Xim plaster yog txheej txheej zoo nkauj uas siv los ua kom tiav cov phab ntsa. Cov tshuaj tuaj yeem siv sab nraud lossis sab hauv tsev, chav tsev, tsev ntiav, chaw ua haujlwm thiab thaj chaw rau ntau lub hom phiaj. Kev sib xyaw yog siv los txhim kho cov khoom zoo nkauj ntawm lub hauv paus.
Lo lus "plaster" los ntawm Italian thiab txhais lus txhais ua "alabaster". Cov plaster sib tov rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj muaj cov khoom zoo ib yam li cov plaster zoo tib yam, ntawm lawv nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg:
- cement;
- lime;
- sand.
Tab sis qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb yog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm granulate. Qhov no yog ib yam khoom dawb-ntws nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm granules. Lawv yog cov ntoo fibers, nplua pob zeb chips, thiab lwm yam. Xim plaster tuaj yeem muag tau npaj txhij. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, ua ntej dilution nrog dej los yog hnyav tsis tas yuav tsum tau. Hauv lub khw koj tuaj yeem pom cov qauv qhuav uas yuav tsum tau diluted ua ntej siv.
Kev siv ntxiv
Zoo ntawm qhov kawgQhov tshwm sim, sib txawv fillers tuaj yeem ntxiv rau plaster:
- shells;
- me me ntawm mica;
- pebbles.
Tom qab ua tiav ntawm theem polymerization, txheej zoo li cov organic rau ntawm phab ntsa. Siv txoj kev no, nws muaj peev xwm tau txais qhov chaw peb-dimensional.
Hom hniav plaster
Xim plaster muaj muag rau ntau hom. Nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg leeg siv, koj tuaj yeem tau txais ib lub phab ntsa nrog ib qho kev cuam tshuam. Qee qhov kev daws teeb meem tso cai rau koj kom ua tiav cov qauv zoo kawg nkaus. Thaum lwm tus tso cai rau koj ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev nyem.
Nrog cov khoom sib xyaw no koj tuaj yeem ua raws li cov khoom siv ntuj tsim. Hniav plaster yog muab faib raws li ob peb lub hauv paus ntsiab lus. Raws li hom muab tub lim, nws tuaj yeem ua tau:
- qauv;
- textured;
- Venetian.
Cov qauv tsim thiab kev pom zoo tsim ib qho chaw ntxhib. Lawv hu ua embossed. Raws li rau Venetian, nws tuaj yeem siv los tsim ib qho chaw tiaj tus, yog li cov kev daws teeb meem no yog plasters du.
Tag nrho cov npe ntawm cov khoom sib tov yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom zoo ib puag ncig, ua tsaug rau qhov lawv suav tias txhim khu kev qha, nyab xeeb thiab ruaj khov.
Hom raws li cov ntaub ntawv thov: acrylic plaster
Acrylic xim plaster muaj lub siab molecular hnyav polymer ua cov ntawv khi, uas yog acrylicresin. Nrog nws cov kev pab, nws muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo elasticity ntawm txheej. Cov khoom muaj xws li cov organic thiab inorganic pigments. Ua tsaug rau lawv, qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg tuaj yeem tau txais cov xim sib txawv.
Txoj kev sib sau
Cov plasters no feem ntau yog muag npaj ua. Lawv qhov tsis zoo yog qhov vapor permeability tsawg, yog li cov khoom siv tsuas yog siv. Xws li plaster yog raug rau ultraviolet hluav taws xob, uas txhais tau hais tias dhau sij hawm lub txheej yuav tawg. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj acrylic resin, yog li saum npoo tuaj yeem pleev xim rau hauv txhua yam xim uas siv cov xim pleev xim.
Mineral plaster
Xim hniav plaster tuaj yeem ua pob zeb. Nyob rau hauv nws, cement ua raws li ib tug binder. Xws li cov tshuaj yog pheej yig thiab feem ntau yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm qhuav sib tov, uas yuav tsum tau diluted nrog dej ua ntej pib ua hauj lwm. Mineral plaster yog qhov zoo rau kev kho chav dej thiab kev siv sab nraum zoov.
Nyob rau hauv huab cua ntub, dej tsawg yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau cov tshuaj. Mineral plaster yog suav tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau ib puag ncig, thaum lub sijhawm nws tsuas yog muaj zog dua, thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm nws tsis ntshai ntawm kev puas tsuaj thiab tiv taus cov hluav taws xob ultraviolet. Tab sis nws yog qhov tsis tsim nyog los ntxuav qhov saum npoo nrog kev pab ntawm cov cuab yeej thiab siv lub zog siab thaum ua qhov no.
