Qhov cub yog ib qho ntawm cov qauv qub ntawm tib neeg, tab sis txog niaj hnub no cov cuab yeej cua sov tseem nrov. Nws tsis yog tsuas yog lub hom phiaj ua haujlwm xwb, tab sis kuj dhau los ua qhov zoo nkauj ntxiv rau txhua lub tsev.
Yog tias koj xav ntxiv koj lub tsev nrog cov cuab yeej zoo li no, koj yuav tsum paub koj tus kheej nrog kev siv tshuab ua haujlwm. Chav tsev yuav tsum sov chav tsev kom zoo, tsis txhob ua pa luam yeeb thiab sib tov zoo nrog sab hauv.
Design nta
Ua ntej koj pib tso, koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab ntawm thaj chaw thiab ntim ntawm chav tsev uas koj npaj yuav tsim. Piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem nqa thaj tsam ntawm 10, 15 thiab 20 m2. Hauv qhov no, lub qab nthab yuav muaj qhov siab li ntawm 3.5 m. Qhov ntim ntawm qhov chaw yuav tsum sib npaug li 35, 50 thiab 70 m3, raws li. Qhov piv ntawm qhov cub qhov cub rau qhov ntim tau hais tseg yog raws li hauv qab no: 1 mus rau 50 rau 1 txog 70. Tus nqi kawg yog 2 txhiab; 3k thiab 4k cm2.
Ua ntej koj pib tso qhov cublos yog qhov cub, koj yuav tsum xav txog qhov ntev ntawm lub firebox portal. Rau thawj tus nqi, lawv yog 36 x 45 cm, rau qhov thib ob - 44 x 67 cm thiab rau 3rd - 52 x 77 cm.
Ncua tseg teb
Thaum kos cov phiaj xwm chimney, nws yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account tias qhov ntev ntawm cov yeeb nkab cib yuav yog 14 x 14 cm thiab 14 x 27 cm. yuav tsum muaj txoj kab uas hla ntawm 8 mus rau 14 cm. Nyob rau hauv cov kauj ruam tom ntej, koj yuav tau txiav txim siab qhov kawg ntawm lub chimney, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov piv txwv no nws yuav tsum tau txwv ntawm 4 mus rau 5 m.
Firebox tsim
Thaum tso lub qhov cub thiab qhov cub, cov kws ua haujlwm siv rau hauv tus account seb tus tsim lub qhov cub yuav muaj dab tsi. Txhawm rau kom lub qhov cub kom muaj peev xwm zoo dua los cuam tshuam cov cua sov, nws cov phab ntsa sab hauv yuav tsum tau ua ntawm lub kaum sab xis. Ob sab phab ntsa yuav tsum tig tawm sab nraud, thiab phab ntsa tom qab yuav tsum tig me ntsis rau pem hauv ntej. Txoj kev nqes hav yuav tsum pib ntawm ib feem peb ntawm qhov siab. Yuav tsum muaj cov pa taws tso rau saum lub firebox. Lub cornice yuav tsum muab tso rau nruab nrab ntawm nws thiab lub firebox. Cov khoom no yog tsim nyog los tiv thaiv kev khiav tawm ntawm soot thiab sparks rau hauv chav tsev. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub tsev tiv thaiv cov pa taws.
Txhawm rau kom nkag siab qhov loj npaum li cas lub qhov cub yuav tsum muaj, koj yuav tsum qhia nws qhov chaw nyob ntawm chav tsev. Qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tso lub qhov cub yog cov phab ntsa kawg lossis cov phab ntsa sab hauv ntawm cov ces kaum ntawm lub tsev. Kev tsim kho yuav tsum tsis txhob npaj tiv thaiv phab ntsa,nyob opposite ib qhov uas muaj qhov rais. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias yog tias tsis muaj kev cog lus tsis txaus, muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim cov ntawv sau.
Yuav ua li cas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev saib xyuas
Yog tias lub qhov cub sov tau ntev, cov phab ntsa ntawm cov yeeb nkab tuaj yeem kub heev, uas tuaj yeem ua rau hluav taws kub yog tias lub tsev ua los ntawm ntoo. Yog tias koj tseem xaiv qhov kev xaiv no, ces koj yuav tsum muab kev tiv thaiv hluav taws. Cov phab ntsa tom qab tau muab tso rau hauv ib nrab ntawm lub cib, nws cov tuab yuav yog 12 cm. Cov phab ntsa sab nraud yog mounted rau hauv ib lub cib, qhov no tus nqi yog 25 cm.
cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb
Thaum tso qhov cub thiab qhov cub, koj yuav tsum siv kev txiav txim. Txhawm rau piav qhia nws, koj yuav tsum siv daim ntawv hauv ib lub thawv. Lub plinth yog tsim los ntawm kev tso cib ntawm ntug, tab sis koj tuaj yeem mount nws tiaj tus. Hauv kab thib ob, cov khoom siv dag zog. Qhov qis ntawm lub firebox yuav tsum yog 2-3 cib kab deb ntawm hauv pem teb, uas yog kwv yees li 30 cm.
