IT-cov kws tshaj lij hais tias kev ua lag luam ntawm cov tsev "ntseeg" hauv tebchaws Russia yuav tsis dhau los ua loj thiab nyob rau kaum xyoo tom ntej no yuav tsis zoo li mus dhau lub tsev neeg tseem ceeb hauv cheeb tsam Moscow. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, ib feem me me ntawm cov pej xeem nrog cov nyiaj tau los siab hauv cheeb tsam yuav dhau los ua cov neeg siv khoom lag luam, tab sis rau cov neeg coob coob, "smart home" yuav nyob twj ywm muaj yeeb yuj duab ntawm nplooj ntawv tabloids thiab Internet peev txheej. Puas yog li ntawd? Twb tau, cov infrastructure ntawm lub tsev ntawm ib tug dog dig inhabitants yog ib tug complex ua ke ntawm ntau yam engineering systems. Tus qauv X10 yuav pab ua ke rau hauv ib lub network yam tsis muaj nqi thoob ntiaj teb.
Smart home nta
Feem ntau thiab yooj yim muaj nuj nqi yog tswj teeb pom kev zoo. Lub kaw lus ntse tso cai rau koj los tswj xyuas txhua qhov teeb pom kev zoo. Tsis tau sawv, koj tuaj yeem qhib lossis tawm teeb pom kev hauv txhua chav lossis thoob plaws hauv tsev ib zaug, kho qhov ci ntsa iab hmo ntuj ntawm txoj kev hauv tsev, teeb pom kev zoo. "Smart home", suav nrog lub teeb hauv qhov sib txawvqhov chaw raws li ib tug tej algorithm, yuav hem tawm intruders, simulating lub xub ntiag ntawm cov tswv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lawv ncaim.
Kev tswj tsis siv neeg yuav tswj xyuas qhov ntsuas kub hauv chav, tswj cov khoom siv cua sov lossis cua txias thiab cua tshuab. Lub tsev ntse tuaj yeem tswj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab kev nyab xeeb thiab, thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev, xa ntawv ceeb toom rau tus tswv lub xov tooj lossis cov qauv tsim los ntawm lub suab lossis SMS.
Nws pib ua li cas
X10 yog ib qho ntawm thawj cov qauv kev lag luam qhib tsim rau hauv tsev automation systems los ntawm Pico Electronics (Glenrothes, Scotland) hauv xyoo 1975. Thaum pib, lub tuam txhab tau koom nrog kev tsim thiab tsim cov microcircuits thiab tshuab xam zauv. Thawj qhov kev paub txog kev nthuav dav ntawm kev tsim khoom tau zoo heev hauv kev lag luam. Lub X10 platform tau txais kev muaj koob meej ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom hauv tsev sai sai thiab muab kev txhawb nqa rau kev txhim kho ntawm kev lag luam no. Kev sim tsim ib qho kev sib txuas zoo sib xws tau tsim los ntawm lwm lub tuam txhab, tab sis tsis ua tiav.
Rau nws lub sijhawm, X10 yog cov txheej txheem nrog lub suab nrov zoo. Nrov nrov tau txhawb nqa los ntawm kev sib piv pheej yig ntawm cov cuab yeej siv, kev taw qhia ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom mus rau tsev neeg automation, tu thiab kev txhawb nqa. Nyob rau North American sab av loj, tus qauv tseem nyob rau hauv kev thov thiab dav. Ua raws li tus tsim tawm, ntau yam ntawm X10-tshaj cov khoom siv tau pib tsim los ntawm cov tuam txhab loj IBM thiabPhilips.
Hnub Pico Electronics tau dhau los ua X10 INC (USA) nrog PowerHouse cov cim lag luam.
khoom faib khoom
X10 network hardware yog ib phau ntawm cov khoom siv sib txuas ntawm tus qauv hluav taws xob network lossis xov tooj cua channel. Lub hauv paus system yuav tsum suav nrog:
- Transmitters - controllers uas tsim thiab xa cov lus txib, tswj modules (nrog lub computer interface lossis stand-alone), programmable timers nrog ntau lub sijhawm sib txawv, cov chaw taws teeb tswj (infrared lossis xov tooj cua).
