Kinematic tswvyim. Kinematic daim duab ntawm tus tsav. Kinematic schemes ntawm mechanisms

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Kinematic tswvyim. Kinematic daim duab ntawm tus tsav. Kinematic schemes ntawm mechanisms
Kinematic tswvyim. Kinematic daim duab ntawm tus tsav. Kinematic schemes ntawm mechanisms

Video: Kinematic tswvyim. Kinematic daim duab ntawm tus tsav. Kinematic schemes ntawm mechanisms

Video: Kinematic tswvyim. Kinematic daim duab ntawm tus tsav. Kinematic schemes ntawm mechanisms
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Yog tsis muaj daim duab kinematic, nws tsis tuaj yeem xav txog txhua yam khoom siv. Peb tab tom tham txog tsheb, tsheb laij teb, cov cuab yeej siv tshuab, thiab cov cuab yeej yooj yim dua. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, kinematics yog ib tug tshwj xeeb department nyob rau hauv mechanics, uas yog tsom rau kev kawm cov khoom ntawm kev sib txuas nyob rau hauv mechanisms. Kev tshawb fawb tso cai rau kev tsom xam kinematic los ntawm kev kawm cov kev txav ntawm kev sib txuas, txiav txim siab cov ntsiab lus, txoj haujlwm thiab qhov nrawm ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Kev ua tiav qhov kawg tshwm sim yog tsis yooj yim sua yam tsis muaj kev lees paub lub tswv yim ntawm "kinematic scheme", uas yuav tau tham hauv kab lus no.

kinematic tswvyim
kinematic tswvyim

Kinematic tswvyim yog dab tsi? Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb

Yog tias koj luv luv teb cov lus nug no, ces daim duab kinematic yog ib hom kev kos duab lossis cov ntaub ntawv, yog li hais, uas qhia tag nrho cov kev sib txuas nrog qhov ntev. Feem ntaucov kev sib txuas hauv Circuit Court yog hu ua kinematic khub. Yog hais tias peb txhais nws nyob rau hauv scientific lus, ces cov no yog conjugated cov khoom nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm 2 daim, uas, vim cov xwm txheej ntawm kev sib txuas lus, txwv kev txav ntawm ib leeg.

Lub xub ntiag ntawm qhov ntev yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev soj ntsuam kinematic, uas kawm txog cov hauv paus ntawm kev txav ntawm cov cuab yeej, lawv cov kab thiab qhov nrawm. Kinematics teeb meem tuaj yeem daws tau ob qho tib si duab thiab sim.

Feem ntau, peb tham txog lub tswv yim kinematic thaum peb txheeb xyuas hom tshuab. Lawv hu nws ib tug tej yam system ntawm lub cev uas transforms lub zog ntawm ib co rau qhov yuav tsum tau txav ntawm lwm tus neeg. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm txhua yam khoom muaj xws li kev sib txuas - ob peb cov khoom sib txuas sib txuas. Ib qhov txuas uas suav tias kho tau yog hu ua khib.

Ib lub ntsiab ntawm ib khub kinematic lossis qhov txuas yog qhov txheej txheem ntawm qhov chaw thiab cov kab uas ib qho txuas tuaj rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog lwm tus. Cov ntsiab lus no tseem hu ua junction node.

kinematic daim duab ntawm lub gearbox
kinematic daim duab ntawm lub gearbox

Teb ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm kinematic schemes

Lub tswv yim kinematic yog siv nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov cheeb tsam ntawm kev lag luam - mechanical engineering, tshuab cuab tam lub tsev, thiab lwm yam. Txhua qhov kev ua tiav yog tswj los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb - lub npe hu ua GOST.

Txoj cai rau kev siv cov phiaj xwm

Muaj ntau ntau txoj cai yooj yim rau kev kos duab kos duab kinematic:

  • Cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem ua rau ntawm daim ntawv thiab hauv xov tooj hluav taws xob. Nws raug nquahu kom kos cov duab kos rau ntawm ib daim ntawv nrog qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev faib nws mus rau hauv cov ntawv xav tauthaum luam ntawv.
  • Thaum siv cov txheej txheem nyuaj, kev siv cov cuab yeej sib txuas tau tso cai, uas yog, nws muaj peev xwm ua kom pom kev txav mus los hauv kev ua kom pom tseeb.

