Yog tias muaj cov av xuab zeb ntawm thaj chaw uas npaj tsim lub tsev, peb tuaj yeem xav tias koj muaj hmoo. Cov av zoo li no zoo dua li peat lossis av nplaum av. Nws cov kabmob muaj peev xwm zoo heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov xuab zeb ntxhib. Nws hla dej zoo, yog li nws tsis raug rau Frost heaving, thiab cov xuab zeb zoo tshaj plaws ua ib qho kev zam. Tab sis txawm nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tus tsim yuav tsum tau supplemented nrog ib tug kua system, cov yam ntxwv ntawm uas tau tham hauv qab no.
Ntau yam ntawm cov av xuab zeb
Yog koj xav tias thaum tsim tsev rau ntawm cov av xuab zeb, yuav tsum tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi, koj yuav tsum paub tias qhov no tsis muaj tseeb. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob ua yuam kev, thawj theem ntawm kev ua haujlwm nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ua cov kev tshawb fawb geodetic uas yuav txiav txim siab txog hom av. Nws tuaj yeem yog:
- plua plav;
- medium grain;
- fine-grain;
- gravel.
Dusty av muaj ntau cov nplej ntawm cov xuab zeb nrog qhov loj me uas tsis pub tshaj 0.1 hli. Cov xuab zeb nozoo li hmoov av, thiab lub ntiajteb txawj nqus ntawm cov xuab zeb zoo yog 75%. Cov av zoo li no yog qhov nyuaj heev, vim tias nws yooj yim rau cov dej hauv av saturation thiab tsim cov xuab zeb nrawm. Tab sis txawm nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, muaj ib tug panacea.
Cov xuab zeb zoo-grained plua plav yog yuav luag tag nrho cov xuab zeb hais (ntau dua 75%). Tab sis lawv qhov loj me twb mus txog 0.25 hli. Nrog cov dej noo ntau, cov av no poob nws lub peev xwm, yog li cov qauv yuav tsum tau ua kom tsis muaj dej ntxiv.
Lub hauv paus twg xaiv rau cov av xuab zeb?
Ua ntej koj tsim lub hauv paus hauv cov xuab zeb rau koj lub tsev, koj yuav tsum xaiv nws hom. Piv txwv li, txhua lub hauv paus yog tsim rau cov xuab zeb loj. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau siv sawb lossis kab ke, uas yuav ua raws li cov hauv paus blocks lossis ceramic cib, uas, txawm li cas los xij, txo qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov qauv.
Thaum ib lub tsev npaj yuav ua yam tsis muaj lub hauv paus, nws yog qhov zoo dua los tsim cov kab xev ntiav ntiav. Koj tuaj yeem xaiv lub hauv paus hauv qab, nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau lub tsev ua los ntawm cov khoom siv lub teeb, xws li panels lossis ntoo. Thaum xaiv lub hauv paus ntawm cov av xuab zeb, koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab seb cov nplej me me ntawm cov xuab zeb nyob ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm cov av. Yog tias cov xuab zeb zoo heev, plua plav, ces qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws yuav yog lub hauv paus monolithic.
Txhawm rau txo cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Frost heaving, nws yog qhov zoo dua los ua kom lub hauv paus trapezoidal, nthuav dav downwards. Ntawm qhov zoo ntawm lub hauv paus sawb tsis yog qhov muaj zog ntawm cov av yaig. Ua ntej pibpouring lub trench yuav tsum tau waterproofed los ntawm nteg hauv qab nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb zaj duab xis.
Yog tias kev tsim kho ntawm cov xuab zeb cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim kho lub tsev hnyav, nws yog qhov zoo dua los muab ib pawg lossis pawg-kab kab xev xaiv. Thaum cov av tsis muaj zog, nws yog qhov zoo dua los ua ib lub hauv paus ntawm cov xuab zeb cushion ntawm coarse xuab zeb. Rau cov av tsis muaj zog, ib pawg-strip foundation yog tsim nyog. Nws haum zoo rau cov av uas yooj yim rau kev tsim cov xuab zeb.