Npaj cov khoom
Tso qhov cub thiab qhov cub yuav tsum muaj cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no:
- brick;
- sand;
- xub av nplaum;
- cement;
- pa taws damper;
- reinforcebars.
Xuab zeb yuav tsum tsis muaj plua plav thiab khib nyiab, thiab nws cov nplej loj yuav tsum sib npaug li qhov txwv ntawm 0.2 txog 1.5 hli. Yuav kom ua tiav purity, xuab zeb yog muab tso rau hauv dej thiab ntevlub sijhawm tseem nyob mus li. Cov dej yuav tsum tau hloov nyob rau hauv ob peb txoj kev mus txog rau thaum lub teeb tag.
Rau qhov tso qhov cub, nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv Cambrian xiav av nplaum. Tab sis yog tias qhov no tsis nyob ntawm tes, koj tuaj yeem siv qhov cub av nplaum. Rau kev daws, koj yuav tsum yuav cov cement qib M-300 lossis M-400. Cov pob zeb thiab cov pob zeb crushed yog siv los sau lub hauv paus, qhov loj ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub tom kawg tuaj yeem sib npaug ntawm qhov txwv ntawm 2 mus rau 6 cm. Raws li cov khoom siv ntxiv, lawv yuav xav tau txog 20 daim nrog qhov ntev ntawm 700 mm. Txoj kab uas hla tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm 8mm txog 10mm.
Txoj Kev Ua Haujlwm
Tso qhov cub thiab qhov cub pib nrog kev npaj ntawm lub hauv paus. Koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab nws qhov loj me. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum nrhiav lub hauv paus ntawm qhov deb ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev, tsis tas txuas ob lub ntsiab lus. Tom qab koj tau txiav txim siab qhov ntev, koj tuaj yeem kos ib txoj kev npaj ntawm theem hauv qab daus. Qhov dav ntawm lub hauv paus yuav tsum yog tib yam li qhov dav ntawm lub hauv paus kab hauv qab, tab sis txog 5 cm yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau qhov nqi no.
Ua haujlwm ntawm lub hauv paus
Thaum thawj theem, koj yuav tsum npaj ib lub qhov, qhov loj ntawm qhov yuav yog 10 cm loj dua lub hauv paus nws tus kheej, qhov tob ntawm lub qhov yuav yog kwv yees li 60 cm. Lub hauv paus tuaj yeem yog cib lossis pob zeb. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab txog cov khoom siv, koj tuaj yeem mus los ntawm tus nqi thiab koj tus kheej nyiam.
10 cm crushed pob zeb yog nchuav rau hauv qab, uas yog compacted. Lub hauv paus yuav tsum yog kab rov tav. Tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem pib sau. Formwork ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau qhov siab los ntawm cov ntoo boards yog pre-ntsia. Cov phab ntsa ntawm lub thawv yog kho nrog cov resin los ntawm sab hauv thiab upholstered nrog cov khoom vov tsevrau waterproofing. Txhawm rau npaj cov mortar, siv ib feem ntawm cov cement thiab peb seem ntawm cov xuab zeb.
Cov khoom xyaw yog tov qhuav, ces dej ntxiv rau lawv. Cov sib tov yog stirred kom txog thaum nws tau ib homogeneous sib xws, zoo li tuab qaub cream. Tom qab ntawd nchuav yog nqa tawm, thiab tom qab ntawd lub hauv paus tseem tshuav kom txog thaum npaj txhij. Nws sab saum toj yuav tsum smoothed los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas qib. Qhob yog npog nrog polyethylene thiab sab laug rau 7 hnub. Tsuas yog tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem pib tso. Lub hauv paus yuav tsum yog 6 cm hauv qab theem.
Lub qhov cub masonry
Txoj qhov cub thiab qhov cub tau ua tiav yuav luag raws li tib lub tswv yim. Nyob rau theem tom ntej, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau nteg 2 txheej ntawm waterproofing ntawm lub hauv paus, piv txwv li, cov khoom siv vov tsev. Ces cov cib yog calibrated. Xaiv cov uas koj xav tau. Av nplaum yog tsau rau 2-3 hnub. Dej yog ntxiv rau nws thiab kneaded raws li cov tshuaj thickens. Thawj kab yog nteg tawm nrog ib tug ntug. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv cov tshuaj ntxiv nrog cov cement.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau tshawb xyuas cov geometry ntawm cov kab tas li. Rau qhov no, twine thiab square yog siv. Cov ces kaum yuav tsum nruj nreem ntsug. Koj yuav tsum ua raws kab kab rov tav nrog kev pab ntawm qib.
