Qhov yooj yim ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv lub tsev thiab kev ua haujlwm ntev ntawm cov qauv tsim ncaj qha nyob ntawm seb lub ru tsev sib tshooj zoo li cas. Muaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv npaj rau sheathing lub ru tsev ncej. Kev teeb tsa ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv yog ua raws li qee yam thev naus laus zis. Feem ntau, lub ru tsev ntawm lub tsev yog ua tiav nrog slate, hlau vuas los yog corrugated board.
Yuav ua li cas ru tsev
Muaj ob txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb ntawm sheathing lub ru tsev ncej - nrog lossis tsis muaj rwb thaiv tsev. Qhov kev xaiv thib ob feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov tsev me me hauv lub tebchaws nrog me me attics. Lub ru tsev ntawm cottages feem ntau yog insulated. Qhov no tso cai rau koj los nruab ib lub tsev zoo nkauj, yog li ua rau thaj chaw nyob ntawm lub tsev.
Thaum sib sau ua ke cov txheej txheem vov tsev, cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no feem ntau siv:
- vapor barrier;
- khoom siv sab hauv;
- rwb thaiv tsev (feem ntau cov ntaub plaub ntxhia);
- waterproofer (cov txheej txheem polyethylene zaj duab xis);
- txoj vov tsev lawv tus kheej.
Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv no yuav tsumntsia rau hauv ib qho kev txiav txim. Thaum sib sau ua ke lub ru tsev slab nyob rau hauv txoj kev txias, tsuas yog siv ib tug waterproofing neeg sawv cev thiab vov tsev ntawv.
Yam uas koj yuav tsum paub
Txawm li cas los xij ntawm kev sheathing lub ru tsev thav duab yog xaiv, qhov cua qhov sib txawv yuav tsum tau npaj ntawm cov khoom siv waterproofing thiab cov khoom vov tsev. Koj tuaj yeem ua nws los ntawm kev teeb tsa lub txee-lattice los ntawm lub bar.
Kho cov nplooj ntawv ntawm lub ru tsev thav duab siv cov fasteners tsim tshwj xeeb rau cov khoom siv vov tsev no. Ua ntej pib lub sheathing, tag nrho cov ntoo ntawm lub truss system yuav tsum tau kho nrog antiseptic thiab hluav taws-resistant compounds.
Kev txhim kho lub ru tsev txias: nta
Yog lub tsev hauv tsev yuav tsum ua kom tsis muaj cua sov, lub ru tsev npog yog nruab rau hauv ob peb kauj ruam:
- zaj duab xis waterproof yog txuas rau rafters;
- mount lub crate;
- pab lub ru tsev nrog cov khoom siv vov tsev xaiv.
Cov zaj duab xis yuav tsum tau kho nrog ib tug sag ntawm txog 2 cm (tsuas yog tshwj xeeb yog ib co niaj hnub kim waterproofing khoom). Qhov sib tshooj ntawm cov strips yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg 15 cm, txhawm rau kom nruj, lawv yuav tsum tau ntxiv nrog cov nplaum nplaum. Nws raug nquahu kom ceev cov yeeb yaj kiab nrog cov tuav nrog lub thickness tsawg kawg yog 2.5-3 cm. Yog li, qhov tsim nyog qhov sib txawv yog teem.
Lub crate yog mounted nrog ib kauj ruam muab rau ib qho tshwj xeebcov khoom siv vov tsev. Cov laug cam nyob rau hauv nws yuav tsum muaj zog txaus. Cov ntoo yuav tsum tsis txhob dav thiab tsis nqaim dhau. Ib lub nqaj tuab lossis cov laug cam dav yuav twv yuav raug cuam tshuam thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm lub ru tsev. Cov ntoo uas nqaim dhau los yog nyias yuav tsis txhawb nqa qhov hnyav ntawm nplooj ntawv thiab daus thaum lub caij ntuj no.
rwb thaiv tsev ncuav mog qab zib los ua ke
Hauv cov tsev nyob, feem ntau cov ru tsev npog zoo dua yog npaj ntau dua li cov tsev nyob hauv lub tebchaws. Rwb thaiv tsev ru tsev, raws li twb tau hais lawm, tsim nyog ua yog tias muaj lub siab xav nruab ib lub tsev zoo nkauj hauv tsev. Cov txheej txheem nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no yuav zoo ib yam li thaum sib dhos lub ru tsev txias. Qhov tsuas yog qhov uas thaum txhim kho lub ru tsev sov, cov ntxhia wool slabs tau nruab nruab nrab ntawm cov rafters ua ntej kho cov dej tsis zoo.