YSilicon thiab silicate plasters
Phab ntsa kho kom zoo nkauj nrog cov xim plaster yog qee zaum ua nrog kev pab los ntawm silicone sib tov, hauvuas binder yog hluavtaws resins. Cov kev daws teeb meem zoo li no tsis yog siv rau kev ua haujlwm sab hauv xwb, tab sis kuj rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab nrauv. Cov tshuaj yog ib qho yooj yim mus thov thiab yas. Nws yog resistant rau ultraviolet rays, tsis nyiam tsw thiab plua plav. Cov txheej txheem dej noo yog tsim rau ntawm phab ntsa, yog li silicone plaster tuaj yeem siv rau sab nrauv phab ntsa cladding nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm high humidity.
Feem ntau, cov kev daws teeb meem no muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv npaj ua tiav nrog cov xim sib txawv. Feem ntau cov xim facade plaster rau siv sab nraum zoov yog silicate. Cov iav ua kua ua ib txoj hlua khi hauv qhov no. Qhov sib tov yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm lub zog siab, tsis kam mus rau putrefaction thiab pwm, nrog rau lub peev xwm los tawm tsam dej. Cov tshuaj muaj cov nplaum, impregnating thiab astringent tshuaj. Nws tuaj yeem siv rau txhua qhov chaw.
Nws yog yam ntxwv ntawm hluav taws kub thiab vapor permeability. Cov sib tov yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug npaj-ua tov nyob rau hauv sib txawv ntxoov. Qhov no plaster yog ib qho ntawm feem txhim khu kev qha, thiab nws cov kev pab cuam lub neej ncav cuag 50 xyoo. Silicone thiab silicate plasters feem ntau yog siv rau hauv kev kho kom zoo nkauj façade thiab kev tsim kho hauv thaj chaw uas muaj huab cua ntub.
Textured plaster
Textured plaster rau phab ntsa muaj coarse-dispersion, high-viscosity qauv. Cov muab tub lim yog linen fibers, ntxhia chips, ntoo, pob zeb me me thiab mica. Cov sib tov yog siv rau decorating qhob,cib thiab plaster nto.
Koj tuaj yeem siv cov ntaub ntawv plaster rau phab ntsa ntawm sab hauv thiab sab nraud. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb, ua tsaug rau qhov loj me me thiab qhov tsis sib xws tuaj yeem muab zais rau ntawm phab ntsa. Rau kev kos duab ua ntej tsis tas yuav tsum tau ua. Lub hauv paus yuav tsum qhuav thiab huv si. Yog tias muaj cov coatings, ces lawv raug tshem tawm, thiab tom qab ntawd siv cov nplaum nplaum. Hloov chaw, koj tuaj yeem siv pob zeb sib cuag rau kev txhim khu kev qha ntawm plaster rau phab ntsa.
txheej muaj qhov tawv tawv, tsim cov txheej txheem cua-permeable thiab tsis muaj dej. Qhov tshwm sim yog qhov chaw uas ua raws li cov pob zeb ntuj, ntaub, ntoo, lossis lwm yam khoom siv ntuj tsim.
Ntawm lwm hom hniav plaster, textured yog nrov tshaj plaws, ntxiv rau, nws tseem ceeb rau nws tus nqi qis. Lub plaster yog ua nyob rau hauv ib tug qhuav thiab tiav daim ntawv. Nws tuaj yeem tinted rau txhua yam xim thaum thov lossis dyed tom qab ziab. Kev siv ib 1 square meter yog mus txog 2 kg. Nrog rau kev nce hauv qhov feem ntawm cov muab tub lim, ntau qhov sib xyaw yuav tsum tau siv rau ib txheej.
Thaum huab cua los nag thiab ntub, cov plaster no yuav tsum tsis txhob siv rau sab nraum zoov. Qhov kub yuav tsum siab tshaj +7 ˚С. Daim ntawv thov tuaj yeem ua tiav yam tsis tas siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb. Tsis tas yuav koom nrog cov kws tshaj lij. Txawm nrog kev kho tus kheej, koj tuaj yeem ua tiav cov kev xaiv tsim sib txawv.
Cov lus qhia rau kev xaiv
Ua ntej xaiv cov xim plaster rau sab hauv, koj yuav tsum xav txog seb nws yuav siv li cas. Piv txwv li, cov ntxhia muaj pes tsawg leeg tsis pom zoo kom yuav yog tias cov phab ntsa raug kev co tas li. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau kev tsim cov kab nrib pleb. Qhov no yog lub ntsiab drawback ntawm kev piav qhia sib tov. Cov kab nrib pleb hauv cov phab ntsa uas npog nrog cov pob zeb hauv av yuav tshwm sim hauv cov tsev nyob ze rau ntawm txoj kev loj, kev tsheb ciav hlau.
