Kev tsim khoom siv pob zeb niaj hnub no tau ua tiav tsis yog los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij xwb, tab sis kuj yog los ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom ntiag tug; qhov no tau ua cov cuab yeej siv vaj tsev monolithic. Cov vaj tse zoo li no muaj kev ruaj khov dua li lwm hom tsev. Yav dhau los, cov chaw tsim khoom lag luam thiab cov tsev ntau lub tsev tau tsim los siv cov cuab yeej no. Niaj hnub no, cov txheej txheem no tau paub rau cov neeg siv khoom ntiag tug uas siv nws los tsim lawv lub tsev thiab tsev. Siv cov tshuab monolithic, koj tuaj yeem paub cov tswv yim tsim qauv zoo kawg nkaus.
Cov tswv tsev yav tom ntej tau xav ntau ntxiv txog kev tsim vaj tsev monolithic, vim tias cov tsev zoo li no tau tsim muaj kev ruaj khov. Lawv muaj peev xwm tiv taus txawm tias av qeeg me me. Thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis cuam tshuam nrog cov nqi zog loj hauv kev tsim kho. Cov khoom kim heev tsis tas yuav siv, thiab thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm lub tsev yog ruaj khov thiab txhim khu kev qha. Koj tuaj yeem ua tiav cov tsev zoo li no nrog txhua yam khoom siv, nws tso cai tam sim ntawd txhim kho phab ntsa nrog cov rwb thaiv tsev thermal ntxiv.
Txoj kev tshem tawm cov formwork
Monolithic reinforced pob zeb tuaj yeem muab nchuav rau hauv cov ntawv tshem tawm lossis ruaj khov. Thawj hom yog ntau dua thiab paub zoo. Tom qab pib qhov chaw ntawm lub mortar, cov craftsmen yuav tsum tau dismantle cov khoom, tawm hauv cov qauv kom qhuav tag.
Yog siv cov formwork reusable, nws yuav muaj peev xwm tsim tau ntau yam ntaub ntawv rau pouring qhob. Koj tuaj yeem tsim lub hauv paus, tsim ib lub thav duab ntawm ntau lub tsev, muab cov phab ntsa monolithic thiab stairwells, nrog rau tsim cov ntsiab lus ntawm sab hauv thiab sab nrauv décor. Monolithic reinforced pob zeb phab ntsa yog poured rau hauv tshem tau formwork, uas:
- ntoo array;
- steel sheets;
- sib xyaw ua ke;
- aluminium pwm;
- pab plywood.
Polyvinyl chloride txheej yog qhov ntau heev, uas pab txhawb kev rhuav tshem ntawm ntau qhov kev ua haujlwm. Cov kev xaiv hlau yog siv rau kev tsim cov txheej txheem nyuaj thiab nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas siv tshuab siv loj heev. Txhawm rau tsim lub hauv paus formwork, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv plywood, beams lossis ntoo boards. Koj tuaj yeem pab txhawb cov txheej txheem kev teeb tsa los ntawm kev siv cov thav duab hlau rau hauv cov ntoo uas tau teeb tsa. Formwork plywood tsuas yog siv los tsim cov qauv me me lossis cov phab ntsa nyias nyias.
Txoj cai rau kev tsim kho cov ntawv tshem tawm
Yog kojYog tias koj xav nchuav rau hauv qhov chaw ua vaj tse, ces koj tuaj yeem siv cov txheej txheem tshem tawm, txawm li cas los xij, qee qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau nws. Lub thav duab yuav tsum ruaj khov rau hauv qhov chaw thiab muaj qhov zoo ntawm rigidity. Tus kheej cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev tsim tag nrho yuav tsum tau ua kom haum rau ib leeg. Hauv qhov no, qhov khoob yuav tsum tsawg.
Hais txog qhov siab, lub formwork yuav tsum tiv taus lub siab tseem ceeb, uas yuav raug exerted los ntawm mortar tom qab pouring. Nws yog ntshaw tias cov formwork tshem tau tsis zoo adhesion rau pob zeb. Yog hais tias nws yog siv ob peb zaug, ces cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tsis txhob deformed los ntawm lub load.
Npaj cov khoom ntoo
Yog tias koj xav nchuav monolithic reinforced pob zeb rau koj tus kheej, ces koj yuav tsum xaiv cov ntoo boards, lub thickness ntawm uas yuav txawv ntawm 25 mus rau 50 hli. Qhov dav ntawm cov ntsiab lus no tuaj yeem sib txawv heev, qhov ntsuas no tsis ua lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li qhov dav nce, qhov tshwm sim ntawm cracking nce. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los xaiv cov laug cam uas nws qhov dav txawv ntawm 200 txog 300 hli. Cov laug cam yuav tsum tau sib sau ua ke rau hauv cov ntaub thaiv npog, qhov siab ntawm qhov yuav tsum sib haum mus rau theem tom ntej ntawm kev ua vaj tse. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, siv cov tuav uas cov laug cam muaj zog.