Rau kev tsim kho cov qauv, cov cim tau tsim thiab khawb lub hauv paus. Formwork yog ntsia rau hauv nws, thiab tom qab ntawd cov qhov dej yog drilled ntawm qhov kev sib tshuam ntawm daim kab xev. Lawv qhov tob yuav tsum yog li ntawd nws muaj peev xwm ncav cuag cov av txhim khu kev qha.
Thaum xaiv hom ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm cov xuab zeb nrawm, nws yog qhov zoo dua los muab kev nyiam rau cov qauv kab xev, uas nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm kev txhawb nqa yuav muaj cov kav dej asbestos-cement tsau nrog spacers. Kev daws yog nchuav rau hauv ib feem peb ntawm qhov tob, thiab tom qab ntawd cov yeeb nkab nce siab kom cov ntaub ntawv thickening los ntawm hauv qab.
Ntawm cov av ntiav, koj tuaj yeem tsim lub hauv paus. Nws ruaj khov thiab ruaj khov, vim hais tias cov pawg yuav nyob hauv qab ntawm txoj kab khov. Xws li tus qauv tsim muaj kev ntseeg siab ntau dua li ib tus ncej, uas, nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm heaving, tuaj yeem warp lossis ib feem.
Lub hauv paus-ntsia hlau tseem raug ntsia rau ntawm cov xuab zeb nrawm, vim tias cov kev txhawb nqa yuav ncav cuag hauv av. Lub hauv paus slab ntawm cov xuab zeb tseem hu ua ntab. Qhov no yog vim nws txav nrog rau hauv av. Yog li ntawd, cov qauv yuav luag tsis raug puas tsuaj. Nws yog txhim khu kev qha thiab ruaj khov, tab sis nws kim heev vim kev siv cov khoom siv. Haum slab puag rautsiv av, xws li nyob rau toj roob hauv pes. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, lub tsev yuav ntab nrog lub qhov cub yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj.
Ntseeg ntawm strip foundation
Lub hauv paus sawb ntawm cov xuab zeb tsis tob heev, qhov siab tshaj plaws yog 70 cm. Nws tuaj yeem muab cov ncej, ntoo, vaj huam sib luag lossis lub tsev cib me me rau ntawm cov qauv zoo li no. Lub tsev ua npuas ncauj tseem yuav tuav tau zoo kawg nkaus ntawm lub hauv paus sawb.
Strip kev tsim kho tuaj yeem ua tiav lossis monolithic. Rau cov tsev loj heev nrog rau hauv qab daus los yog ib qho chaw nyob hauv qab daus, lub hauv paus faus tob yog ua. Qhov tob ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm cov xuab zeb rau ib lub tsev cib yog 20 cm hauv qab ntawm qhov khov ntawm cov av. Thaum tsim lub hauv paus sib sib zog nqus, nws yuav tsum tau waterproofed los ntawm txhua sab, ua kom tag nrho cov kua dej. Qhov no yuav tso cai rau koj los tsim ib lub tsev nrog hauv qab daus, txawm tias muaj dej hauv av siab.
Lub hauv paus sawb ntawm cov xuab zeb yog ua raws li ib qho kev ua haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv thawj theem, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los tshem tawm cov av fertile txheej ntawm qhov chaw, theem saum npoo thiab kos nws. Rau qhov no, siv txoj kev npaj lossis qhov project.
Tom qab ntawd khawb qhov 80 cm trench, qhov dav uas yog 20 cm dav dua li cov phab ntsa yav tom ntej.
- ntawm plywood;
- daim ntawv qhia;
- txiav boards.
Sab hauv kev tsim kho yog them nrog polyethylene. Rau ib daim kab xev ntiav, kev txhawb zog ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Nyob rau theem kawglub formwork yog poured nrog pob zeb.