- Txais - actuators uas tau txais cov lus txib: teeb modules thiab cartridge dimmers, dimmer thiab socket blocks, txhua yam tsav.
Thaum tsim lub network loj dua lossis nthuav tawm ib qho uas twb muaj lawm, cov cuab yeej pabcuam feem ntau siv:
- Transceivers uas tau txais cov lus txib los ntawm cov chaw taws teeb tswj nrog kev hloov pauv ntxiv mus rau X10 kev sib txuas lus raws tu qauv ua ntej xa mus rau daim phiaj hluav taws xob.
- Repeaters thiab teeb liab amplifiers.
- Cov lim uas txo cov teebmeem ntawm electromagnetic cuam tshuam.
- Interphase choj, rau 380 V fais fab sib txuas (passive lossis nquag, rau cov tsev tshaj 300 m2 2).
- ntsuas cov cuab yeej uas yooj yim rau kev teeb tsa thiab commissioning, sensors (suab, teeb, thiab lwm yam).
Cov khoom tsim los ntawm cov tuam txhab sib txawv feem ntau muaj qhov zoo sib xws, kev ua haujlwm thiab txawm tias cov cim. Cov khoom sivmuaj qhov sib txawv tsim nyob ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau kev tso kawm; rau hauv-kab mounting, DIN-rail mounting nyob rau hauv tus qauv hluav taws xob txee, micro-modules rau flush-mounted junction boxes. Koj tuaj yeem pib lub tsev automation nrog ob peb qhov yooj yim modules, thiab tom qab ntawd maj mam nce thiab nthuav cov kev ua haujlwm. los ntawm kev ntxiv cov khoom kho vajtse tshiab.
Piv txwv ntawm lub hauv paus
Ib yam X10 module yog raws li programmable microcontroller. Raws li ib qho algorithm, nws tswj kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ntawm lub cuab yeej, uas pub cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau txais los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sab nraud rau nws cov tswv yim thiab hloov cov zis pulses rau kev xa rov qab mus rau lub network. Microcomputers tuaj yeem ua cov tswj tau tsim ntau (xws li PICs lossis AVRs los ntawm Microchip thiab Atmel, feem).
X10 lub teeb relay modules tau dav siv rau kev tswj teeb pom kev zoo hauv lub tswv yim ntse hauv tsev. Muaj ob qhov kev hloov kho: ntsaws rau hauv lub qhov (socket) tsis tu ncua rau kev sib txuas hauv pem teb teeb, rooj teeb (LM12) los yog ua rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub adapter ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo thiab lub teeb pom kev zoo nrog E27 puag, mus txog 100 W (LM15S).
Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv tsev yog tswj tau siv cov ntsuas ntsuas qhov (socket modules). Piv txwv li, AM12 module zoo li lub teeb module, tab sis tsis txhawb cov teeb pom kev tshwj xeeb (ntxiv rau qhov hauv qab no).
software
cov khoom siv software yuav pab ua raws li X10 raws tu qauv ntawm lub computersab saum toj theem.
ActiveHome Software - software dawb rau tus kheej lub khoos phis tawj raws li WINDOWS kev khiav haujlwm los ntawm tus tsim tawm ntawm X10 platform. Cov pob no suav nrog ntau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov cuab yeej tsav tsheb, nrog rau lub xov tooj ntawm tes ntawm qhov program.
ActiveHomePro - software rau lub computer interface CM-15 (xov tooj cua transceiver, 433 MHz) nrog kev sib txuas ntawm USB chaw nres nkoj. Tso cai rau koj los tswj cov teeb pom kev zoo thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov tsim nyog algorithms, teem caij thiab timers los ntawm lub computer tus kheej lossis autonomously los ntawm wireless chaw taws teeb tswj.
X10 Commander (Melloware Inc) yog ib qho software pub dawb rau txhua lub OS uas tso cai rau koj los tsim cov kev pabcuam tswj hwm ntau yam raws li lub PC thiab koom ua ke X10 raws tu qauv ntawm koj lub xov tooj thiab txhua yam khoom siv mobile (iOS / Android).
