Cov khoom xav tau tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim kho yog pob zeb. Yog tsis muaj nws, koj tsis tuaj yeem tsim ib lub tsev lossis taug kev. Lub pob zeb yog cov khoom siv ruaj khov heev, thiab yog tias nws muaj zog ntxiv, ces nws lub zog thiab kev pabcuam lub neej nce ntxiv.
Lub hauv paus ntawm txhua tus qauv yog lub hauv paus, uas tsis yog tsuas yog qhov hnyav ntawm tag nrho lub tsev, tab sis kuj muaj cua thiab daus. Qhov muaj zog dua, qhov siab dua thiab loj dua tuaj yeem ua tau.
Muaj ntau hom hauv paus: monolithic reinforced pob zeb, pawg, prefabricated reinforced pob zeb.
pob zeb sib xyaw ua ke
Hauv kev tsim kho tus kheej, ib qho ntawm cov hom nrov tshaj plaws ntawm lub hauv paus yog daim kab xev monolithic. Nws yog qhov yooj yim hauv kev ua tiav, tso cai rau koj ua yam tsis muaj cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb thiab nws tus kheej knead qhob rau lub hauv paus. Proportion - muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov khoom uas muaj nyob rau hauv qhov sib tov thiab lawv piv. Nws txoj kev ua txhaum cai yuav ua rau cov khoom puas tsuaj. Hloov cov pob zeb uas muaj zog thiab ruaj khov, koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov qauv tsis muaj zog uas yuav raug ceevkev puas tsuaj.
Cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke rau lub hauv paus ua lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb. Cov proportions ntawm cov khoom xyaw rau qhov sib tov yuav tsum tau tswj kom raug heev.
Kom tau txais cov pob zeb zoo, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau siv cov khoom ua kom zoo. Cov sib tov muaj xuab zeb, cement, gravel los yog crushed pob zeb thiab dej.
Sand
Nws tuaj yeem yog ntuj lossis dag. Cov particle loj txawv ntawm 1.2 mus rau 3.5 mm. Xuab zeb yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj tej impurities xws li av nplaum, silt, thiab lwm yam, yog li ntawd, thiaj li yuav ua tau purity ntawm cov khoom, nws yuav tsum tau sieved thiab ntxuav. Thaum ua haujlwm rau lub caij ntuj no, cov xuab zeb yuav tsum tau sov so. Ntxiv cov dej khov rau cov pob zeb ua tsis tau.
pob zeb los yog pob zeb crushed
Cov khoom siv tsis zoo no yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov pob zeb sib xyaw. Lawv cov nyiaj hauv pob zeb yuav tsum yog li 80%. Qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov feem yog siv los ntawm 5 mus rau 70 mm (nyob ntawm seb qhov ua hauj lwm ua). Cov aggregates no kuj raug ntxuav los ntawm impurities.
Cement
Qhov no yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb uas yog ib feem ntawm cov pob zeb rau lub hauv paus, nws cov proportions nyob rau hauv qhov sib tov yuav tsum tau saib xyuas zoo. Qhov zoo, lub zog, thiab qib ntawm pob zeb yog nyob ntawm qhov no. Feem ntau, Portland cement M300 los yog M400 yog siv rau cov hauv paus, uas yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm Frost tsis kam thiab ceev curing. Qib siab dua yog kim dua thiab siv rau hauv cov qauv me me, tseem ceeb.
Kom tau txais cov pob zeb zoo rau lub hauv paus, qhov kev faib ua feem, qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom muaj nyob rau hauv qhov sib tov yog tswj raws nraim.
Cement muaj lub neej luv luv. Thaum muas, koj yuav tsum tau saib hnub ntawm kev tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los noj cov cement tsis pub dhau 1-2 lub hlis dhau los. Yog tias khaws cia tsis raug, nws muaj peev xwm nqus dej noo thiab teeb tsa sai. Tab sis nws tsis pom zoo kom khaws cia hauv chav qhuav kom ntev. Qhov ntev ntawm cov cement lies, qhov qis nws lub hom yuav dhau los, thiab, raws li, yuav muaj kev noj ntau dua thiab qis zog.