Txhawm rau kom cov rwb thaiv tsev tsis txhob poob rau hauv qab nthab, nws yog kev txhawb nqa nrog cov laug cam lossis tsuas yog ib txoj hlua khi ntawm cov rafters. Mineral wool yuav tsum tau ntsia los ntawm surprise. Lub vapor barrier thiab hauv ob sab phlu yog mounted tom qab lub ru tsev yog them nrog cov ntawv txheeb. Hauv qhov no, cov yeeb yaj kiab kuj tseem txuas nrog cov rafters nrog cov tuav kom muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov cua.
Txhim kho cov khoom siv vov tsev tam sim tom qab sib dhos "pie". Txwv tsis pub, zaj duab xis waterproofing tej zaum yuav puas los ntawm cua los yog tej yam kev mob tej yam.
Txoj kev ntawm mounting slate
Cov khoom no, txawm tias qhov tseeb tias nws tsis txawv ntawm qhov zoo nkauj tshwj xeeb, yog qhov xav tau ntawm lub khw. Txhim kho lub ru tsev nrog slatentau tus tswv ntawm lub teb chaws tsev. Nws yog txhua yam hais txog nws tus nqi qis heev. Lub ru tsev slate feem ntau raug nqi 1.5-2 zaug pheej yig dua, piv txwv li, tib lub ru tsev hlau.
Txhawm rau ua kom lub ru tsev sheathed nrog cov khoom no zoo nkauj dua, cov nplooj ntawv tuaj yeem ua ntej thiab pleev xim rau siv cov txheej tshwj xeeb.
Ua haujlwm nrog slate thaum npog lub ru tsev yuav tsum ceev faj li sai tau. Tom qab tag nrho, cov khoom siv hnyav heev thiab tib lub sijhawm kuj tsis yooj yim. Ntawm cov tsev siab ntawm 2-3 plag tsev, nws tsim nyog tsim scaffolding nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub ru tsev sheathing. Slate tsuas tuaj yeem siv los npog cov nqes hav nrog lub kaum sab xis ntawm qhov tsawg kawg 22 degrees. Crate ntau dhau rau cov khoom no feem ntau tsis ua. Nyob rau hauv txhua daim ntawv, feem ntau, peb kab yog nteg - raws ntug thiab hauv nruab nrab.
Cov khoom no yog mounted los npog lub ru tsev ntawm sab xis mus rau sab laug thiab hauv qab mus rau saum. Ntawm lub ru tsev nrog lub kaum sab xis ntawm qis dua 30 degrees, ntsug sib tshooj yog tsawg kawg 12-14 cm, thiab kab rov tav sib tshooj yog ob nthwv dej. Ntawm lub ru tsev steeper tshaj 30 degrees, thawj qhov taw qhia tuaj yeem yog 10-12 cm. Kab rov tav sib tshooj hauv qhov no feem ntau ua tiav hauv ib nthwv dej.
Kev txiav txim ntawm cov ntaub ntawv asbestos-cement
Qhov tseeb, kev teeb tsa ntawm slate nws tus kheej yog ua raws li hauv qab no:
- mount peb nplooj ntawv hauv qab kab;
- set ob - kab tom ntej;
- peb daim ntawv hauv qab yog mounted dua.
Raws li cov txheej txheem no, lub ru tsev tau npog mus txog qhov kawg. Txuas cov ntawv slate raucov ntsia hlau tshwj xeeb. Hauv qhov no, qhov yog pre-drilled hauv cov khoom. Txhua daim ntawv feem ntau siv 4 tus ntsia hlau. Hauv qab lawv, nco ntsoov siv cov roj hmab gasket. Slate nplooj ntawv yog fastened los tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj ntawm txheej vim qhov kub thiab txias hloov nrog ib tug me ntsis backlash. Cov ntsia hlau yuav tsum tau tsav mus rau saum nthwv dej.
Tom qab tag nrho cov slate tau muab tso, yuav tsum tau nruab ib lub voj voog kom ruaj khov ntawm lub ru tsev. Koj tuaj yeem ua los ntawm tin los yog pleev xim boards.
Euroslate (ondulin thiab lwm yam) yog mounted siv kwv yees li tib lub tshuab. Qhov tsuas yog qhov no, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo nyeem cov chaw tsim khoom cov lus qhia. Nws tuaj yeem piav qhia qee cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev teeb tsa.
ru tsev nrog cov vuas hlau: cov cai yooj yim
Cov khoom no kim dua li cov slate, tab sis nws kuj siv tau ntev dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov nplais hlau zoo li ntxim nyiam dua. Nws yog ib qho ua tau rau mount cov nplooj ntawv ntawm lub ru tsev nrog lub kaum sab xis ntawm 14 degrees. Cov kauj ruam ntawm lub crate nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no nyob ntawm lub yoj dav ntawm cov khoom. Cov boards yuav tsum tau muab ntim kom lawv poob rau hauv lub crest ntawm nthwv dej.
