Kev tsim ntawm lub tshuab hloov pauv yog qhov yooj yim. Nws muaj ib tug hlau core, ob coils nrog hlau winding. Ib winding yog hu ua thawj, qhov thib ob - thib ob. Cov tsos ntawm qhov sib txawv voltage (U1) thiab tam sim no (I1) nyob rau hauv thawj kauj tsim ib tug sib nqus flux nyob rau hauv nws cov tub ntxhais. Nws tsim ib qho EMF ncaj qha nyob rau hauv qhov thib ob winding, uas tsis txuas nrog lub voj voog thiab muaj lub zog sib npaug ntawm xoom.
Yog hais tias lub voj voog txuas thiab siv tau tshwm sim, qhov no ua rau muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm lub zog tam sim no hauv thawj kauj. Xws li cov qauv ntawm kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov windings piav qhia txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab kev faib tawm ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, uas suav nrog hauv kev suav ntawm transformers. Txij li thaum tag nrho cov lem ntawm ob kauj yog txuas nrog nyob rau hauv series, tag nrho cov nyhuv ntawm tag nrho cov EMF uas tshwm nyob rau hauv lub kawg ntawm lub cuab yeej yog tau.
Transformers tau sib sau ua ke hauv txoj hauv kev uas qhov hluav taws xob poob hauv qhov thib ob winding yog ib feem me me (txog 2 - 5%), uas tso cai rau peb xav tias U2 thiab EMF sib npaug ntawm nws qhov kawg. Tus naj npawb U2 yuav ntau dua / tsawg npaum li qhov sib txawv ntawm tus lej ntawm ob lub coils - n2 thiab n1.
Kev vam meejnruab nrab ntawm cov xov tooj ntawm cov hlau khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg yog hu ua transformation ratio. Nws yog txiav txim los ntawm cov mis (thiab yog denoted los ntawm tsab ntawv K), uas yog: K=n1 / n2=U1 / U2=I2 / I1. Feem ntau qhov ntsuas no zoo li qhov sib piv ntawm ob tus lej, piv txwv li 1: 45, uas qhia tau hais tias tus lej ntawm ib qho ntawm cov coils yog 45 npaug tsawg dua li ntawm lwm qhov. Qhov kev faib ua feem no pab hauv kev suav cov transformer tam sim no.
Electrotechnical cores yog tsim nyob rau hauv ob hom: W-shaped, armored, nrog ib tug ceg ntawm cov hlau nplaum flux rau hauv ob qhov chaw, thiab U-shaped - tsis muaj kev faib. Txhawm rau txo qhov kev poob qis, tus pas nrig tsis tau ua kom muaj zog, tab sis yog tsim los ntawm nyias txheej nyias ntawm cov hlau, insulated los ntawm ib leeg nrog ntawv. Qhov ntau tshaj plaws yog hom cylindrical: thawj winding yog siv rau lub thav duab, ces cov khoom ntawm daim ntawv yog mounted, thiab ib tug thib ob txheej ntawm hlau yog mob nyob rau saum toj no.
Xaiv ntawm lub tshuab hloov pauv tuaj yeem ua rau qee qhov teeb meem, tab sis cov qauv yooj yim hauv qab no yuav los rau kev pab los ntawm tus kws tsim qauv tsim. Nws yog thawj zaug uas yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab theem ntawm voltages thiab tam sim no tus kheej rau txhua kauj. Lub zog ntawm txhua tus yog xam: P2=I2U2; P3=I3U3; P4=I4U4, qhov twg P2, P3, P4 yog powers (W) nce los ntawm windings; I2, I3, I4 - tam sim no muaj zog (A); U2, U3, U4 - voltages (V).
txhawm rau tsim kom muaj tag nrho lub zog (P) hauv kev suav ntawm lub tshuab hloov pauv, koj yuav tsum nkag mus rau cov lej ntawm cov ntsuas ntawm tus kheej windings, thiab tom qab ntawd muab faib los ntawm qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm 1.25, uas suav nrog kev poob: P=1.25(P2+P3+P4+…). Los ntawm txoj kev,tus nqi ntawm P yuav pab xam qhov hla ntawm cov tub ntxhais (hauv sq.cm): Q \u003d 1.2luv square P
Tom qab ntawd ua raws cov txheej txheem rau kev txiav txim siab tus lej n0 rau 1 volt raws li tus qauv: n0=50 / Q. Yog li ntawd, tus naj npawb ntawm cov lem ntawm cov coils tau pom tawm. Rau thawj tus, coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov voltage poob hauv transformer, nws yuav muab sib npaug rau: N1=0.97n0U1Rau tus so: N2=1.3n0U2; n2=1.3n0U3… Txoj kab uas hla ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib ntawm ib qho winding tuaj yeem xam los ntawm tus qauv: d=0.7luv square 1 qhov kuv yog lub zog tam sim no (A), d yog txoj kab uas hla (mm).
Transformer xam tso cai rau koj kom pom lub zog tam sim no los ntawm tag nrho lub zog: I1=P / U1. Qhov luaj li cas ntawm daim hlau hauv lub hauv paus tseem tsis paub. Txhawm rau pom nws, nws yuav tsum suav qhov chaw winding hauv lub qhov rais tseem ceeb: Sm=4(d1(sq.)n1+d2(sq.)n2+d3(sq.)n3+…), qhov twg Sm yog thaj tsam (hauv sq. mm), tag nrho cov windings nyob rau hauv lub qhov rais; d1, d2, d3 thiab d4 - hlau diameters (mm); n1, n2, n3 thiab n4 yog tus lej hloov. Siv cov qauv no, lub winding unevenness, lub thickness ntawm cov hlau rwb thaiv tsev, qhov chaw nyob ntawm lub thav duab nyob rau hauv qhov sib txawv ntawm lub qhov rais tub ntxhais yog piav. Raws li cheeb tsam tau txais, ib lub phaj tshwj xeeb yog xaiv rau qhov chaw pub dawb ntawm lub kauj hauv nws lub qhov rais. Thiab qhov kawg koj yuav tsum paub yog lub thickness ntawm cov tub ntxhais txheej (b), uas yog tau los ntawm cov mis: b \u003d (100Q) / a, qhov twg a yog qhov dav ntawm nruab nrab phaj (hauv mm); Q-in sq. pom Qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws hauv txoj kev no yog xam cov transformer (qhov no yog kev tshawb nrhiav rau lub pas nrig nrog qhov loj me).