Russian LLC "Home Technologies Laboratory" muab cov neeg siv khoom siv yooj yim ntawm X10 platform - puv xim VGA kov vaj huam sib luag XTS-36. Lub standalone ntaus ntawv muaj ib tug user-friendly graphical interface. X10 raws tu qauv tswj thiab tswj cov ntse teeb pom kev zoo nyob twj ywm, nrog rau kev pom zoo, tab sis tshem tawm qhov xav tau ntawm lub computer mus tas li khiav hauv keeb kwm yav dhau. Cov khoom siv los nrog cov tsav tsheb thiab software rau kev sau npe qhov chaw nyob ntawm X10 cov khoom siv thiab cov kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm kev teeb tsa thawj zaug, rau kev sau ntau yam xwm txheej.
X10. Cov txheej txheem nthuav dav
Lub cev ib puag ncig rau kev sib pauv ntaub ntawv hauv kev ruaj ntseg rogCov xov hluav taws xob yog kev sib txuas lus / txais tos ntawm cov seem ntawm sinusoidal high-frequency oscillations (120 kHz) nrog lub amplitude ntawm 5 V thiab ntev ntawm 1 ms / 630 μs nyob rau hauv txhua ib nrab-lub voj voog ntawm lub mains voltage, nyob rau hauv lub qhov rais tsim tam sim ntawd tom qab hla. lub cim zero. Hauv peb-theem circuits, cov qhov rais zoo sib xws tau tsim nyob rau hauv txhua theem, piv txwv li nrog kev hloov ntawm 60 degrees nrog rau kev siv txuas ntxiv ntawm cov txuas txuas txuas ntxiv.
Yog tias lub cuab yeej hauv qhov tau txais qhov rais tau txais cov lus nrog tsawg kawg 48 vibrations, nws suav tias yog qhov laj thawj "ib qho", txwv tsis pub - raws li qhov laj thawj "zero". Kev xa tawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv me ntsis yuav siv ob lub voj voog ib nrab ntawm lub mains voltage. Ntxiv mus, tus nqi thim rov qab tau tshaj tawm hauv qhov thib ob, uas tsis yog tsuas yog txhim kho lub suab nrov, tab sis kuj tseem ua haujlwm los txheeb xyuas cov lej synchronization thaum lub pob ntawv xa mus.
X10 - tus txheej txheem uas ib pob ntawv txheem (thav duab, ncej) tau xa mus rau 11 lub sijhawm. Nws muaj:
- sync code - 2 me ntsis,
- module code - 4 ntsis,
- building code - 5 me ntsis.
Txhua pob ntawv, tsis muaj ib ntus, kis tau ob zaug ua ke. Ua ntej tshaj tawm cov pob ntawv ntxiv tom ntej, ncua 3 lub sijhawm ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob tseem ceeb (nrog rau qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov ci ci dimming cov lus txib xa mus rau hauv cov kwj tas mus li).
IR chaw taws teeb tswj hauv X10 tes hauj lwm ua haujlwm siv X10-IR raws tu qauv ntawm tus cab kuj zaus ntawm 40 kHz. Lub xov tooj cua channel (X10-RF raws tu qauv), nyob ntawm thaj tsam, muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm 310 txog 434 MHz.
Chaw nyob thiab hais kom ua
Tus lej siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov modules hauv X10 network yog 256. Txhua qhov module muaj ob lub keyboards xaiv nrog 16 txoj haujlwm ruaj khov.
Thawj qhov hloov pauv - Lub Tsev Code yog siv los xaiv ib pawg lossis pab pawg ntawm cov khoom siv. Nws muaj cov ntawv sau npe ntawm txoj haujlwm los ntawm A txog P. Hauv qhov thib ob, cov haujlwm ruaj khov yog qhia los ntawm cov lej ntawm 1 txog 16 thiab qhia txog ib qho tshwj xeeb hauv lub network (Unit code). Yog li, txhua lub cuab yeej tau muab tus lej tshwj xeeb suav nrog tsab ntawv thiab tus lej. Piv txwv li; A5, M14, thiab lwm yam. System controllers, tsis zoo li cov thawj coj modules, feem ntau tsis xav tau qhov chaw nyob.
