Txhua xyoo, kwv yees li ib nrab lab tus tib neeg tuag hauv ntiaj teb vim tsis muaj dej huv uas tsim nyog rau haus. Qhov no tshwm sim vim qhov tseeb tias ntau dua 80% ntawm tag nrho cov peev txheej dej tau siv rau hauv cov av hauv thaj av suab puam ntawm peb lub ntiaj teb. Cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm ib lub tuam txhab tsim cov khoom siv hydrophobic tau tsim cov xuab zeb npog los txo nws qhov kev xav tau dej thiab dej. Cov tebchaws African, nrog rau cov xeev ntawm Middle East, raug kev txom nyem feem ntau los ntawm kev tsis muaj dej haus tshiab, uas yog vim li cas cov xuab zeb hydrophobic tau tsim nyob rau hauv United Arab Emirates, txawm li cas los xij, nrog kev txhawb nqa los ntawm German kws tshwj xeeb.
Yuav kom nkag siab nws qhov xwm txheej, nws yuav tsum tau kawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm hydrophobicity.
hydrophobicity yog dab tsi thiab nws txawv ntawm hydrophilicity li cas?
Ob lub ntsiab lus sib cuam tshuam no siv tau rau txhua yam khoom thiab cov khoom siv. Lawv muaj lub luag haujlwm rau qhov yooj yim los yog tsis sib cuag nrog dej. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv nrog ib tug hydrophilic nto, ib tug tee dej kis tau tag nrho thiab yog absorbed. Xws li lub cev muaj xws li carbonates, silicates, sulfates, av nplaum thiab silicate iav. Qhov chaw hydrophobic repels ib tee dej thiab tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv. Tag nrho cov hlau, paraffins, rog, waxes thiab qee hom yas muaj cov cuab yeej no. Hydrophobicity yog qhov tsawg ntawm hydrophilicity. Hauv kev lag luam textile, fabrics yog hydrophilized kom lawv dyed ntau, thiab lawv hydrophobization pab ua kom lawv waterproof.
Yuav ua li cas txhawm rau tiv thaiv hydrophilic zog hauv cov xuab zeb?
Txawm tias tsis muaj kev nkag siab tob rau hauv lub cev ntawm cov khoom, nws yog qhov tseeb tias cov xuab zeb zoo kawg nkaus hla thiab nqus dej. Tab sis ua tsaug rau niaj hnub nanotechnology, cov kws tshawb fawb tau ua haujlwm xav tau los ntawm kev hloov cov khoom qub ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Yuav kom tau txais cov xuab zeb hydrophobic, lawv yuav tsum tau kho txhua cov xuab zeb nrog cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb, cov lus zais uas tsis qhia tawm. Cov xuab zeb no khaws nws cov khoom rau 30 xyoo. Txog tam sim no, cov xwm txheej no tau tshwm sim nyob rau theem ntawm kev sim, tab sis lub tuam txhab tau npaj ua haujlwm ntawm kev lag luam. Nws siv sijhawm li 40 vib nas this los ua cov xuab zeb, tab sis cov neeg tsim khoom muaj peev xwm tsim tau 3,000 tons ntawm hydrophobic xuab zeb txhua hnub.
Yuav ua li cas xuab zeb txiav thoob ntiaj teb kev siv dej?
Cov kws tshawb fawb pom zoo siv cov xuab zeb hydrophobic ua cov txheej txheem dej sib cais ntawm cov av fertile,uas cov nroj tsuag loj hlob, thiab tag nrho lwm cov av strata. Cov txheej no yuav txo cov dej hauv ib hnub los ntawm 5 zaug rau ib hnub, vim tias cov dej yuav tsis mus rau qhov tob, tab sis yuav txhawb nqa cov hauv paus hniav. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau txawm tawm mus rau hauv qhov kev sim siab loj los cog nplej hauv thaj chaw qhuav, tab sis tseem tsis tau muaj txiaj ntsig.
Xuab zeb nrog cov khoom siv hydrophobic tseem yuav pom kev siv zoo hauv kev tsim kho thaum tsim cov hauv paus, tshwj xeeb hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj dej hauv av siab.
Yuav ua li cas ua cov xuab zeb hydrophobic koj tus kheej?
Txhawm rau tso ib txhais tes ntawm cov xuab zeb hauv dej thiab muab nws qhuav, nws yuav tsum tau kho ua ntej, feem ntau nrog silicone polymers. Feem ntau cov xav paub ntau yog haunted los ntawm cov lus nug: nws puas tuaj yeem ua cov xuab zeb hydrophobic hauv tsev? Tau kawg, nws yog qhov ua tau, tab sis tsis yog qhov zoo li no thiab khaws nws cov khoom rau lub sijhawm ntev. Muaj ib txoj kev uas qee cov neeg qhia rau pej xeem raws li kev dag. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tso cov xuab zeb huv hauv qhov cub kub kub, cia nws sov kom zoo thiab qhuav rau ntawd. Tom qab ntawd tshem nws tawm thiab kho nws nrog cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv dej. Koj tuaj yeem yuav cov no ntawm txhua lub khw muag khoom kis las. Tom qab cov kev hloov pauv no, koj tuaj yeem rov tso thiab tshem cov xuab zeb ntawm lub thawv dej kom qhuav.