Kinematic kos duab tau muab faib ua peb hom: tus thawj xibfwb, qauv thiab ua haujlwm. Cov kev cai ntawm kev sau lawv kuj txawv ntawm ib leeg.

Raws li daim duab kos duab, daim duab yuav tsum tau qhia txhua yam kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom. Cov ntaub ntawv yog muab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm scan. Tus thawj kinematic daim duab, lub npe ntawm tus tsim tawm qhia nyob rau hauv lub margins, yuav tsum tau piav nyob rau hauv cov khoom tsim nyob rau hauv ib tug axonometric projection. Cov kev cai ntxaws ntxiv rau lawv qhov kev npaj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau raws li GOST 2.303 thiab 2.701.

Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm daim duab thaiv thiab daim duab kos duab yog tias thawj tus qhia txog qhov ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm lawv. Raws li txoj cai, lawv tau nthuav tawm hauv daim duab duab lossis cov ntaub ntawv txheeb xyuas.

Daim duab ua haujlwm qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom, uas tau piav qhia los ntawm cov duab geometric yooj yim.

kinematic daim duab kos npe
kinematic daim duab kos npe

Leej twg tswj qhov tseeb ntawm cov tswv yim?

Txoj cai rau kev sau yog sau tawm hauv cov ntaub ntawv sib cuam tshuam ntawm kev ua qauv. Ntau lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb tau pov npav rau kev nkag mus rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no ntau xyoo dhau los. Los ntawm lub sij hawm mus rau lub sij hawm, hloov mus rau GOST, qhov no yog to taub - scientific kev vam meej tsis nyob twj ywm, science tsim, thiab nrog nws, cov ntaub ntawv tswj kev hloov pauv. Sib nrug los ntawmtus qauv tseem ceeb, cov kev cai rau kev siv ntawm kinematic daim duab qhia nyob rau hauv lub Unified System for Design Documentation.

kinematic tswvyim
kinematic tswvyim

Kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov txheej txheem

Raws li tau hais los saum toj no, txhua lub tswv yim muaj qee tus lej ntawm kinematic khub. Lawv muab faib ua ob peb lub ntsiab:

  • los ntawm hom kev sib txuas - kom qis dua thiab siab dua;
  • raws li txoj kev kaw;
  • rau kev txheeb ze sib koom ua khub - rau kev txhais lus, tig, cylindrical, thiab lwm yam.

Kinematic schemes ntawm mechanisms txiav txim lawv cov qauv. Yog tias koj muab lub tswv yim no txhais, ces nws yog tag nrho ntawm tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov cuab yeej thiab cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm lawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, txhawm rau txiav txim siab tus qauv ntawm cov txheej txheem, koj yuav tsum tsim kom muaj qhov sib txuas ntawm cov khoom txuas.

Raws li cov kev faib tawm saum toj no, cov hom tshuab tseem ceeb uas txiav txim siab nws cov qauv yog qhov txawv:

  • stand;
  • rod;
  • crank;
  • creeper.
kinematic iav schemes
kinematic iav schemes

Type of mechanisms

Muaj ntau tus qauv sib txawv. Feem ntau, cov txheej txheem tau muab faib ua:

  • kev sib txhuam;
  • cam;
  • mechanisms nrog hloov pauv tau;

Ntawm cov kev faib tawm tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem, muaj ib qho uas faib ua peb pawg:

  • functional (raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis);
  • qauv (los ntawm qauv);
  • structural-constructive (raws li kev tsim qauv).

Ntau cov ntsiab lus hais txog daim duab kinematic yuav piav qhia siv piv txwv ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob.

kinematic schemes ntawm mechanisms
kinematic schemes ntawm mechanisms

Drive yog dab tsi? Nws lub hom phiaj

Ua ntej tham txog lub tswv yim kinematic ntawm tus tsav, koj yuav tsum paub tias nws yog dab tsi. Kev tsav tsheb yog ib yam khoom tshwj xeeb uas tsav lub tshuab nrog kev pab ntawm lub cav. Hauv lwm lo lus, lub tshuab pib txav los ntawm kev khiav ntawm lub zog, uas yog los ntawm lub cav lossis los ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntxiv. Lub tswv yim kinematic ntawm lub gearbox yog qhov tseem ceeb thaum kawm lub tswv yim ntawm "tsav". Cov cuab yeej no yog ib qho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov cab cab los yog iav log uas xa cov kev sib hloov ntawm lub cav ncaj qha mus rau lub tshuab ncej. Nws lub cev yog tsim los ntawm bearings, ncej thiab gears.