Ntxiv cov hauv paus nrog kua
Lub hauv paus ntawm cov xuab zeb yuav tsum tau ntxiv nrog cov kua dej, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb rau cov tsev ntawm cov av zoo. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog kaw kaw, qhov twg cov kav dej ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Rau kev tsim khoom ntawm ib qho ntawm lawv, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau siv cov kav dej phwj yas uas muaj qhov drilled. Cov khoom yog qhwv hauv geotextiles thiab muab tso rau hauv ib lub trench khawb nyob ib ncig ntawm lub tsev. Nyob rau saum npoo, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los ua khoov, uas yog them nrog gravel, thiab los ntawm saum toj no txhua yam yog them nrog geotextiles thiab av.
Kev tsim kho ntawm pawg-strip foundation
Lub hauv paus ntawm cov xuab zeb tuaj yeem ua cov kab xev. Rau nws cov cuab yeej, cov cim tau ua rau ntawm thaj chaw thiab lub hauv paus qhov tob yog khawb. Formwork yog ntsia rau hauv nws, thiab tom qab ntawd cov qhov dej yog drilled ntawm qhov kev sib tshuam ntawm daim kab xev. Cov kav dej asbestos-cement tau qis qis rau ntawd. Cov tshuaj yog nchuav rau hauv.
Qhov haum yog muab tso rau hauv cov yeeb nkab, thiab tom qab ntawd cov tshuaj yog nchuav mus rau qhov kawg. Lub rebar yuav tsum protrude saum npoo kom nws tuaj yeem txuas nrog lub zog ntawm lub hauv paus daim kab xev. Yog cov av tsis ntub heev, thiab tsis muaj dej nkag mus rau hauv lub qhov dej, ces cov pawg tuaj yeem nchuav yam tsis siv cov kav dej.
Tom qab npaj cov qhov dej, lawv qhov qis yog nthuav dav los ntawm lub ploj, thiab tom qab ntawd muab cov cuab yeej ntxiv rau qhov ntawd thiab cov pob zeb tau nchuav. Tom qab cov pawg tau solidified, koj tuaj yeem pib tsim daim kab xev hauv paus. Txhawm rau kom tau txais cov qauv muaj zog, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau uapouring ib lub sij hawm kom tsis muaj seams ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg uas txo lub zog. Nws tsis pom zoo kom welding qhov chaw ntawm lub zog, vim corrosion yuav tsim nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm seams. Tom qab nchuav lub hauv paus ntawm cov xuab zeb zoo, nws yuav tsum tau tso tseg 6 lub hlis ua ntej ua haujlwm ntxiv.
Pile foundation tsim
Pib lub hauv paus ntawm cov xuab zeb tuaj yeem ua tau yog tias cov av zoo-grained. Cov qauv yog ruaj khov, thiab cov kev txhawb nqa nyob rau hauv qab ntawm qhov khov. Piles tuaj yeem yog:
- khoom;
- ntsej;
- bored.
Thaum lub qhov dej tau npaj lawm, koj tuaj yeem ua cov kav dej los ntawm cov khoom siv vov tsev. Sab saum toj ntawm cov kav dej yog ua los ntawm ob peb txheej, thiab tom qab ntawd cov khoom raug rub ua ke nrog cov hlau muag muag, uas yuav dhau los ua ib feem ntawm cov formwork. Tom qab txhim kho cov yeeb nkab hauv qhov dej, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tseeb tias lub qhov dej tsis muaj dej ntau tshaj li ib feem peb ntawm qhov ntim.
Cov khoom siv vov tsev thaum nchuav pob zeb yog qhov tsim nyog kom cov mis nyuj cement tsis nkag mus rau hauv cov av, thiab cov dej khov hnyav yuav ua rau cov phab ntsa ntxhib, thiab tsis yog ntawm tus du tau ua tsaug rau cov khoom siv vov tsev. Rau lub qhov dej nrog cov khoom siv vov tsev, yuav tsum tau ua ib lub tawb ntxiv. Rau qhov no, 6 hli rods yog siv. Lawv muab khi ua ke nrog crossbars.