Install sheets
Qhov tseeb, qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov ntawv tso ntawm ntau yam no yog hais txog tib yam li cov slate. Cov khoom no feem ntau yog muab nrog ntau tus lej ntawm ntau yam ntxiv. Ua ntej pib qhov tseeb sheathing ntawm lub ru tsev nrog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov vuas hlau, yuav tsum tau nruab ib lub qhov dej.
Ua nws, suav nrogywj siab, nws yooj yim. Yav dhau los, cornice sawb tau teeb tsa rau ntawm ntug qis ntawm txoj kab nqes. Lawv kho nws siv tus kheej tapping screws, muab tso rau hauv increments ntawm 25 cm. Qhov tseeb, lub receiver chute nws tus kheej yog tsau siv arc-shaped brackets ntsia ntawm qhov deb ntawm 1-1, 2 m ntawm ib leeg. Lub downpipe yog tsau rau phab ntsa nrog tshwj xeeb clamps.
Nyob rau theem tom ntej, cov ntaub pua plag hauv qab yog mounted (yog tias xav tau los ntawm lub ru tsev). Lub ru tsev npog sib sau ua ke siv cov vuas hlau kuj tseem txhim khu kev qha yog tias lub chimney waterproofing apron yog pre-installed. Tsuas yog tom qab kev txhim kho tom kawg, koj tuaj yeem pib nrawm, qhov tseeb, cov nplooj ntawv ntawm cov khoom siv vov tsev lawv tus kheej. Txiav cov vuas hlau tsuas yog siv txiab yooj yim rau cov hlau lossis hluav taws xob. Lub grinder tsis tuaj yeem siv los txiav cov khoom no. Thaum txhim kho cov nplooj ntawv lawv tus kheej, koj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov kab capillary grooves.
Tom qab lub ru tsev yog sheathed nrog nplooj ntawv, gable kawg strips, lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, lub chimney apron thiab lub kwj ha sab sauv.
Yuav ua li cas rau nruab corrugated board
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib txuas cov nplooj ntawv ntawm ntau yam no zoo ib yam li cov cuab yeej siv vov tsev nrog cov vuas hlau. Npog lub ru tsev nrog corrugated board, txawm li cas los xij, tuaj yeem ua tau yog tias nws qhov chaw siab tshaj qhov qis dua 12-14 degrees. Cov khoom no hnyav me ntsis ntau dua li cov pobzeb hlau. Nws raug nqi tsawg dua, tab sis nws nyuaj dua los nqa nws mus rau lub ru tsev. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseeb, kev teeb tsa ntawm corrugated board nws tus kheej yog yooj yim duacov nplais hlau. Qhov tseeb yog tias nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no nws tsis yog tsim nyog los saib xyuas lub capillary grooves thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub sab sauv tiv thaiv txheej. Koj tuaj yeem txiav corrugated board nrog lub grinder.
Yuav ua li cas ua lub ru tsev slab siv lwm yam ntaub ntawv
Ntxiv rau cov ntawv hlau thiab asbestos-cement, cov ntaub ntawv vov tsev, nrog rau cov vuas hloov tau lossis av nplaum, tuaj yeem siv los tiv thaiv lub ru tsev. Dov cov ntaub ntawv mos feem ntau yog siv rau ntawm lub ru tsev sloping (txog 15 degrees). Lub crate nyob rau hauv lub ru tsev cov ntaub ntawv yog npaj cov khoom - los ntawm plywood los yog chipboard. Strips yog glued nyob rau hauv 2-3 txheej ntawm molten bitumen. Lawv kuj muab cov seams.
Thaum siv cov vuas hloov tau, cov ntaub pua plag hauv ob sab phlu yog pre-mounted ntawm ib lub crate tas li. Cov khoom siv vov tsev nws tus kheej tsuas yog glued rau hauv ib qho kev txiav txim nrog ib txheej nplaum.
Nyob rau hauv cov vuas av nplaum, vim cov khoom hnyav, lawv nruab ib lub crate ntawm cov ntoo nrog ib kauj ruam sib xws rau qhov loj ntawm cov pobzeb. Cov khoom no yog fastened mus rau lub ru tsev ncej los ntawm txhais tau tias ntawm screws los ntawm tshwj xeeb qhov (nrog ua si). Ib qho staple yog siv rau txhua lub pobzeb thib peb.
