Feem ntau cov tswv ntawm lub tsev ntiag tug npau suav ntawm kev txhim kho stylish, romantic thiab cozy sab hauv cov khoom - lub qhov cub, qhov ntev ntawm qhov loj nyob ntawm seb nws yuav ua li cas - cua sov lossis kho kom zoo nkauj.
Kev tua hluav taws tsis yog tsuas yog kev zoo nkauj xwb, tab sis kuj muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov hluav taws kub, yog li kev ntsuas ceev yuav tsum ua ntej tso qhov cub.
Yuav ua li cas xam qhov ntev ntawm qhov cub?
Ib qho chaw uas muaj cua sov (txawm tias nws yog pab, thiab tsis yog lub ntsiab) feem ntau yog qhov cub. Qhov ntev ntawm cov qauv cua sov no rau ib chav nrog thaj tsam ntawm 20 m2 2 yog raws li hauv qab no:
- thaj chaw firebox yuav tsum sib txawv li ntawm 0.4 m2;
- qhov siab ntawm lub qhov cub - 52 cm, dav - 78 cm;
- hearth qhov tob yuav tsum yog 34-35 cm.
Qhov chaw hla ntu thiab qhov siab ntawm qhov chimney tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb tsawg uas yuav tsum tau muaj kev sib cais thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ceev faj xam. Lub qhov cub, qhov ntev ntawm qhov ntsuas tsis raug, tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hem thawj tiag tiag rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv thiab lub neej, uas nyob hauv qhov ua tau.ingress ntawm combustion khoom thiab carbon monoxide rau hauv chav tsev. Qhov kev pom zoo ntawm qhov chaw hla ntu ntawm qhov chimney thiab lub qhov roj yog suav tias yog 1/10, txawm li cas los xij, tus qauv loj ntawm lub qhov cub tsis yog axiom, txij li txhua tus neeg yuav tsum tau muab xam kom raug..
Sizing ntoo hlawv qhov cub
Qhov cub hluav taws kub yog cov qauv tsim uas txhua tus neeg hauv tsev neeg feem ntau thiab nrog kev lom zem sib sau ua ke thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg thiab caij ntuj no yav tsaus ntuj. Lub suab ntawm cov nplaim taws tawg thiab qhov pom ntawm cov nplaim taws inevitably tsim kom muaj qhov chaw zoo nkauj ntawm kev nplij siab thiab kev nplij siab. Lub qhov cub cib tiag tiag tsis yog pheej yig, yog li ntau tus neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev muaj lub siab xav ua haujlwm ntawm lawv tus kheej. Tau kawg, zaj lus qhia no tsis tuaj yeem hu ua yooj yim, tab sis yog tias txhua yam ua tiav raws li cov cai, ces qhov txiaj ntsig yuav zoo.
Lub qhov cub suav nrog cov hauv qab no yuav tsum tau ua:
- furnace;
- smoke chamber;
- chimney.
Qhov loj ntawm txhua lub ntsiab lus yuav tsum muaj qhov xav tau piv nrog qhov ntev ntawm chav rhuab.
Yog li, piv txwv li, thaj tsam ntawm lub qhov cub qhov sib txuas nrog rau tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm chav tsev yuav tsum yog 1:50. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov siab thiab qhov dav yog sib npaug li 2: 3, thiab qhov tob thiab qhov siab ntawm qhov cub txawv ntawm 1: 2 txog 2: 3.
Qhov loj ntawm qhov pa taws yog qhov cuam tshuam feem ntau ntawm thaj chaw rauv taws. Qhov xav tau ntawm cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem muab tau raws li hauv qab no: thaj tsam ntawm lub qhov cub yuav tsum yog 8-15 zaugntau qhov chaw hla ntawm qhov chimney. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, yog tias cov yeeb nkab puag ncig tau npaj rau kev teeb tsa, ces koj tuaj yeem xaiv qhov me me dua li qhov chimney yog square lossis rectangular.
xaiv khoom
Qhov cub hluav taws kub yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws kub liab.
Qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom no tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas los ntawm cov ntsuas hauv qab no:
- xim yuav tsum zoo ib yam thiab tuab;
- rauj ntaus rau ntawm lub cib yuav tsum "rov qab" nrog lub suab nrov thiab meej.
Ntxiv rau, koj yuav xav tau:
- xuab zeb, qhov loj ntawm cov nplej uas yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 1.5 hli;
- Cambrian av nplaum, thiab koj tuaj yeem siv xim av lossis xim liab;
- pob zeb crushed - 3-6 mm;
- Portland cement qib 300.
Tseem xav yuav:
- pa taws damper;
- qhov screen hluav taws;
- npawg.
Foundation
Ua ntej koj pib tsim lub tsev, koj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas lub hauv paus cais. Qhov tob ntawm lub qhov taub yuav tsum yog 60 cm, thiab qhov dav yuav tsum yog 10 cm loj dua qhov ntev ntawm lub hauv paus yav tom ntej.
Lub hauv qab yuav tsum tau npog nrog rubble thiab ua tib zoo tamped kom nws kab rov tav.
Tom ntej no koj yuav tsum tau ua formwork, uas yuav xav tau ntoo boards. Txhawm rau ua kom tsis muaj dej, koj yuav tsum yuav cov vov tsev los yog cob.
Cov txheej txheem teeb tsa yuav tsum tau them nrog cov pob zeb tawg, pob zeb lossis pob zeb tawg, thiab tom qab ntawd nchuav nrog cov cement mortar kom huv si. Sab saum toj ntawm lub hauv paus yuav tsum tau leveled thiab xyuas raukab rov tav. Tom qab 7 hnub, koj tuaj yeem pib tsim qhov cub.
Txoj qhov cub masonry
Ua ntej pib tsim cov khoom tsim muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li lub qhov cub, qhov ntev ntawm qhov tau txiav txim los ntawm peb ua ntej, yuav tsum muab cov dej tsis zoo. Qhov no yuav xav tau cov khoom siv vov tsev nteg hauv 2 txheej. Pw yuav tsum pib ntawm cov ces kaum. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, koj yuav tsum tau lossi saib xyuas qib. Txhawm rau muab cov qauv zoo li qub, koj tuaj yeem nteg kab hauv qab ntawm ntug, thiab tag nrho cov tom ntej - tiaj tus. Cov kab khoom sab nrauv yuav tsum tau siv cov trowel lossis trowel. Cov pa luam yeeb lossis lub thawv hluav taws yuav tsum tau ua manually, vim qhov no yuav pab kom pom cov pob zeb me me hauv cov tshuaj.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias thaum tsim lub thawv haus luam yeeb thiab lub qhov cub, lub qhov cub qhov cub yuav tsum tau tshem cov mortar ntau dhau nrog cov ntaub ntub dej. Peb yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab tias lub puab phab ntsa tsis raug rau plastering. Lub seam yuav tsum nyias, txwv tsis pub nws tuaj yeem tawg sai sai. Cov qhov cub niaj hnub xav tau ib nrab-civ stitching nyob rau hauv txhua kab.
Cov kab hluav taws xob thiab cov phab ntsa sab nrauv yuav tsum tsis txhob txuas nrog, txwv tsis pub, vim qhov kub thiab txias tsis tu ncua, masonry puas yuav tshwm sim.
About fireplaces
Txhua tus neeg txaus siab hnov lub suab ntawm cov ntoo tawg thiab hnov cov nplaim taws sov. Cov kev xav zoo sib xws tuaj yeem txaus siab tsis yog hauv qhov xwm txheej xwb, tab sis kuj nyob hauv koj lub tsev. Lub qhov cub cib muaj peev xwm ua rau kev npau suav ua tiav. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov cuab yeej no suav nrog tsis yog tsuas yog tsimkev nplij siab thiab coziness hauv tsev, tab sis kuj muaj cua sov.
