Kev tsim lub ru tsev yog ib theem tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm ib lub tsev. Lub durability ntawm lub tsev, kev nplij siab ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv nws nyob ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm nws tsim thiab installation.
Kev xaiv lub ru tsev yog nyob ntawm ntau yam. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom xav txog tag nrho cov nuances. Hauv qhov no, txhua txoj haujlwm tuaj yeem ua rau nws tus kheej. Yuav ua li cas kom raug xam thiab mount lub ru tsev nrog koj tus kheej tes yuav tau tham nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm.
Yuav ua li cas xaiv lub ru tsev?
Ua ntej pib ntawm txoj kev tsim kho, koj yuav tsum ua kom muaj peev xwm suav tau. Ua-nws-koj tus kheej vov tsev tuaj yeem tsis muaj qhov phem tshaj qhov ua tau zoo dua li kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kws tshaj lij. Niaj hnub nimno technology ua rau nws ua tau. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab kom meej tag nrho cov nuances ntawm kev tsim kho.
Ua ntej, cov txheej txheem rau kev suav thiab npaj lub tsev yav tom ntej yog ua tiav. Lub ru tsev muaj qhov hnyav. Qhov no yog cuam tshuam los ntawm nws qhov ntev thiab cov khoom siv los tsim nws. Hom lub hauv paus nyob ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm lub ru tsev. Tsim ib txoj kev npaj yuav pab xam qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev.
Ua ntej koj xav tauxaiv hom ru tsev, nws lub kaum sab xis ntawm inclination. Qhov ntsuas no nyob ntawm qhov chaw nyab xeeb ntawm thaj chaw. Yog li ntawd, rau cov cheeb tsam uas muaj nag lossis daus loj, cov kab nqes hav yuav tsum yog txoj kab nqes. Qhov no yuav tiv thaiv kev sib sau ntawm cov daus thiab dej ntawm lub ru tsev. Txwv tsis pub, lub nra loj yuav ua rau lub hauv paus.
Lub zog ntawm cua nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam kuj txiav txim seb lub ru tsev yuav zoo li cas. Ua-nws-koj tus kheej lub ru tsev yog tsim tsuas yog tom qab ua tib zoo xam. Yog tias muaj cua daj cua dub hauv cheeb tsam, lub ru tsev yuav tsum tsis txhob ntse heev. Txwv tsis pub, txav huab cua huab cua yuav ua rau lub nra ntawm cov qauv. Hauv tej cheeb tsam no, lub ru tsev yuav tsum tiaj tus.
Nco ntsoov tias lub ru tsev tsis tuaj yeem nqes qis dua 5 °. Qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov cheeb tsam uas muaj dej nag siab thoob plaws hauv lub xyoo yog cov toj siab nrog lub kaum sab xis ntawm 45 °. Hom khoom siv hauv kev tsim kho kuj cuam tshuam rau kev xaiv ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub ru tsev.
Nyob ru tsev
Muaj ntau hom ru tsev. Kev xaiv kuj tau ua nyob rau theem kev npaj. Kev tsim kho niaj hnub muaj kev xaiv loj ntawm cov qauv zoo li no. Lub ru tsev tuaj yeem ua tau ib leeg lossis ob lub pitched, kuj muaj cov qauv nrog 4 nqes hav. Hip designs zoo li qub. Kuj tseem muaj gable thiab ntau txoj kab nqes. Lawv tuaj yeem ua los ntawm cov khoom sib txawv. Cov ru tsev mos yog nrov. Nws yog qhov yooj yim heev los ua tus qauv tsim nrog koj tus kheej tes. Kuj tseem muaj cov ru tsev uas muaj slate, hlau vuas, corrugated board, thiab lwm yam.
Yog cov phab ntsa ntawm qhov siab tsis sib npaug, yuav tsum ua lub ru tsev. Hom qauv no yog siv rau kev tsim kho cov chaw lag luam. Gable ru tsev yog siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm private tsev. Ob txoj kab nqes tuaj yeem sib txawv lossis tib qhov ntev. Thaum siv cov tswv yim zoo li no hauv tsev, koj tuaj yeem ua ib lub tsev hauv tsev lossis hauv tsev.