Yog li, khaws cov khoom siv rau 6 lub hlis yuav txo cov khoom lag luam los ntawm 25%, rau ib xyoos - los ntawm 40%, thiab hauv ob xyoos lub hom phiaj yuav txo qis ib nrab. Ntawd yog, los ntawm M400 cement koj tau txais M200, uas tsuas yog tsim rau txoj hauv kev hauv vaj.
dej
Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev khi uas yog ib feem ntawm cov pob zeb rau lub hauv paus. Cov proportions ntawm dej thiab lwm yam fillers yog xam nyob rau hauv tus account qhov ceev ntawm pob zeb. Rau cov pob zeb nruj, nws xav tau tsawg dua, thiab rau cov pob zeb ua kom zoo, ntau dua.
Kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm dej thiab cov cement ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov pob zeb tawv tawv. Qhov no yog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb heev, lub zog ntawm cov qauv ncaj qha nyob ntawm nws. Dej zoo ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb, tsis muaj impurities xws li roj, roj, acids, sulfates raug tso cai ntawm no. Tag nrho cov no yuav cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem kev teeb tsa. Tsis txhob siv dej los yog dej khib nyiab. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los haus dej ua haujlwm.
Dab tsi thiab ntau npaum li cas koj xav tau
Hauv kev tsim kho tus kheej, qhov sib npaug ntawm cov pob zeb rau lub hauv paus tau txiav txim siab ntev. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm kev sib xyaw yog ib feem ntawm cov cement, peb feem ntawm cov xuab zeb thiab plaub feem ntawm cov pob zeb crushed (1/3/4). Dej yog nchuav rau tus kheej. Yog hais tias lub formwork yog hnyav hnyav, ces kom zoo dua nkag mus rau hauv lub thav duab, lub pob zeb yuav ntau yas, yog hais tias tsis, nws yuav ua tau nruj, nws yuav harden sai, nws lub zog yuav siab dua.
Peb yuav tsum txiav txim siab tam sim rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tsim cov pob zeb yuav tsum tau ua. Yog tias cov no yog txoj hauv kev hauv lub vaj, ces pob zeb M100 yog txaus rau lawv, ces tsuas yog 1/11 ntawm cov cement yog xav tau. Yog tias qhov no yog lub hauv paus lossis lwm cov qauv tseem ceeb, ces cov cement hauv qhov sib tov yuav tsum yog ¼ ntawm tag nrho pawg.
Thaum nws yuav tsum tau muab qee qhov nyiaj thiab cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke rau lub hauv paus, cov proportions ib 1m3 yog coj raws li hauv qab no:
- Sand - 0.395 m3.
- Gravel - 0.87 m3.
- Cement - 0.193 m3.
- Dej - 0.179 m3.
Qhov no yog kev noj cov khoom siv inert thiab binder rau M200 pob zeb, yog tias xav tau qib siab dua, ces cov cement ntau ntxiv.
Muaj ib yam li cov dej-cement piv, qhov kev ua tau zoo thiab kev sib xyaw zoo nyob ntawm nws, thiab, raws li, tag nrho cov qauv.
Yog tias koj ntxiv dej ntau dua li cov qauv, ces cov yas ntawm cov pob zeb yuav nce ntxiv, nws yuav yooj yim rau haum rau hauv formwork, tab sis lub hom yuav txo qis, nws yuav siv sij hawm ntau dua los teeb.
Ntxiv dej tsawg dua yuav ua rau kom cov pob zeb ua kom nruj, ua rau nws yooj yim rau nteg, thiab cov voids tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv cov qauv siv zog, ua rau tsis muaj zog ntawm tag nrho cov kab xev monolithic. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum sib txawv ntawm cov dej kom tsim tau zoo duamixes.
Hauv ib lo lus, txhawm rau kom tau txais cov pob zeb zoo rau lub hauv paus, qhov sib npaug ntawm cov dej thiab cov cement yuav tsum yog qhov sib xyaw kom haum rau hauv formwork, thiab tsis nchuav. Cov pob zeb nteg yuav tsum tau compacted, qhov no yog ua los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb hluav taws xob vibrator, los yog improvised txhais tau tias - ib tug duav, fittings.
pob zeb ntau lawm hauv pob zeb tov khoom
Rau qhov yooj yim ntawm kev tsim vaj tsev monolithic, muaj ntau hom kev tov khoom. Lawv tuaj yeem yog ib nrab cubic meter, ib cubic meter, ib thiab ib nrab meters cubic thiab ntau dua.