Silicate plaster yog txhim khu kev qha thiab ruaj khov, tab sis nws kuj tsis tiv taus kev co. Qhov zoo ntawm qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg yog tias nws yuav luag tsis qias neeg, qhov chaw tsis nyiam av. Yog tias koj npaj siab yuav ua kom zoo nkauj phab ntsa kho kom zoo nkauj nrog cov xim plaster, ces koj tuaj yeem xaiv acrylic sib tov, nws yog ntau yam. Qhov kev sib xyaw no yog siv los ua kom tiav qhov chaw sab hauv thiab kho kom zoo nkauj facades.
Acrylic plaster yog ib qho kev daws teeb meem zoo rau cov chav uas muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Cov txheej no yooj yim los ntxuav, nws yog qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws thiab kev daws teeb meem yooj yim. Tom qab kho, koj tsis tas yuav tos ntev heev, vim tias qhov sib tov yuav qhuav sai dua li lwm cov tebchaw. Qhov no ua rau txoj haujlwm yooj yim dua. Acrylic hniav plasters tsis yog li ntawd xav tau ntawm kev npaj ntawm lub hauv paus.
Cov ntawv khi hauv silicone plaster yog cov ntaub ntawv polymers. Cov khoom sib tov no yog qhov kim tshaj plaws ntawm cov so. Ib qho txiaj ntsig zoo yog qhov yooj yim ntawm daim ntawv thov thiab plasticity. Txawm tias tsis muaj kev tshaj lij yuavmuaj peev xwm tiv nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm plastering nto. Lub hauv paus yog yooj yim los ntxuav tom qab ziab.
Yuav ua li cas rau koj tus kheej plaster
Cov pib tshiab feem ntau xav paub yuav ua li cas pleev xim plaster rau lawv tus kheej. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub no, ib tug muaj pes tsawg leeg ua raws li lub hauv paus. Ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau hais txog:
- gypsum nrog txiv qaub;
- gypsum;
- lime;
- cement;
- cement with txiv qaub.
Cov khoom sau tuaj yeem yog:
- baby;
- sand;
- pob zeb hmoov av.
Cov tshuaj ntxiv rau plaster tuaj yeem ntxiv rau hauv cov khoom xyaw, lawv yog:
- hydrophobic tshuaj;
- plasticizers;
- tshuaj tua kab mob.
Kev ntxhib los mos ntawm plaster yuav nyob ntawm seb hom thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov muab tub lim. Piv txwv li, bark beetle yuav muaj qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov nplej ntawm tib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 1.5 mus rau 5 hli. Tus menyuam yaj yuav siv li ob lossis peb qhov loj me ntawm ib zaug. Yuav muaj ntau lub pob zeb nyob ntawm no. Cov tshuab muab tub lim feem ntau yog siv hauv pebble plasters.
Kev siv thev naus laus zis
Kho kom zoo nkauj muaj pes tsawg leeg yuav tsum tau siv rau hauv ib txheej. Nws thickness yuav nyob ntawm qhov feem ntawm cov muab tub lim. Qhov saum npoo yog sib npaug nrog mortar siv lub smoother thiab spatula. Yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj seams nruab nrab ntawm cov chaw kho mob.
Plasteringyuav tsum tau ua los ntawm ob tug neeg ua haujlwm. Ib tug ntawm lawv yuav siv lub mortar, thiab qhov thib ob yuav cuam tshuam nrog texturing siv lub cuab yeej xaiv. Yog tias lub façade yuav tsum tau ua tiav nrog plaster ntawm cov xim sib txawv, koj yuav tsum tau muab cov hlua khi rau ntawm ciam teb, thiab tom qab tshem nws, koj tuaj yeem tau txais kev hloov pauv.
Thaum cov tshuaj dries, koj tuaj yeem pleev xim rau phab ntsa lossis pleev xim rau lawv nrog txhuam qhuav. Qhov chaw tom qab kev ua haujlwm li no yuav tau txais qhov tshwj xeeb qhov tob. Thaum nws yog tsim nyog los ua kom tiav ib tug du nto, plastering yog nqa tawm nrog ib tug homogeneous sib tov nrog ib tug nplua-grained muab tub lim. Tom qab lub hauv paus dries, nws yuav tsum tau sanded nrog ib tug grater nrog ib tug abrasive mesh.
In xaus
Thaum ua cov sib tov ntawm nws tus kheej, cov muab tub lim tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv cov tshuaj hauv qhov ntim tsis pub ntau tshaj 70% ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm. Yog tias daim duab dhau lawm, qhov no yuav cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem.
Plaster tuaj yeem muaj qhov sib txawv, xws li gypsum, txiv qaub lossis xuab zeb-cement. Hauv thawj kis, koj tuaj yeem siv cov tshuaj hauv cov chav qhuav lossis hauv cov xwm txheej nrog cov av qis thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Sand-cement mortar yog qhov zoo rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab nraum zoov thiab ntub chav.