Lub qhov cub niaj hnub tuaj yeem siv roj:
- coal;
- natural wood;
- gas;
- hluav taws xob.
Muaj ntau lub qhov cub npaj ua lag luam. Qhov sib txawv yog tsim los ntawm qhib thiab kaw hom hluav taws kub. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub qhov cub qhov cub tuaj yeem muaj qhov sib xyaw ua ke cua sov los yog qhib ib qho, qhov twg hom cub tawg ncaj qha nyob ntawm qhov xav tau ntawm tus neeg yuav khoom.
Lub qhov cub niaj hnub yog ntau yam thiab siv tau tsim uas tuaj yeem ntsia tau txhua qhov chaw.
Qhov cub ua qhov tsim qauv
Fireplace yog ib qho kev tsim qauv zoo uas tuaj yeem hais txog tag nrho cov qauv ntawm chav. Rau nws cov qauv tsim, classic style, niaj hnub, lub teb chaws lossis lwm yam txaus siab rau tus tswv siv tau.
Lub qhov cub cua sov yuav tsum muaj cov khoom siv xws li poker, tws, tshauv lauj kaub thiab grate. Muaj tseeb tiag, lub neej niaj hnub no them nyiaj ntau dua rau lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev xav thiab lub siab lub ntsws ntawm cov qauv no. Tias yog vim li cas lub qhov cub tsis pom zoo kom muab tso rau hauv ib chav me me, ntawm lub qhov rooj lossis hauv txoj kev. Qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws yog cov rooj zaum xis nyob hauv chav dav dav, cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb sawv ntsug thiab lub rooj zaum zoo nkauj.
Lub teb chaws style, lossis rustic: unpretentiousness tiv thaiv lub nraub qaum ntawm kev ntxim nyiam
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus "rustic" hais txog cov yam ntxwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov qauv no - txhob txwm tshaj tawm "uncouth","roughness", stylization rau rustic sab hauv (nyob rau hauv lwm txoj kev, qhov style no hu ua lub teb chaws). Qhov kev ntshaw ntawm peb cov yawg koob los coj ib qho kev zoo nkauj rau hauv kev npaj ntawm lawv cov vaj tsev thaum ub tau ua rau qhov kev coj ua vaj tsev no, uas tom qab pib tsim kom dav thiab dav.
Lub teb chaws style yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntuj, cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv, kev ua haujlwm " ntxhib" thiab qhib lub siab zoo. Cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog tshaj plaws yog: plhaub pob zeb, sandstone, tuff pob zeb, thiab lwm yam.
Hais txog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm qhov cub Baroque
Lub Baroque style, uas tau tshwm sim hauv Tebchaws Europe hauv Hnub Nyoog Nrab Hnub nyoog, yog qhov xav txog kev saj hauv Renaissance architecture. Qhov kev taw qhia no kuj tsim nyog nyob rau hauv xws li cov qauv ntawm qhov cub. Nws txawv los ntawm: lub dynamism ntawm cov duab, ntau splendor thiab khoom kim heev, ib tug tej yam illusory daim ntawv thiab kab, pomposity thiab decorativeness.
Modern style
Cov neeg nyiam ntawm Art Nouveau style yuav yooj yim tso tseg feem ntau cov khoom dai kom zoo nkauj ntawm kev sim xim txawv txawv. Qhov kev taw qhia no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm: elongation, zoo li ua npuas ncauj, ib qho kev sib xyaw ntawm cov pob zeb thiab hlau, nrog rau muaj cov ceramics lossis iav hauv cladding. Adepts ntawm cov style yog txawv geometric duab, txwv tsis pub, conciseness, raws li zoo raws li unconventional tsim kev daws teeb meem. Raws li qhov tsim nyog nrog rau Art Nouveau qhov cub, ib qho tuaj yeem tawm ib qho kev paub daws teeb meem loj lossis toj roob hauv pes painting, minimally decorated rooj tog, phab ntsa them nrog asymmetrical kab thiab muted.xim ntau yam.