Yuav ua li cas ua pob zeb rau lub hauv paus? Cov proportions rau ib pawg ntawm cubic qhob tov khoom yog kwv yees li hauv qab no:
- sand – 650 kg (density – 1400 kg/m3);
- pob zeb crushed - 1300 kg (density - 1350 / m3);
- cement - 300 - 350 kg (kwv yees 6-7 hnab);
- dej - 180 kg.
Cov zis yog pob zeb M300 (cov lej qhia tias ib qho piv txwv ntawm 10x10 cm lub voos xwmfab ua los ntawm cov pob zeb ntawm hom no tiv taus lub zog compressive ntawm 300 kg / cm2).
Ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim cov pob zeb, siv cov xuab zeb-gravel sib tov, uas qhov piv ntawm gravel thiab xuab zeb twb tau khaws cia rau hauv qhov xav tau proportions.
Vim tag nrho cov aggregates yuav luag tib qhov ntom ntom, nws tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov pob zeb rau lub hauv paus nrog cov thoob. Cov proportions nyob rau hauv lub thoob yuav yog: cement - 25, xuab zeb m 43, crushed pob zeb - 90, dej - 18.
25 thoob cov cement yog kwv yees li 6-7 hnab (xws li 1 m3 ntawm cov pob zeb ua tiav). Rau me mepob zeb tov khoom ntawm ib lub thoob ntawm binder yog noj:
- sand - ob lub thoob;
- rubble or gravel - plaub thoob;
- dej - ib nrab thoob.
Koj tuaj yeem xaiv qhov sib npaug ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw kom koj tau txais cov pob zeb ntawm tib qib, tab sis cov ntsiab lus cement hauv nws yuav txawv.
Xam txog qhov yuav tsum tau muaj thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm pob zeb
Hauv kev tsim cov duab kos tawm rau kev ua haujlwm, qhov ntim thiab qhov hnyav ntawm txhua yam khoom siv tau qhia. Hauv kev tsim kho tus kheej, yog tias tsis muaj qhov project, qhov kev suav yog ua los ntawm nws tus kheej. Ntawm no nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xaiv txoj cai muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm pob zeb rau lub hauv paus. Yuav suav li cas thiaj tsis nco?
Ua ntej koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab seb yuav tsum muaj pob zeb ntau npaum li cas rau tag nrho cov ntim ntawm cov qauv. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ntsuas qhov ntev ntawm tag nrho lub hauv paus nyob ib ncig ntawm lub perimeter. Suav txhua sab sib cais. Piv txwv li: qhov ntev ntawm daim kab xev yog 10 linear meters, qhov siab yog 1 m, qhov dav yog 0.5 m. Peb multiply, nws hloov tawm hais tias 5 m3 ntawm pob zeb yog xav tau los sau rau sab ntawm lub hauv paus. Peb kuj xam qhov ntim ntawm cov sab seem. Tom qab ntxiv tag nrho cov nyiaj, peb tau txais, piv txwv li, 20 m3 ntawm qhov sib tov.
Piv txwv: rau 20 m3 ntawm cov pob zeb ua tiav M300 koj xav tau:
- cement - 7000 kg;
- sand - 13000 kg;
- pob zeb lossis pob zeb - 26000 kg;
- dej - 3600 kg.
Qee cov lus pom zoo rau kev tso chaw ua vaj tse
Thaum xam qhov ntim ntawm pob zeb rau pouring lub hauv paus, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ntxiv 10-15 feem pua ntawm qhov tshwm sim rau cov nuj nqis uas tsis tau pom dua, poob thaum lub sij hawm thauj mus los, tso, thiab lwm yam. Pouring qhob rau hauvformwork yuav tsum nyob rau hauv cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm 25-30 centimeters txhua, nrog obligatory tamping. Cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg thib ob thiab tom qab raug pom zoo kom vibrated lossis tho nrog rab chais, ntxiv dag zog nrog kev ntes ntawm yav dhau los txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev delamination ntawm cov qauv.
Yog tias nws tsis tuaj yeem tso pob zeb rau tag nrho lub hauv paus hauv ib hnub, ces nws yuav tsum tau tshem cov cement zaj duab xis los ntawm txheej dhau los nrog txhuam hlau. Qhov no yog ua kom zoo dua tom qab adhesion ntawm qub thiab tshiab pob zeb. Grouting yog pom zoo kom ua rau ntawm qhov chaw tshiab, thaum lub pob zeb tau teeb me ntsis, tab sis tseem tsis tau khov tag. Tag nrho cov sludge uas tshwm sim los ntawm grouting zaj duab xis yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm.