Beams yuav tsum nyob rau sab nraud, thaum cov ntsia hlau raug tsav mus rau hauv cov laug cam kom cov kaus mom nyob rau hauv lub formwork. Nws yuav tsum nyob ze li qhov ua tau kom haum cov laug cam ua ke nrog qhov kawg. Yog tias qhov khoob tau tsim nrog qhov dav ntawm 1 txog 5mm, ces lawv yog them nrog cab. Yog tias muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov loj dua, lawv yuav tsum tau hammered nrog slats.
rau kev siv
Monolithic reinforced pob zeb yuav tsis tau txais lub zog uas yuav tsum tau yog tias muaj qhov khoob hauv qhov formwork, vim cov kua mis cement los ntawm cov mortar yuav nkag los ntawm lawv. Ntxiv nrog rau cov ntaub thaiv npog, cov tuav yuav tsum tau npaj, qhov ntev ntawm qhov yuav tsum yog 1/3 ntau dua qhov siab ntawm formwork. Boards thiab hlau yog siv los tsim cov spacers los khi cov phab ntsa los ntawm kev txhim kho cov lintels sab hauv.
Formwork device
Hauv qab no, ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev tsim cov qauv formwork rau lub hauv paus sawb yuav raug txiav txim siab. Cov ntsiab cai no yuav tso cai rau koj los tsim laj kab rau feem ntau lwm lub hom phiaj. Ua ntej, qhov chaw yog npaj, ib tug trench yog khawb rau lub hauv paus, ib tug xuab zeb cushion yog pw rau hauv qab. Txheej ntawm qhov kev npaj no yuav tsum yog 150 mm. Lub hauv paus tshwm sim yog compacted thiab abundantly wetted nrog dej. Txhawm rau kom yooj yim cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txiav txim siab qhov chaw nyob ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub formwork, nws lub hauv paus yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj zog li sai tau. Ua li no, nws yog them nrog ib tug cement-xuab zeb mortar los yog poured nrog ib tug nyias txheej ntawm pob zeb. Kab rov tav yuav tsum tau txheeb xyuas siv cov qib dej hauv tsev.
Formwork rau stairs thiab ceilings
Yog tias lub formwork rau cov ntaiv tau raug teeb tsa, ces lub hauv paus yuav tsum tau tsim ntawm qhov chaw teeb tsa ntawm cov qauv, uas txuas nrog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsev. Thaum tsim slab formwork,tsim lub hauv paus ntawm cov ntaub thaiv npog uas txhawb nqa los ntawm telescopic racks. Lub hauv paus cheeb tsam yog kho tsis nrog kab teeb, tab sis nrog I-beams thiab ntoo beams.
Txoj kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim formwork
Thaum koj tau nce qib thiab ntxiv dag zog rau lub hauv paus hauv qhov trench, koj tuaj yeem pib nruab lub formwork. Siv txoj hlua thiab pegs, qhia txog thaj tsam ntawm cov qauv tsim, ua raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm qhov project. Raws li ib puag ncig ntawm lub hauv paus, pegs thiab tuav yog ntsia rau txhua sab. Qhov chaw uas fim lub hauv paus yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm los ntawm cov kab kos ntawm qhov deb sib npaug ntawm cov thickness ntawm cov formwork panels. Pegs yuav tsum tau tuav hauv qab ntawm cov ntaub thaiv npog, thaum cov tuav yuav dhau los ua lub hauv paus rau cov khoom siv. Ntoo shields yuav tsum tau txuas nrog cov kab teeb thiab pegs, fastening nrog rau tes. Sab hauv ntawm cov ntaub thaiv npog yuav tsum rov ua cov duab sab nrauv ntawm lub hauv paus yav tom ntej.
Cov Lus Qhia Tus Kheej
Yog tias tom qab koj xav zom rau ntawm pob zeb, ces koj yuav tsum indent ntawm ntug ntawm formwork los ntawm lub cim los ntawm 15 mm. Sab saum toj ntawm cov khoom txhawb nqa yuav tsum tau kho ntxiv nrog cov khoom siv. Ua li no, siv lub rooj tsavxwm, qhov ntev ntawm qhov yuav tsum yog 1.5 npaug ntau dua qhov siab ntawm lub hauv paus. Nrog rau ib qho ntug, nws yuav so tawm tsam sab sauv ntawm lub nqaj txhawb nqa, thaum nrog rau lwm qhov - tawm tsam av. Nrog lub thickness loj ntawm lub hauv paus, thaum cov kev txhawb nqa tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus lub siab, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau ua ib pawg ntawm formwork nrog ntxiv.dhia. Lawv yog ua los ntawm hlau pas nrig, uas yuav cia koj mus khi opposite shields.