Plaub lub ru tsev yog qhov kev tsim kho ntau tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim kho ntiag tug. Lawv zoo li lub pyramid, qhov siab uas yuav txawv.
ru tsev zoo li qub. Lawv tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm lub tsev hauv tsev. Cov qhov siab zoo li trapeziums. Frontal zones yog daim duab peb sab.
Gable thiab ntau lub suab yog suav tias yog qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, yuav tsum tau ib tug heev tseeb xam. Kev tsim kho tib lub sijhawm yuav xav tau kev txawj tshwj xeeb los ntawm tus tswv. Cov qauv tsim muaj ntau yam ntxiv, kev sib txuas txawv txawv. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los tso siab rau kev tsim lub ru tsev rau cov kws tshaj lij.
Kev xaiv ntawm flooring
Kev xaiv ntawm hom kev pab cuam tshwm sim ntawm theem kev npaj. Kev teeb tsa ntawm tus qauv nws tus kheej, kev xaiv ntawm nws cov rafter system, nrog rau lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev, nyob ntawm seb hom khoom siv. Qhov hnyav tshaj plaws yog lub ru tsev, them nrog ceramic slate. Qhov no yog ib yam khoom uas pheej yig heev. Nws daim ntawv thov yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog rau lub hauv paus thiab rafters.
Feem ntau, ua-nws-koj tus kheej vov tsev yog tsim los ntawm cov vuas hlau lossis cov ntawv profiled. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, qhov hnyav ntawm cov qauv yuav me me. nthuav tawm rau kev muag khoomntau yam profiles thiab xim ntawm cov khoom zoo sib xws. Qhov no tso cai rau koj los tsim tsis tau tsuas yog muaj zog, tab sis kuj tsim kom zoo nkauj.
Muaj lwm hom ru tsev. Hauv qhov no, cov khoom siv tau yooj yim (cov khoom siv euroroofing, cov khoom siv vov tsev) yog siv rau nws cov flooring. Qhov kev xaiv no yog qhov yooj yim rau nruab. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws cov nqi tseem siv tau rau yuav luag txhua tus neeg yuav khoom. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog cov khoom siv tsawg kawg nkaus. Kev kho dua tshiab ntawm lub ru tsev nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej thaum siv cov khoom siv hauv pem teb.
Txoj kab nqes ntawm txoj kab nqes feem ntau nyob ntawm kev xaiv cov khoom siv. Rau cov qauv slate, qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm inclination yog 22 °. Yog tias koj npaj yuav nruab ib lub ru tsev mos nrog koj tus kheej tes, koj yuav tsum xav txog cov txheej txheem ntawm cov flooring. Yog tias muaj 3, koj tuaj yeem xaiv lub kaum sab xis rau txoj kab nqes ntawm 5 °. Rau lub ru tsev ob-txheej, qhov qis kawg yog 15 °.
Rau daim ntawv profiled, lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub ru tsev yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg 12 °, thiab rau cov pobzeb hlau - 14 °.
Design elements
Lub ru tsev ntawm lub tsev muaj qee yam qauv. Koj tuaj yeem tsim cov qauv zoo li no nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes tsuas yog tias tus tswv nkag siab nws lub cuab yeej. Txhua lub ntsiab yog tsim ua ntu zus. Ua ntej, ib lub crate yog tsim. Nws yog tsim los ntawm ib tug bar ntawm txawv thicknesses. Kev xaiv yog nyob ntawm tus tsim thiab cov khoom siv ntawm lub ru tsev. Qhov hnyav dua, qhov tuab ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub truss yuav tsum yog.
Ib txheej vapor barrier yog pw rau saum lub crate. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tiv thaiv cov tsub zuj zuj ntawm noo noo nyob rau hauvtsim. Condensation sau vim qhov kub thiab txias. Ib lub rhaub yog mounted rau saum lub vapor barrier. Lawv tuaj yeem yog ntxhia ntaub plaub. Qhov no yog ib qho khoom zoo rau ib puag ncig uas tsis raug combustion.