Ib lub tswv yim ntawm lub platform uas twb muaj lawm cov lus txib thiab lawv cov kev coj ua tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm lub rooj.
| Team (English) | Team (Russian) | Type | Action |
| Txhua units tawm | Tawm tag nrho cov neeg siv khoom | Group | Txiav txhua yam khoom siv nrog lub tsev teev npe uas txhawb nqa cov lus txib. |
| Txhua lub teeb rau / tawm | Tig txhua lub teeb rau / tawm | Group | Tig / tawm tag nrho cov teeb pom kev zoo nrog lub tsev code. |
| Nyob / tawm | Enable/Disable | Chaw nyob | Hloov mus rau lub xeev qhib / tawm ntawm ib qho module. |
| Dim/Brigth | Ntxhais / txo qis qhov ci | Chaw nyob | Dimmer tswj. Tus naj npawb ntawm pob khoom raudimming ntau yam rau cov khoom siv sib txawv yog txawv. |
| Pre-set Dim 1/2 | Tsim ib theem brightness. | Chaw nyob | Tso cai rau koj xaiv ib qho ntawm 32 qhov ci ntsa iab. |
| Status request | Request status | Chaw nyob | Thov cov xwm txheej ntawm qhov hloov pauv. |
| YStatus on/off | Teb rau kev nug | - | Module xwm txheej teb. |
| Hail Request/Acknowlege | Thov / xa cov lus teb | Group | Technology team los txiav txim siab qhov chaw nyob ntawm qhov chaw nyob nrog lwm lub tsev. |
Key Benefits…
X10 yog qhov siv nyiaj tsawg hauv tsev automation chav kawm raws tu qauv uas siv cov hluav taws xob uas twb muaj lawm los xa cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov lus txib. Tsis tas yuav nteg cov kev sib txuas lus tshiab, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb hauv cov tsev nrog kev ua tiav zoo lossis kev kho tiav. Koj tuaj yeem siv kev sib txuas xov tooj lossis siv xov tooj cua channel - ntau yam khoom siv los ntawm cov tuam txhab tso cai rau koj los siv ob qho kev xaiv lossis kev sib xyaw ua ke. Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv, piv rau cov platforms niaj hnub no, kuj yog qhov zoo siab.
Qhov txiaj ntsig tom ntej yog qhov yooj yim ntawm kev siv thiab yooj yim ntawm kev teeb tsa, uas tsis tas yuav muaj kev txawj tshwj xeeb thiab peev xwm. Lub system yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm extensibility zoo heev thiab scalability. Cov modules txuas nrog raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm Plug & Fais fab (plug thiab ua si). Tag nrhokev teeb tsa yog muab cov khoom tshiab rau qhov chaw nyob tshwj xeeb. Ces lub automation yuav ua txhua yam ntawm nws tus kheej.
Kev faib cov teeb pom kev zoo rau hauv thaj chaw tau yooj yim heev. Nws yog txaus los muab tib tsab ntawv (tsim cai) rau cov cuab yeej ntawm tib pab pawg, thiab thaum muab cov lus txib tshaj tawm, lub teeb hauv cheeb tsam no yuav qhib lossis kaw.
Cov txheej txheem qhib yog lwm qhov ntxiv ntawm lub platform, uas txhais tau tias yooj yim kev koom ua ke nrog txhua qhov kev tswj hwm, muaj peev xwm siv cov khoom siv thib peb thaum tsim lub network.
…thiab qhov tsis zoo
Qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm X10 interface - kev sib kis ntawm cov ntaub ntawv teeb liab los ntawm kev xaim hluav taws xob - kuj yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm nws cov teeb meem.