kinematic daim duab ntawm lub tshuab
kinematic daim duab ntawm lub tshuab

Kinematic daim duab ntawm tus tsav

Nyob rau hauv ib qho tsav, txhua yam txuas nrog ib leeg muaj qee yam cuam tshuam rau ib leeg. Ntawd yog, kev kawm txog kev txav ntawm ib qho txuas nkaus xwb yuav tsis txaus, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account lawv cov kev sib raug zoo. Ua li no, tag nrho cov quab yuam nyob rau hauv cov qauv coj mus rau ib qho taw tes, feem ntau yog lub cev muaj zog ncej. Lub tswv yim kinematic ntawm tus tsav yog hu ua sib npaug, thiab cov kev txwv raug hu ua txo.

Cov txheej txheem ntawm cov cuab yeej no suav nrog cov ntsiab lus yooj yim xws li:

  • electric motor;
  • qhib hloov pauv;
  • reducer;
  • machine tsav ncej;
  • kev sib tw.

Nov yog ib qho kev sib xyaw ua kedaim duab kinematic, qee lub ntsiab lus yuav ploj lawm.

tsav kinematic daim duab
tsav kinematic daim duab

Kinetic daim duab ntawm lwm yam mechanisms

Kinematics yog ib qho kev tshawb fawb uas kawm ntau yam qauv, yog li ntawd, rau txhua yam khoom siv, lub tswv yim muaj nws tus kheej. Xav txog kev kos duab ntawm chav tsev feem ntau - lub tshuab. Tau kawg, muaj ntau lwm cov txheej txheem, thiab kev kawm lawv cov tswv yim tuaj yeem siv sijhawm ntau. Cov duab ntawm cov qauv nyuaj raug tshuaj xyuas ntau yam los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb, kws kho tsheb thiab cov neeg nyiam ntawm kinematics.

Ib lub cuab yeej tshuab yog ib qho piv txwv yooj yim ntawm lub tshuab uas tau tsav los ntawm qee lub zog. Cov thawj coj lub cev ntawm tus tsim yog: rooj, caliper, spindle thiab lwm yam ntsiab lus. Lub tshuab kinematics chains muaj ntau lub zog, uas tau muab tso rau hauv ib ntus. Kinematic kis tau tus mob schemes yuav muaj xws li siv, iav los yog cab mechanisms. Hauv kev kos duab, tag nrho cov ntsiab lus tau qhia los ntawm cov cim tshwj xeeb, uas tau sau tseg hauv GOST 3462-61. Daim duab kinematic ntawm lub tshuab yuav tsum suav nrog cov kauj ruam ntawm cov hlau lead screws, cab nkag modules, cav ceev, lub zog, thiab lwm yam.

Cov cuab yeej siv niaj hnub no tsis tsuas yog siv cov tshuab xa hluav taws xob xwb, feem ntau siv hydraulic lossis pneumatic cov cuab yeej siv, thiab, raws li, hauv cov ntawv hla tebchaws ntawm cov cuab yeej siv tshuab koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tsis tau cov duab kos duab, tab sis ua ke pneumohydraulic lossis hluav taws xob.

Lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub ntawm cov tshuab thiab qhov chaw yog qhov loj, muaj ntau txhiab tus txheej txheem sib txawv thiab cov ntsiab lus. Txawm li cas los xij, txhua yam khoom sivchav tsev muaj nws tus kheej kinematic tswvyim, seb nws yog ib tug crane, lub tsheb ncua kev kawm ntawv, ib tug hlau txiav tshuab los yog ib tug drilling rig. Kinematic kos duab thiab cov lus piav qhia tsim pab kom nkag siab txog cov qauv thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov txheej txheem, pab txhawb cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kawm txog kev txav ntawm cov ntsiab lus thiab kev sib txuas hauv cov saw hlau. Ua tsaug rau cov tswv yim zoo li no thiab kev tshawb fawb ntawm kinematics feem ntau, kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis tsis nyob twj ywm, ntau thiab ntau dua cov tshuab, tshuab thiab cov rooj sib txoos tshwm sim uas tau nkag mus rau peb lub neej.

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