Lub cib muab tso rau hauv dej rau 2-3 feeb ua ntej tso. Yog tias qhov kev tswj hwm no tsis saib xyuas, cov khoom siv yuav nqus dej noo los ntawm kev daws, uas yuav txo tau lub zog ntawm cov masonry. Kev tso thiab kev teeb tsa ntawm qhov cub thiab qhov cub yog ua los ntawm kev siv trowel lossis trowel thaum nws tsim nyog los tsim ib qho chaw tas mus li.
qhov qhib qhov rooj yuav tsum tau themjumpers, uas yog:
- vaulted;
- clinker;
- arched.
Cov lintels yuav tsum tau mounted siv ib tug formwork-lub voj voog. Ua ntej, heels yog nteg, lub configuration ntawm uas yuav txiav txim los ntawm lub tiav lawm voj voog. Thaum tso lub chimney rau ntawm lub ru tsev, yuav tsum siv xuab zeb-cement mortar. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas lub chimney yuav mus rau lub ru tsev, yuav tsum tau saib xyuas rau nruab ib tug otter, uas yog hu ua ib tug inlet. Nws muab kev tiv thaiv hluav taws.
cov lus qhia ib kauj ruam rau tso qhov cub
Thaum thawj theem, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau nteg tawm cov hmoov tshauv yias thiab qis dua ntawm thawj lub hau los ntawm cib. Hauv qhov no, siv cov xuab zeb-av nplaum tov. Nyob rau theem ob, lub qhov rooj ntoo tshauv yog ntsia. Rau fastening, siv galvanized hlau. Nyob rau theem thib peb, ib lub grate yog ntsia saum toj ntawm cov ntoo tshauv chamber.
Tom ntej no, koj tuaj yeem ua qhov kev teeb tsa ntawm lub firebox. Nyob rau hauv lub compartment no yog nteg tawm nrog refractory bricks. Cov khoom yuav tsum nyob ntawm ntug. Nyob rau theem no, yuav tsum tau siv cov tshuaj masonry. Nws tau npaj tib yam li tus qauv, tab sis tsis yog cov av nplaum yooj yim, cov av nplaum refractory yog siv, uas tseem hu ua fireclay.
Lub qhov rooj combustion chamber yog tsau nrog steel phaj. Thaum tso lub qhov cub lossis qhov cub nrog koj tus kheej tes, koj tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nrog cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis kom txog thaum koj mus txog 19th kab. Nyob rau theem no, lub combustion chamber raug thaiv, thiab tom qab ntawd lub qhov cub nrog cov burners tuaj yeem tso rau lub qhov cub. Lub rooj tsavxwm no feem ntau yog tsim los ntawmcam khwb cia hlau.
Qhov sib npaug ntawm cov masonry yog tswj los ntawm qib tsev. Tom ntej no, thawj lub hau yog nteg tawm, uas yuav nyob ntawm sab laug ntawm tus qauv. Nyob rau theem no, ib qho channel rau lub caij ntuj sov khiav yog tau nruab. Lub qhov cub tau nruab, thiab tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem ua qhov tso ntawm phab ntsa ntawm qhov chaw ua noj. Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem nruab lub valve rau lub caij ntuj sov khiav channel. Lub valve yog nyob rau hauv lub ces kaum sab hauv.
Kev tso tawm yuav tsum tau nqa mus txog 20 kab, thiab tom qab ntawd qhov chaw ua noj thiab thawj lub hau yuav tsum raug kaw. Ib lub qhov yog nyob rau hauv cov khoom masonry rau lub caij ntuj sov chav kawm. Lub portal ntawm lub brewing compartment yog kaw nrog hinged qhov rooj. Cov qhov rooj yuav tsum muaj cov iav uas tiv taus cua sov. Qhov no yuav tso cai rau koj los saib xyuas cov txheej txheem ntawm kev hlawv roj. Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem nruab lub qhov rooj ntxuav, nteg cov phab ntsa ntawm lub hood thiab nteg cov hniav siv nyob ib ncig ntawm lub qhov cub.
Tam sim no koj yuav tsum pib tsim cov yeeb nkab. Nws yog qhov zoo dua yog tias lub chimney yog ua los ntawm cib. Qhov kev tsim no yuav kav ntev dua piv rau asbestos thiab hlau kav. Thaum tso cib qhov cub thiab qhov cub, qhov kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab nraud ntawm cov khoom siv kuj tau ua. Qhov kev xaiv yooj yim tshaj plaws yuav yog plastering. Txwv tsis pub, koj tuaj yeem tsom rau koj tus kheej nyiam thiab pob nyiaj siv.