Pile-screw foundation
Ib qhov ntsia hlau ntsia hlau rau hauv av los ntawm kev siv zog ntawm ntau tus neeg. Ib tug ntawm lawv tas li saib xyuas cov qib ntawm kev txhawb nqa, thaum lwm tus sim ua kom nws ntsia rau hauv cov cim xav tau. Tom qab cov khoommuab tso rau hauv qab ntawm lub freezing theem ntawm cov av, nws yog txiav tawm ntawm ib theem thiab poured nrog pob zeb. Cov cement mortar yuav tsum tau nkag mus rau hauv cov yeeb nkab, vim qhov no yuav ntxiv dag zog rau kev txhawb nqa thiab txuag cov hlau los ntawm corrosion.
Tom qab cov pob zeb ua kom tawv, lub taub hau hlau yog welded rau cov ntsia hlau pawg. Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev sib txuam ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm lub tsev, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los khi cov pawg. Rau lub zog ntxiv thaum lub sij hawm tsim tsev hnyav, lub strapping yog ua los ntawm ib tug channel.
Sab saum toj ntawm lub hauv paus yog grillage. Nws yuav faib cov load ntawm load-bearing ntsiab. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, cov kev txhawb nqa yuav muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ntev, tab sis lawv qhov siab yuav tsum nyob rau tib theem. Nws yuav siv li 45 feeb los nruab ib pawg.
Hydro- thiab thermal rwb thaiv tsev ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm cov av xuab zeb
Kub thiab dej tsis zoo pab tiv thaiv lub hauv paus los ntawm kev puas tsuaj los ntawm te thiab ya raws. Txhawm rau tsim cov txheej txheem dej, koj tuaj yeem siv dej-raws li mastic lossis bitumen. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, mastics raws li cov kuab tshuaj organic yuav tsum tau tso tseg, vim tias lawv cov khoom tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov rwb thaiv tsev thiab rhuav tshem nws.
Extruded polystyrene ua npuas ncauj, tseem hu ua polystyrene ua npuas ncauj, yuav yog cov khoom zoo heev rau thermal rwb thaiv tsev ntawm lub hauv paus. Nws cov phiaj yog yooj yim txuas rau ib leeg thiab kho rau lub hauv paus nrog cov nplaum tshwj xeeb.
Cov lus pom zoo ntxiv rau kev thaiv lub hauv paus
Ua ntej pib ua haujlwm ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev thermal ntawm lub hauv paus, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua cov txheej txheem waterproofing. Rau qhov no, feem ntaupolymer paste yog siv. Rau gluing cov laug cam, cov kua nplaum yuav tsum tau npaj, siv rau cov nplooj ntawv pointwise los yog tag nrho saum npoo.
Tom qab cov nplaum tau teeb tsa, koj tuaj yeem txhim kho lub phaj tom ntej, ua kom cov mounting grooves. Txhawm rau txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev thermal, nws raug tso cai rau nruab ib txheej thib ob, cov ntsiab lus uas yuav tsum tau teem rau hauv cov qauv checkerboard.
Nyob hauv kaw
Nyob ntawm hom xuab zeb, koj yuav tsum xaiv hom lub hauv paus. Yog hais tias muaj coarse gravel xuab zeb nyob rau hauv ib ncig, ces koj muaj ntau txoj kev ywj pheej xaiv lub hauv paus. Tab sis thaum tsim cov xuab zeb sai thiab nplua xuab zeb, koj tuaj yeem xaiv tsuas yog qee hom ntawm lub hauv paus. Cov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no yuav yog pawg-kab kab xev, sawb lossis pawg hauv paus. Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them rau hydro thiab thermal rwb thaiv tsev, uas yuav tiv thaiv lub tsev ntawm av txav thiab ya raws.