Kev tiv thaiv dej yog nteg tawm ntawm lub rwb thaiv tsev. Nws yuav tsis cia nag lossis daus nkag mus rau hauv cov qauv. Ua tiav cov vov tsev. Qee zaum, tej zaum yuav muaj ntau txheej. Nws nyob ntawm hom kev tsim kho, kev nyab xeeb ntawm thaj chaw.
Lub rafter system, nyob rau hauv lem, muaj ib tug mauerlat, rafter ob txhais ceg, ridge ntoo, struts, thiab battens. Nws yog ntsia rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev. Lawv yog pre-strengthened nrog hlau reinforcement. Nws yog mounted nyob ib ncig ntawm lub perimeter. Galvanized studs yog ntsia rau hauv qhov kev siv zog no. Nrog lawv cov kev pab, Mauerlat (lub hauv paus ntawm lub truss system) yog tsau nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus.
Kev ua kom zoo ntawm txhua qhov kev teev npe yog ib kauj ruam uas yuav tsum tau ua hauv kev tsim lub ru tsev.
Xaiv thaj tsam ntawm lub ru tsev gable
Kev npaj ceev faj yuav tsum muaj txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim lub ru tsev nrog koj tus kheej tes. Kev teeb tsa thiab kev suav muaj ntau tus yam ntxwv raws li hom ru tsev xaiv. Ua ntej, thaj tsam ntawm tus qauv txiav txim siab. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv tau txais, nws yuav muaj peev xwm yuav cov khoom xav tau.
Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias thaj chaw ru tsev yuav tsawg dua li hauv pem teb. Nws muaj cov nplooj ntawv uas sib tshooj. Kuj tseem muaj txoj hauv kev tshwj xeeb los txuas cov vaj huam sib luag. Ib ntawmnrov ntau yam yog seam vov tsev. Nws tsis yooj yim los tsim kev sib txuas nrog koj tus kheej tes. Kev suav ntawm cov khoom siv yog nyob ntawm cov yam ntxwv qhia los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom hauv pem teb hauv cov ntaub ntawv kev tshaj lij.
Txhawm rau ua qhov kev suav kom raug, koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab qhov ntev uas tshwm sim hauv txoj kev npaj. Ua ntej, koj yuav tsum kos ib lub ru tsev ntawm daim ntawv. Ib kab yog kos thaum uas tig mus rau nws lub hauv paus. Ib kab yog qis rau nws los ntawm sab saum toj ntawm cov qauv. Ib txoj kab nqes ua ib daim duab peb sab ntawm daim ntawv. Qhov ntev ntawm nws lub hauv paus yog qhia los ntawm tsab ntawv A. Qhov siab ntawm daim duab peb sab no yog sau los ntawm tsab ntawv B, thiab nws cov hypotenuse yog denoted los ntawm tsab ntawv C. Qhov ntev ntawm txoj kab nqes yog denoted los ntawm tsab ntawv D.
Kev suav yuav ua raws li hauv qab no:
Area=SD.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov ntev ntawm lub overhangs ntawm lub eaves. Yog tsis suav lawv mus rau hauv tus account, kev xam yuav tsis raug.
Hp ru tsev xam
Ua-nws-koj tus kheej corrugated vov tsev tuaj yeem ua rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub duav qauv. Nws yuav muaj ob txoj kab nqes trapezoidal. Qhov kawg yuav ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm equilateral daim duab peb sab. Raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov duab zoo li no, thaj tsam ntawm lub ru tsev kuj pom.
Yuav kom pom thaj tsam ntawm txoj kab nqes, koj yuav tsum siv cov qauv hauv qab no:
Area \u003d (A + B)B / 2, qhov twg A yog qhov ntev ntawm sab sauv ntawm txoj kab nqes, B yog qhov ntev ntawm ntug ntug ntawm txoj kab nqes, C yog qhov siab ntawm lub trapezoid.
