Cov av nplaum nthuav dav yog cov khoom siv xoob xoob. Nws yog lub teeb ntxeem tau los yog raug rho tawm cov av nplaum, yog li nws yog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev huv huv thiab kev nyab xeeb rau tib neeg thiab ib puag ncig.
Production
Yuav kom cov rwb thaiv tsev zoo, qhov ntom ntawm cov av nplaum nthuav dav yuav tsum me me. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm foaming av nplaum. Qhov no tshwm sim raws cov cuab yeej thev naus laus zis ntawm cov nroj tsuag:
1. Nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb installation, fusible av nplaum raug rau lub zog thermal shock. Qhov no ua kom cov porosity siab ntawm cov khoom siv raw.
2. Tom ntej no, cov granules nyoos porous yog yaj los ntawm sab nraud - qhov no lawv ua tiav lub zog siab thiab nruj, uas yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov khoom kom ya raws thiab aggressive environmental influences.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov av nplaum nthuav dav ncaj qha nyob ntawm qhov raug ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom: kev sib txawv ntawm cov qauv tsim tuaj yeem ua rau tsis txaus porosity thiab nruj, thiab fragility ntawm rwb thaiv tsev.
Properties
Zoo li txhua yam khoom siv hauv tsev, cov av nplaum nthuav dav muaj qee yam ntawm cov yam ntxwv uas coj mus rau hauv tus accountthaum tsim khoom nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho. Cov no suav nrog:
- Ntau thiab lub ntiajteb txawj nqus.
- Waterproof thiab noo noo resistant.
- qib zog.
- Thermal conductivity.
- Frost resistance.
Qhov ntom ntawm cov av nplaum nthuav dav yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov uas tag nrho lwm cov txiaj ntsig nyob ntawm. Lub tswvyim txhais tau tias qhov piv ntawm huab hwm coj mus rau ntim ntawm cov khoom.
Qhov tseeb thiab qhov tseeb
Qhov hnyav ntawm cov granules yuav qhia ntau txog cov khoom siv, feem ntau hais txog cov rwb thaiv tsev thermal thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom.
Qhov ntom ntawm cov av nplaum nthuav dav, zoo li txhua yam khoom siv, tuaj yeem muaj tseeb thiab tshwj xeeb (bulk). Cov kev txwv no muaj kev cuam tshuam thiab nyob ntawm txoj kev tsim cov khoom siv - qhuav, ntub dej, yas thiab hmoov-yas. Txhua txoj kev muaj nws tus kheej thev naus laus zis rau foaming raw cov ntaub ntawv, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txiav txim siab tus nqi.
Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov av nplaum nthuav dav yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv. Nws qhia qhov sib piv ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov khoom xaiv ntawm cov khoom rau nws ntim. Txij li cov av nplaum nthuav dav yog cov rwb thaiv tsev xoob nrog cov qauv ntxeem tau, cov duab ntawm cov pob tsis tas li, muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov huab cua. Yog li ntawd, rau tib lub ntim ntawm cov khoom, qhov tshwj xeeb (bulk) ceev yuav txawv.
Qhov tseeb qhov ntom ntawm cov av nplaum nthuav dav (lwm lub npe yog ntim) yog txiav txim siab hauv chav kuaj lossis lub Hoobkas thiab qhia qhov hnyav ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov khoom ntim khoom tsis muaj cuagaps.
Fractions and weights
Rwb thaiv tsev tau muab faib ua pawg raws li qhov loj ntawm cov granules. Qhov feem thiab qhov ntom ntawm cov av nplaum nthuav dav yog cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv - cov khoom me dua, tus nqi siab dua ntawm qhov piv ntawm qhov loj rau ntim:
| Granule loj (feem feem), mm | nthuav av nplaum ntom ntom, kg / m3 | Nyiaj pab pawg |
| mus txog 5 | mus txog 600 | Hav |
| 5…10 | Txog 450 | Medium |
| 10…20 | mus txog 400 | Easy |
| 20…40 | Txog 350 | Lub teeb heev |
Muaj lwm qhov kev faib tawm los ntawm GOST 9757-90. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv, cov av nplaum nthuav dav tau muab faib ua qib raws li qhov ceev ntawm cov khoom siv. Nws yog denoted los ntawm tsab ntawv M, ua raws li tus lej tus nqi ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws ceev rau qeb: M250 hnyav 250 kg / m 3, ces mus txog M600: M300, M350, M400, M450, M500.