Technology rau erecting vaj tse nrog ruaj formwork
Formwork rau pob zeb tuaj yeem tsis tshem tau, cov cuab yeej no feem ntau siv niaj hnub no hauv kev tsim tsev. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub formwork ntsiab yuav ua raws li ib tug ntxiv txheej ntawm thermal rwb thaiv tsev. Tus nqi ntawm kev ua haujlwm yuav tsawg npaum li qhov ua tau, vim tias cov nqi ua haujlwm tsis tsim nyog. Tom qab tsim thiab waterproofing ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev, formwork yog ntsia rau nws, uas zoo li nthuav polystyrene pwm. Lawv txuas nrog profiles. Cov pwm muaj pos-groove locking system, uas tso cai rau koj los txuas cov ntsiab lus kom ruaj khov thiab tsis muaj qhov khoob. Qhov no tshem tawm tag nrho qhov muaj peev xwm nkag mus ntawm cov tshuaj thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm sagging ntawm qhov sib txuas ntawm cov ntawv.
Formwork tuaj yeem muaj qhov sib txawv kiag li, tab sis cov blocks uas qhov chaw khoob muaj qhov dav ntawm 150 hli yog suav tias yog tus qauv. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, ntawm ob sab muaj polystyrene ua npuas ncauj nrog ib txheej ntawm 5 mus rau 7.5 cm. Qhov no yuav txaus kom lub tsev sov nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no thiab txias nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov. Thaum cov tsev tsim los ntawm monolithic reinforced pob zeb siv thev naus laus zis ntawm kev tsim cov formwork ruaj khov, pob zeb yog poured rau hauv lub tom kawg tom qab installation. Sai li nws txheej ncav cuag lub thickness ntawm 50 cm, cov khoom yuav tsum tau compacted nrog ib tug vibrator.
Nco ntsoov
Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias tsuas yog pob zeb siv tau rau pouring tsau formwork, kev siv cov sib tov sov yog tsis suav nrog. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias cov vapor permeability ntawm nthuav polystyrene yog tsawg, thiab cov vapor permeability ntawm sov mixs.siab dua. Yog tias cov pob zeb sov sov yog sandwiched ntawm cov txheej txheej ntawm thermal rwb thaiv tsev, ces condensation yuav nyob rau hauv, thaum lub sij hawm uas fungus thiab pwm yuav yeej tsim. Qhov kev siv tshuab ntawm monolithic reinforced pob zeb tsis muab qhov xav tau rau kev rwb thaiv tsev ntxiv. Cov phab ntsa yuav tsum tau plastered nrog ib tug zoo nkauj muaj pes tsawg leeg los yog sheathed nrog siding. Qhov zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem yog qhov yooj yim ntawm kev ua haujlwm, tus nqi qis thiab tsis xav tau kev rwb thaiv tsev ntxiv. Txawm li cas los xij, lub tsev yuav ua tsis taus pa.
Precast technology
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov pob zeb ua vaj tse prefabricated yog tias lawv tsis tau sib sau ua ke ntawm cov chaw tsim kho, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub Hoobkas. Qhov no tso cai rau cov khoom zoo dua qub. Nyob rau theem kev tsim khoom, cov tshuab siv tshuab tau siv ntau, nrog rau cov khoom siv ua haujlwm siab. Tus nqi ntawm cov qauv zoo li no yog qis dua, txij li cov txheej txheem ntawm cov txheej txheem raug txo kom tsawg. Precast qhob yog tsim los rau hauv tus account tus nqi tsis tseem ceeb ntawm formwork installation, txij li qhov no nws yog reusable.
Cov pob zeb muaj zog tau muab faib ua plaub chav kawm raws li lawv lub hom phiaj, uas yog:
- rau cov chaw muaj khoom;
- Cov khoom siv pob zeb sib txawv ntawm cov profile sib txawv;
- rau kev tsim kho vaj tse thiab vaj tse;
- rau engineering cov qauv.
Precast qhob rau kev siv pej xeem suav nrog hauv pem teb, ya davhlau ntawm ntaiv, vaj huam sib luag, tsaws, lub hauv paus pob zeb thaiv thiab phab ntsa. Rau kev lag luamsiv, cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog, kab hauv paus, pawg thiab hauv pem teb slabs yog siv.
DIY precast qhob
Cov cuab yeej formwork tseem yuav tsum tau ua yog tias koj tus kheej xav ua cov khoom siv pob zeb ntxiv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qee cov kws ua haujlwm hauv tsev ntseeg tias nws tsis yog qhov tsim nyog los siv nyiaj rau kev txhawb nqa, vim cov pob zeb twb muaj zog thiab kev ntseeg siab. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv 90% ntawm cov xwm txheej, cov khoom siv thauj khoom yog cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke, xws li nro thiab compression. Qhov kev txhawb zog yuav raug nro, tiv thaiv cov qauv ntawm kev tawg. Cov pob zeb tsuas yog tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntsug tau zoo thaum nws muaj cov duab ntawm lub voos xwmfab, uas tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv chav kuaj xwb.
Zaj lus
Kev tsim cov pob zeb rau pouring lub hauv paus yuav tsum ua raws li qhov sib piv ntawm cov khoom xyaw. Yog li, qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm cov cement, xuab zeb thiab gravel yog raws li nram no: 1:3:5.