Cov txiaj ntsig tau txais yuav tsum muab faib ua 2, vim lub ru tsev tsuas muaj ob txoj kab nqes hav xwb. Qhov chaw ntawm daim duab peb sab sib npaug pom siv cov qauv hauv qab no:
Square\u003d (AB) / 2, qhov twg A yog lub hauv paus ntawm daim duab peb sab, B yog qhov siab ntawm daim duab peb sab.
Qhov tshwm sim kuj muab faib ua ob, vim tseem muaj ob qhov kawg ntawm lub ru tsev. Thaum xam, koj yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account lub cornices.
Kev teeb tsa ntawm Mauerlat
Ua-nws-koj tus kheej lub ru tsev installation pib nrog kev tsim cov truss system. Nws yuav muab tso rau hauv cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm cov cua sov, chav dej thiab cov dej tsis zoo, nrog rau cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua tiav. Paub txog thaj tsam ntawm lub ru tsev, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xam nws qhov hnyav. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum xav txog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov tuam ntxhab ntawm tag nrho cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Lawv qhia qhov hnyav ntawm tag nrho cov dov, daim ntawv decking.
Kev txhim kho pib nrog kev npaj ntawm txoj siv hlua khi nyob ib ncig ntawm tag nrho ib puag ncig ntawm lub tsev. Galvanized studs yuav tsum protrude los ntawm nws mus rau qhov siab ntawm txog 3 cm. Mauerlat yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub ru tsev. Nws yog tsim los ntawm ib tug bar nrog ib tug ntoo khaub lig seem ntawm 15 x 15 cm (rau nruab nrab lub ru tsev) los yog 20 x 20 cm (rau ib tug tag nrho cov qauv).
Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo yuav tsim ib txoj siv ntxiv, ib txheej waterproofing yuav mounted rau nws. Nws tuaj yeem yog ruberoid. Nws yog nteg nyob rau hauv 2 txheej. Tom qab ntawd, koj tuaj yeem mus rau lub installation ntawm Mauerlat. Nws yog muab tso rau ntawm studs, uas yuav tsum tau screwed nrog galvanized ceev. Qhov sib npaug ntawm lub thav duab raug tshuaj xyuas siv lub tsev theem.
Thaum tsim lub ru tsev nrog koj tus kheej tes, koj yuav tsum tau ceev faj. Skews tsis raug tso cai. Txwv tsis pub, tsis ntev tag nrho cov haujlwm yuav tsum rov ua dua.
Kev txhim kho rafters
Ua-nws-koj tus kheej lub ru tsev installation yuav tsum tau installation ntawm ib tug truss system. Rau nws, ib tug bar yog siv los yogboards (section 15 x 15 cm). Cov txheej txheem rafter yog ob hom: dai lossis txheej.
Yog li, rau lub duav qauv, kab pheeb ces kaum yuav tsum tau. Lawv kuj hu ua narodniks. Rafter ob txhais ceg hauv qhov no yuav luv luv. Lawv yuav txhawb nqa tag nrho cov kab ke los ntawm ob sab. Cov rafters yuav so ntawm Mauerlat. Cov neeg tsim kev paub dhau los pom zoo kom ua lub ru tsev ua ke nrog tus pab.
Cov ntu sab saud ntawm lub kaw lus truss yuav so ntawm lub ridge. Qee zaum, qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus yog pauv mus rau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov rafters. Txhawm rau txuas cov tuav, siv skate ntawm no, uas yog ob lub rooj tsavxwm. Lawv yog angled.
Txhim kho cov qauv, cov khoom siv, cov hlua khi, cov hlua khi yog siv. Ob txhais ceg ntawm rafters protrude tshaj phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev. Qhov no tso cai rau koj los tiv thaiv lub hauv paus los ntawm dej, daus.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xaiv lub suab zoo ntawm cov rafters. Nws tuaj yeem yog los ntawm 60 mus rau 100 cm. Qhov ntsuas no yog xaiv raws li cov khoom siv. Yog tias hnyav, koj yuav tsum tau ua ib kauj ruam ntau dua. Nws tseem tsim nyog xav txog tias qhov ntau dua ntawm txoj kab nqes ntawm txoj kab nqes, qhov dav dav ntawm cov rafters tuaj yeem ua tau.