Kev ua tau zoo piv
Qhov ntau ntom ntawm cov av nplaum nthuav dav yog inextricably txuas nrog lwm cov cim tseem ceeb - nrog cov av noo thiab thermal conductivity. Cov yam ntxwv no yeej ib txwm coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum xaiv cov khoom siv rau insulating pem teb, qab nthab thiab phab ntsa.
paub txog tus nqi ib txwm muaj ntawm kev ceev ntom ntom thiab nthuav cov av nplaum feem, peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab nws cov ntsiab lus ya raws. Yog tias nws siab tshaj qhov tso cai, ces cov porous granules yuav tsum tau qhuav ua ntej muab tso rau hauv cov qauv. GOST9757-90 "Gravel, crushed pob zeb thiab dag ntxeem tau xuab zeb" tswj tsis pub ntau tshaj 2% noo noo. Raws li, thaum hnyav ntxiv av nplaum, qhov loj ntawm cov dej hauv nws tau muab rau hauv tus account, ces nws raug rho tawm.
Qhov piv ntawm qhov ntom ntom rau thermal conductivity yog qhov xwm txheej, tab sis tseem yuav siv qhov chaw. Raws li paub los ntawm cov chav kawm physics ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv kawm, qhov qis dua tus nqi ntawm qhov sib piv ntawm huab hwm coj mus rau ntim, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsawg dua. Txoj cai no kuj siv tau rau cov av nplaum nthuav dav. Qhov denser nws yog, qhov phem nws khaws cov cua sov. Thaum siv cov khoom siv zoo li no, nws yuav tsum ua tib zoo xam cov txheej txheej uas yuav tsum tau ua kom cov qauv tsis khov thiab tsis ua cua txias.
Lwm yam tshwj xeeb
Txoj Kev Sib Nrauj tsis cuam tshuam rau lwm yam kev ua tau zoo, tab sis tsim nyog tham txog.
Lub zog ntawm cov av nplaum nthuav dav tau ua tiav ntawm theem tsim khoom thaum lub sijhawm thib ob - fusion. Nws qhov loj me yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev kuaj sim los ntawm kev nyem cov granules hauv lub tog raj kheej. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias txoj kev muaj ib tug tseem ceeb drawback: qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub zog ntsuas nyob ntawm seb cov duab ntawm grain thiab kev faib ntawm pores nyob rau hauv nws. Kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv txhim khu kev qha, kuv sim mus txog 10 pob los ntawm ib pawg ntawm cov khoom siv. Nthuav av nplaum lub zog ntawm 0.3…6.0 MN/m2, uas yog qhov qhia tau zoo, yog li cov khoom siv ntxiv los ua ib qho ntxiv rau pob zeb.
Cov thermal conductivity ntawm cov khoom siv insulating nruab nrab yog 0.08…0.12 W / mK, uas8-10 npaug siab dua li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob slab. Txawm li cas los xij, daim ntawv thov ntawm cov khoom siv yog ua tau thaum txiav txim siab thiab tso ib lub thickness txaus ntawm cov txheej insulating.
Frost tsis kam ntawm cov av nplaum nthuav dav yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg 15 lub voj voog. Rau cov qauv sab nrauv (phab ntsa, cov plag tsev ntawm thawj pem teb), nws raug nquahu kom xaiv mus txog 50 lub voj voog.
Kev nqus dej ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev zoo yog yuav luag xoom vim qhov nruj ntawm lub cev pellet vim rov ua dua. Yog tias dej nkag mus rau hauv cov granules, cov khoom siv yuav tsum tsis ua nws txoj haujlwm thiab pib tawg. Yog li ntawd, GOST 9757-90 teeb tsa qhov siab tshaj plaws qhov pib ntawm 10-25% los ntawm qhov hnyav, nyob ntawm qhov tuab ntawm txheej.
Ua raws li txhua qhov kev qhia, lawv tau tswj hwm ntawm theem tsim khoom. Tom qab kev thauj mus los, cov rwb thaiv tsev yuav tsum tau muab cia rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm cov av qis yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj ntxiv ntawm ib puag ncig. Kev nyiam yuav tsum tau muab rau kaw cov nyiaj tso cia thiab hangars.
Ncua av nplaum tsis ntshai pwm, nas thiab lwm yam kab tsuag lom, yog li nws siv hauv cov qauv kaw yog qhov nyab xeeb kiag li.