Masonry mixes
Txhawm rau npaj cov av nplaum sib tov, koj yuav tsum noj cov khoom xyaw ntawm tib lub npe, uas tuaj yeem ua dawb lossis liab. Nws yog ua ke nrog xuab zeb, thiab ces dej yog ntxiv rau cov khoom. Cov xuab zeb yuav tsum yogcalibrated. Txhawm rau ntxuav nws los ntawm cov pob zeb zoo thiab zaub impurities, yuav tsum siv lub sieve. Ib yam yuav tsum tau ua nrog av nplaum, sim ua kom tiav nws cov uniformity.
Ib feem av nplaum yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau ib feem xuab zeb. Cov dej hauv cov tshuaj yuav tsum yog ib feem peb ntawm cov av nplaum. Thaum npaj ib qho sib tov rau tso cov av nplaum qhov cub thiab qhov cub, koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau qib ntawm cov roj cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tshuaj, uas cov elasticity thiab astringent zog ntawm cov sib tov nyob ntawm seb. Qhov no kuj qhia txog kev ntseeg ntawm tus tsim. Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them rau qhov purity ntawm cov dej.
Cov tshuaj rau lub qhov cub yuav tsum muaj roj tsawg. Yog hais tias nws yog mos heev, qhov no yuav ua rau lub fact tias cov tiav masonry yuav tawg, tab sis lub lean mortar yuav tsis muab cov qauv nrog txaus ntseeg. Qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws yog ib qho uas muaj elasticity txaus los xyuas kom meej tias cov qauv tseem ruaj khov tom qab ziab.
txiv qaub mortar
av nplaum rau lub qhov cub yog qhov zoo dua tsis txhob siv, vim qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau tawg. Nyob rau theem no, nws yog qhov zoo dua los npaj cov txiv qaub sib tov. Txhawm rau kaw nws, peb feem ntawm cov xuab zeb thiab ib feem ntawm cov txiv qaub muab tshuaj yuav tsum tau siv. Yuav kom tau txais qhov kawg, peb feem ntawm dej thiab ib feem ntawm quicklime yuav tsum tau siv. Yog tias cov kua txiv qaub tau npaj kom raug, nws qhov ceev yuav tsum yog 1,400 kg / m 3. Rau kev tsim kho ntawm lub qhov cub hluav taws xob thiab cov hauv paus, cov tshuaj khib tuaj yeem yuav npaj tau.
Yam ntxwv ntawm Hercules GM-215 masonry nplaum
rau tso qhov cub thiab qhov cubkua nplaum ua haujlwm zoo heev. Ib qho piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshav kub "Hercules". Nrog nws, koj tuaj yeem ua txhua lub voj voog ntawm kev ua haujlwm - los ntawm masonry mus rau grouting. Lub thickness ntawm seam yuav tsum yog 7 hli los yog tsawg dua.
Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib tov yog cov hauv ob sab phlu ntawm qhov cub thiab qhov cub uas raug cuam tshuam rau cov teebmeem dynamic thiab thermal. Qhov sib tov tiv taus qhov kub siab txog 1200 ˚С, nws yog yas thiab tuaj yeem siv hauv tsev nrog cov av noo ib txwm muaj.
Cov khoom sib tov qhuav rau tso qhov cub thiab qhov cub tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov hnyav ntawm -50 ˚С. Ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau hais txog:
- kub tsis kam;
- frost resistance;
- hluav taws kub;
- kub tsis kam.
Cov khoom xyaw no yog polymeric thiab raws li cov cement. Ntawm cov hauv paus tsim nyog rau kev siv cov kua nplaum, ib qho tuaj yeem tawm clinker cib thiab cov khoom lag luam los ntawm:
- clay;
- fireclay;
- ceramics.
Lub qhov cub thiab qhov cub refractory mix yog tsim nyog rau cov txheej txheem uas tsis tshua muaj ntxeem tau cov vuas luaj, cov vuas clinker, cov vuas terracotta, thiab qhov cub porcelain stoneware.
Nyob hauv kaw
Tom qab tso lub qhov cub lossis qhov cub, ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv no yuav tsum tau kho. Qhov no tshwm sim rau ntau yam. Thawj ntawm lawv yog cov xwm txheej tsis zoo, qhov thib ob yog qhov yuam kev. Qhov thib peb yog vim li cas yuav ua haujlwm tsis raug.
Yuav kom lub cuab yeej tsis tas yuav rov tsim kho dua, txhua txoj cai thev naus laus zis uas tau piav qhia saum toj no yuav tsum tau ua raws. Piv txwv li,Koj yuav tsum xaiv cov av nplaum zoo rau tso qhov cub thiab qhov cub, uas yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj impurities.