Crate
Tom qab tsim lub tshuab truss, koj yuav tsum tau ua ib lub crate. Rau qhov no, tuav nrog ib ntu ntawm 5 x 5 cm yog siv, Ua ntej koj yuav tsum tau nruab ib txheej vapor barrier. Nws txoj kev xaiv nyob ntawm tus yam ntxwv ntawm thaj chaw, kev nyab xeeb. Koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo ua raws li cov chaw tsim khoom cov lus qhia. Lub vapor barrier yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm lub truss system.
Tom ntej no, koj yuav tsum tau mount ib txheej ntawm rwb thaiv tsev. nruab nrab ntawm nwsthiab vapor barrier yuav tsum muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm 5 cm. Txwv tsis pub, ntoo yuav rot, sai sai tawg.
Insulation yog nteg nruab nrab ntawm cov rafters. Cov txheej no tseem yuav ua haujlwm ntxiv soundproofing. Tom ntej no, ib txheej ntawm waterproofing yog mounted. Thaum cov txheej no tau mounted, koj tuaj yeem pib ntim cov crate. Nws yog khoom hla lub rafters.
Yog tias koj npaj tsim lub ru tsev muag muag nrog koj tus kheej tes, koj yuav tsum ua kom tiav ib lub crate tas li. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, noo noo resistant plywood yog zoo tagnrho. Rau cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj, lub crate tuaj yeem ua los ntawm cov tuav lossis cov laug cam. Tej zaum lawv yuav nyob deb ntawm ib leeg. Qhov ntsuas no nyob ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov txheej txheem tiav. Yog tias nws yog slate, koj tuaj yeem ua qhov nrug ntev dua.
Tiav
Nyob rau theem kawg ntawm kev txhim kho lub ru tsev nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes, koj yuav tsum tau tso cov khoom uas tau xaiv rau ntawm theem npaj. Piv txwv li, cov tswv txiav txim siab los tsim ib txheej txheej los ntawm cov khoom muag muag. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, cov khoom crate yog them nrog ib txheej ntawm vov tsev cov ntaub ntawv. Ntawm nws, pib los ntawm hauv qab, cov khoom siv vov tsev pib mounted. Kev kho yog ua tiav nrog cov ntsia hlau.
Txhua kab tom ntej yuav tsum muab tso rau raws nraim, tsom mus rau tus qauv yav dhau los. Skews tsis raug tso cai. Hav, skates thiab ebbs raug kaw kawg. Qhov tshwm sim yog ib daim ntaub uas tsis nkag mus rau noo noo, cua, thiab lwm yam.
Yog tias cov tswv txiav txim siab ua kom tiav lub ru tsev nrog slate, ib lub ru tsev yog khoom ntawm nws lub hauv paus. Cov khoom siv yuav ua raws li nws. Thaum twgthawj daim ntawv ntawm slate yuav muab tso rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub crate nrog qhov khoob, nws yog tsau nrog cov ntsia hlau tshwj xeeb. Lawv muaj lub kaus mom dav.
Daim ntawv tom ntej ntawm slate yog sib tshooj. Nws kuj yog kho nrog cov ntsia hlau. Cov kab tom ntej no kuj sib tshooj ntawm cov khoom dhau los. Qhov no tsim ib txheej impenetrable. Cov pobzeb hlau kuj sib tshooj. Nws txoj kev sib txuas tshwm sim nrog kev pab ntawm folds.
Tau txiav txim siab seb qhov kev suav thiab kev teeb tsa lub ru tsev nrog koj tus kheej txhais li cas, koj tuaj yeem tsim cov qauv zoo sib xws ntawm koj tus kheej. Kev tsim kho thiab kev cai yuav tsum ua raws nraim.
