaj saum toj thiab hauv qab yog npog nrog OSB cov ntawv, kuj tsim qhov chaw khoob hauv qab nthab. Ntxiv mus, rau cov laj thawj zoo li no, kev hloov kho tshwj xeeb ntawm ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg nplooj ntawv nrog lub thickness ntawm li 20 hli nrog rau kom meej meej calibrated geometry yog siv. Qhov zoo ntawm qhov kev npaj no yog pov thawj los ntawm qhov tseeb tias cov ntoo ua tiav ntawm cov plag tsev hauv ib lub tsev ntiag tug uas ua los ntawm SIP panels tsis xav tau kev kho kom zoo ntxiv ua ntej ua haujlwm zoo nkauj thiab ua tiav. Vuas, linoleum, laminate, thiab lwm yam tuaj yeem tso ncaj qha rau ntawm lub hauv paus tiav.
Means of reinforcing floors
Kho cov kabmob muaj peev xwm ntsuas tau feem ntau yuav tsum tau siv thaum siv cov ntoo thiab lub teeb yuag cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los daws cov teeb meem zoo li no - suav nrog kev txhawb nqa, kev siv cov khoom siv zoo (cov hlua khi, cov thauj tog rau nkoj, dowels, cov ces kaum), kev teeb tsa cov khoom siv, thiab lwm yam. Tab sis yog tias tsis txaus cov cab kujpeev xwm tau txheeb xyuas twb tau thaum lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv dynamic loads, ces lub peev xwm ntawm tus tswv yuav raug txwv nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev hloov tsim. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tshwj xeeb cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum tau, uas yog nkag mus rau hauv lub hauv pem teb ntaus ntawv yam tsis muaj kev hloov pauv hauv nws cov qauv. Cov khoom siv no suav nrog cov hlua hlau, cov ntaub qhwv thiab cov hlua khi rau kev txhawb nqa nrog kev txhawb nqa. Kev txhim kho yog nqa tawm raws li qhov contours ntawm phab ntsa ntawm cov ntsiab lus txhim khu kev qha siv tib yam khoom siv kho vajtse. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txhawm rau ua kom lub zog khoov ntawm cov kab ntoo, nws raug nquahu kom siv ob peb nqaim overlay tuav. Lawv raug tshem tawm los ntawm ob sab ntawm stiffeners nyob rau hauv lub puab niche ntawm lub qab nthab. Qhov kev txhawb nqa no tuaj yeem ua tiav rau txhua kab teeb, uas yuav sib npaug faib cov khoom thauj.
Txoj hauv pem teb hauv tsev peb-zaj
Hauv kev tsim vaj tsev ntiag tug, cov phiaj xwm ntawm cov khoom peb-zaj dab neeg yeej ib txwm overgrown nrog cov kev txwv ntxiv cuam tshuam nrog kev nce hauv lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov khoom thauj khoom. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, cov kev txwv nruj txwv tsis pub hla cov txheej txheem sib tshooj. Qhov kev txwv tseem ceeb hauv ntu no cuam tshuam txog kev siv cov pob zeb ua pob zeb monolithic thiab cov kab teeb ci ntsa iab, nyob rau hauv cov kabmob puag ntawm cov nqaj hlau siv. Dab tsi hauv pem teb raug tso cai nyob rau hauv peb-storey tsev ntiav? Qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws yuav yog prefabricated SIP-slab nyob rau hauv ib qho kev txhawb zog. Qhov chaw pub dawb nrog I-beams yuav tsum tau ua tiav tag nrho rau cov dej num ntawm kev ntxiv dag zog nrog cov ntawv nyias nyias thiab cov txheej txheem,txuas lub qab nthab rau phab ntsa. Thaum lub sij hawm tsim thiab installation txheej txheem, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom muaj kev sib npaug ntawm lub tsev lub zog thiab txwv nws qhov hnyav, vim tias qhov hnyav hnyav tuaj yeem dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb rau tus ncej ntawm lub tsev.
Thermal rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov plag tsev
Los ntawm qhov pom ntawm rwb thaiv tsev, cov plag tsev yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv. Ntawm chav kawm, lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub insulator nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no tsis yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev piv rau lub qab nthab slabs, tab sis nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ua rau kom muaj kev nplij siab ntawm lub microclimate, cov cib fim no yuav tsum tau siv. Yuav luag tib txoj kev xaiv rau hauv pem teb rwb thaiv tsev nyob rau hauv qhov chaw no yuav tsum tau sau lub internal qhov chaw ntawm prefabricated lug. Raws li twb tau hais lawm, cov pob zeb hauv av fiber ntau tuaj yeem siv tau, nrog rau ntau yam npog ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb, zoo li xav. Ua ke nrog cov hluav taws kub insulators, nws raug nquahu kom nteg cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tiv thaiv hluav taws. Txau cov txheej txheej txheej txheej yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau qhov no - hluav taws kub-resistant plasters, coatings thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv nrog huab cua.
rwb thaiv tsev ntawm lub tsev pheeb suab
In complex thermal rwb thaiv tsev, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau muab kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub Uppermost pem teb, uas conditionally cais cov nyob quarters ntawm lub qab nthab los yog attic. Nws nyob ntawm no tias muaj ntau tus choj txias txias uas cuam tshuam rau kev tswj hwm kub. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev rwb thaiv tsev ntawm lub tsev nyob hauv pem teb muaj xws li kev siv ntau yam khoom siv. Nyob rau hauv no muaj peev xwm, sawdust, nthuav av nplaum, tej perlite thiab polystyrene granules yog optimally suited. Backfilling yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub qab nthab niche,lub puab nto ntawm uas yav tas los tiv thaiv los ntawm hydro thiab vapor barriers. Qhov kev daws teeb meem no kuj tsim nyog rau cov neeg uas npaj yuav teeb tsa lub tshav kub-insulating barrier yam tsis muaj overloading lub qab nthab. Tshwj tsis yog cov av nplaum nthuav dav hauv ib txheej loj tuaj yeem ua rau pom qhov hnyav nce, tab sis polystyrene lossis qhuav sawdust tuaj yeem siv tau zoo txawm tias nyob hauv cov qauv tsis muaj zog. Ib zaug ntxiv, tsis txhob hnov qab txog kev tiv thaiv hluav taws kom raug.
Zoo kawg
Lub tsev hauv pem teb - ib qho ntawm cov qauv tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsev. Qhov xwm txheej ntawm nws qhov kev siv yog nyob ntawm ntau yam, tab sis cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub ua rau nws muaj peev xwm nrhiav tau qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo hauv ntau qhov xwm txheej. Ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm hauv pem teb hauv tsev, muaj peev xwm txaus, tsis kam mus rau dynamic loads thiab kev ua raws li tus ncej yuav tsum tau qhia. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov thev naus laus zis tshiab tau nce qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov plag tsev. Cov cuab yeej no tuaj yeem qhia tau tias muaj peev xwm tso cov ntaub ntawv insulating thiab cov kab sib txuas ncaj qha rau hauv lub slab niche.