Slow speed. Kev sib kis ntawm cov lus txib yuav siv sijhawm li ob peb feeb, piv txwv li, qhov kev ncua sijhawm ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm cov lus txib yog qhov pom tseeb txawm tias thaum tswj ib lub cuab yeej. Thiab nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev ua hauj lwm tawm qhov embedded scenario, qhov ncua sij hawm yuav ua annoyingly unacceptable. Txij li cov ntaub ntawv hloov pauv tus nqi raug khi rau qhov zaus ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, nws tsis tuaj yeem nce ntxiv.
Tsis muaj suab nrov. Kev nplua nuj ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev hauv lub tsev niaj hnub no ua rau nce qib ntawm kev cuam tshuam hauv lub zog hluav taws xob, cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau lub teeb liab-rau-suab nrov piv, uas, dhau los, cuam tshuam qhov zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib pauv ntawm X10 modules. Li no qhov tshwm sim - tsis ua raws li cov lus txib lossis hloov tsis raug. Thaum tsim cov tes hauj lwm loj, qhov teeb meem tuaj yeem raug txwvchaw nyob teb, vim tsuas yog 256 cov khoom siv yuav tuaj yeem txuas mus rau X10 raws tu qauv.
Tawm ntawm sync ntawm cov khoom xa tuaj tuaj yeem ua rau pob ntawv sib tshooj thiab sib tsoo, ua rau tsis muaj ib qho ntawm cov lus txib raug tua. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom radically txhim kho qhov xwm txheej.
Tsis muaj cov txheej txheem tswj kev nkag mus, tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv kev ua tsis tau tso cai ntawm peb tog. Thiab thaum kawg, nws tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov tswv yim nyuaj rau kev tswj cov khoom siv hauv tsev thiab teeb pom kev zoo nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev kuaj tus kheej ntawm lub kaw lus thiab nws cov khoom.
X10 hloov kho
Cov lus tsis txaus ntseeg feem ntau raug kho nyob rau tiam tom ntej ntawm lub tsev automation systems ntawm lub npe hu ua tsheb npav architecture (cov teeb liab raug xa mus rau lub tsheb npav tshwj xeeb / tso tsheb npav nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsawg).
Thiab, X10 cov neeg tsim khoom kho vajtse thiab cov chaw tsim khoom tau ua cov kauj ruam los txhim kho thiab hloov kho lub platform uas twb muaj lawm. Qhov tshwm sim yog X10Extended hom ntawv nrog cov lus qhia txuas ntxiv. Lub undoubted kom zoo dua ntawm lub modified platform yog cov kev cai ntawm cov txheej txheem rau kev nkag mus rau lub transmitters mus rau lub cev, tshem tawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib tsoo thiab nthuav lub zog ntawm Exteded Code 1 hais kom ua nrog ib tug hloov nyob rau hauv lub pob ntawv hom.
Kev hloov pauv ntxiv ntawm X10Extended coj mus rau kev tsim ntawm A10 hom, uas nthuav dav qhov chaw nyob (txog 4096 modules) thiab ntxiv ntau yam kev pabcuam (muaj tsuas yog ntawm cov khoom tsim los ntawm tus tsim tawm). A10 thiab X10 raws tu qauv yog sib xws kiag li, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm mus ua hauj lwm ob hom ntawm modules nyob rau hauv tib lub system.
Ssuming up, nws yog ib qho nyuaj tsis pom zoo tias thawj lub tsev automation interface tau dhau los lawm tsib caug xyoo dhau los. Kev sim ua kom zoo dua qub, nco txog patching lub ru tsev thaum lub caij los nag, tsis muaj peev xwm kho qhov xwm txheej zoo li no. Tab sis cov peev txheej ntawm lub platform tseem khaws nws hauv kev lag luam ntse, thiab cov khoom siv X10 tau nquag tsim thiab muag.
Cov tuam txhab hauv tebchaws kwv yees cov nthwv dej tshiab ntawm kev muaj koob meej rau lub interface. Cov neeg tau txais kev pab tau muab ntau yam ntawm ob qho tib si nyob ib leeg thiab npaj cov kev daws teeb meem hauv tsev ntse raws li X10 platform.
