Txhua lub staircase interfloor yuav tsum tsis yog tsuas yog ua kom zoo nkauj xwb, tab sis kuj muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab yooj yim rau tib neeg txav mus los. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tsim cov qauv zoo li no hauv lub tsev kom raug. Risers thiab treads, marches, stair railings yuav tsum ua tau raws li cov qauv.
ntau yam tseem ceeb
Muaj ob hom qauv zoo sib xws hauv cov tsev ntiag tug ob- thiab peb-zaj dab neeg: ntsia hlau thiab nruab nrab lub dav hlau. Yam kawg ntawm cov ntaiv muaj lub ntsej muag zoo thiab pom tau tias siv tau yooj yim dua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov qauv ntsia hlau siv qhov chaw tsawg dua hauv lub tsev. Lawv feem ntau yog ntsia rau hauv cov chav uas tsis loj heev.
Txawm li cas los xij, lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm txhua tus ntaiv yog cov kauj ruam. Thaum tsim qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov qauv nqa, feem ntau yog muab tshwj xeeb.
Dab tsi yog treads thiab risers
Cov kauj ruam ntawm cov ntaiv yuav tsum yog, ua ntej, tob txaus kom haum tus neeg ko taw. Qhov thib ob, lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob qis dhau lossis, qhov sib txawv, siab. Txwv tsis pub, cov ntaiv yuavtsis xis nyob thiab txaus ntshai. Cov kauj ruam muaj ob lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb:
- treads teem vertically;
- risers teem kab rov tav.
Thaum nce tus ntaiv, tus neeg ko taw zaum ncaj ntawm tus tread. Cov risers suav hais tias yog ib qho kev xaiv xaiv. Hauv kev tsim cov ntaiv, lawv feem ntau ua lub luag haujlwm zoo nkauj. Nrog lawv taug kev zoo li ruaj khov thiab nyab xeeb.
Qee zaum ntaiv tau nruab hauv tsev yam tsis muaj risers. Xws li cov qauv tsim yog pheej yig dua. Tab sis thaum tsim ib lub staircase tsis muaj risers, qhov siab tshaj plaws yuav tsum tau them rau nws cov qauv. Txwv tsis pub, tus qauv zoo li no yuav tsis zoo nkauj heev.
ntaiv qhov ntev. Safety Formula
Yuav ua li cas yuav tsum yog cov kauj ruam ntawm kev nqa tsev? Thaum tsim ib lub staircase, cov qauv kev nyab xeeb yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account thawj qhov chaw. Nws zoo li no:
2h + b=S(63 ± 3 cm).
Ntawm no h yog qhov siab ntawm tus riser, b yog qhov dav ntawm lub tread, S yog qhov ntev ntawm tus neeg kauj ruam. Qhov kawg parameter nruab nrab yog 63 cm. Yog li, nrog nce qhov siab ntawm riser h los ntawm 1 cm, qhov dav ntawm tread yuav tsum tau txo los ntawm 2 cm.
kauj ruam loj. Regulations
Raws li cov cai tau teev tseg los ntawm SNiP, txhawm rau kom cov ntaiv kom muaj kev nyab xeeb, qhov siab ntawm nws cov risers yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg dua 15 cm thiab ntau dua 18 cm. Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tread dav hauv qhov no yog 29- 30 cm.
Cov kev txwv no tau muab raulub ntsiab ntaiv hauv tsev. Thaum tsim cov cuab yeej txhawb nqa nqa (ntev thiab hauv qab daus), vim lawv tsis siv ntau zaus, cov kev cai nruj no feem ntau tsis ua raws. Tab sis txawm rau cov ntaiv no, qhov ntev thiab qhov siab ntawm cov kauj ruam yuav tsum ua raws li qee cov qauv.
Piv txwv li, qhov siab ntawm cov risers rau hauv qab daus thiab hauv qab nthab yuav tsum yog kwv yees li 17.1 cm. Qhov dav ntawm cov treads rau cov ntaiv ntawm hom no yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg dua 26 cm.
Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus qhov ntev (lub peb hlis ntuj dav) ntawm ib tug pa interfloor lifting qauv yog 90 cm. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, 2 tus neeg tuaj yeem tawg tawm ntawm tus ntaiv. Kev taug kev hauv qab daus thiab hauv qab daus tuaj yeem nqaim dua.
ntxhais staircases
Cov qauv saum toj no siv tau tsuas yog rau nruab nrab lub dav hlau ntaiv. Thaum tsim lawv cov risers thiab treads, koj yuav tsum tau ceev faj tshwj xeeb. Tib yam siv, ntawm chav kawm, rau kauv staircases. Hauv cov qauv ntawm hom no, risers feem ntau tsis muab txhua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov treads ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm ntau yam no muaj cov duab trapezoidal. Thaum tsim cov qauv ntsia hlau, cov qauv hauv qab no yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account:
- tread dav hauv nruab nrab yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg dua 20-25 cm;
- yam tsawg kawg tread dav ntawm qhov deb ntawm 15 cm ntawm ncej - 10 cm;
- ntawm ntug qhov deb tshaj plaws ntawm tus ncej, qhov dav ntawm lub tread yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 40 cm;
- riser qhov siab (nce qib) - 15-20 cm.
Qhov ntev ntev ntawm cov kauj ruam ntawm tus ntaiv kauv, nrog rautaug kev, suav hais tias yog 90 cm.
Tig angle
Cov kauj ruam nrog lawv cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb - risers thiab treads - yog li, yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txhua tus ntaiv. Yog tias lawv tau tsim kom raug, cov qauv nqa tuaj yeem pom tau tias xis nyob txaus kom txav mus los. Tab sis kev taug kev ntawm cov qauv no lawv tus kheej yuav tsum, ntawm chav kawm, muaj kev nyab xeeb. Lawv qhov dav yam tsawg kawg nkaus, raws li tau hais lawm, yog 90 cm. Thaum tsim cov ntaiv nruab nrab ntawm lub davhlau, lawv lub kaum sab xis ntawm qhov kev xav yuav tsum tau saib:
- rau tus qauv interfloor - 30-45 degrees;
- rau hauv qab, hauv qab daus thiab ib ntus - 45-75 degrees;
- rau porches - 30 degree;
- rau cov qauv sab - tshaj 75 degrees.
Tus lej ntawm cov kauj ruam thiab kev taug kev
Davhlau ntawm ntaiv yuav tsum tsis txhob luv lossis ntev. Nws tseem ntseeg tau tias nws yog qhov zoo tshaj yog tias tus lej ntawm cov kauj ruam hauv lawv yog khib. Tib neeg feem ntau nyiam pib thiab ua tiav nrog ib ko taw.
Txawm li cas los xij, txoj cai no yog xaiv tau. Cov ntaiv luv tshaj plaws feem ntau muaj 3 kauj ruam. Qhov ntev tshaj plaws marches muaj 18. Yog hais tias qhov ntev ntawm cov ntaiv tsis txaus, nws muab faib ua ob halves, nruab nrab ntawm lub platform yog teem.
Nws ntseeg tau tias qhov kev ncua deb ntawm kev taug kev ntawm kev tig cov txee hauv tsev yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg 5 cm.ntiv tes.
Lwm txoj cai
Thaum tsim cov staircases, cov qauv hauv qab no yuav tsum tau ua raws li:
- qhov siab zoo ntawm railing ntawm nqa cov qauv yog 90 cm;
- tes dav - 4cm;
- qhov dav ntawm txhua qhov kev ya davhlau ntawm ntaiv ntawm lub platform yuav tsum zoo ib yam dhau qhov siab ntawm qhov kawg.
Yog tias muaj kev nqa nqa rau cov neeg xiam oob khab hauv kev tsim cov ntaiv, qhov dav ntawm nws lub peb hlis ntuj yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg yog 1.5 m.
