Thaum npaj cov plag tsev hauv cov tsev cib thiab cov pob zeb ua vaj tse, npaj ua cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog feem ntau yog siv. Qhov hnyav ntawm cov qauv no yog qhov loj heev. Thiab yog li ntawd lawv tau muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw feem ntau nrog kev pab los ntawm lub tsheb crane. Tab sis qee zaum nws tshwm sim tias lub koom haum ntawm kev nkag ntawm cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb mus rau qhov chaw ua haujlwm yuav ua tsis tau. Hauv qhov xwm txheej no, feem ntau nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ncuav lub pob zeb ua kom muaj zog ntawm qhov chaw. Txhawm rau ua haujlwm li no, tau kawg, yuav tsum ua raws li txhua tus qauv thiab thev naus laus zis.
Tsim kev suav
Kev teeb tsa ntawm lub qab nthab monolithic yog txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb heev. Ua ntej pib nrog lub pouring ntawm xws li ib tug qauv, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau ua kom nws ceev faj tshaj plaws xam. Yog tias lub qhov cub ua txhaum txoj kev siv thev naus laus zis, nws tsuas yog tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb nyob hauv tsev yav tom ntej.
Nws ntseeg tau tias lub qab nthab zoo nkauj monolithic tuaj yeem tsuas yog tias nws tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov hnyav hauv150 kg/m2. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum txhim kho cov qauv zoo li no, raws li SNiP cov qauv, qhov kev nyab xeeb ntawm 1.3 kuj yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account. Ntawd yog, thaum kawg, cov slab yuav tsum tiv taus qhov hnyav ntawm 195 kg / m 2.
Thaum xam lub hauv pem teb monolithic, qhov hnyav ntawm slab nws tus kheej kuj yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau daim duab no. Qhov ntsuas no yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev muab qhov nruab nrab ntom ntom ntawm cov pob zeb uas muaj zog (2500 kg / m3) los ntawm pem teb tuab. Thaum kawg, koj yuav tau txais qhov ntsuas qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov phab ntsa.
SNiP standard
Kev nchuav ntawm cov pob zeb ua vaj tse pob zeb, suav nrog hauv cov tsev hauv tebchaws, yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov cai hauv qab no:
- pouring slabs tsuas yog tso cai rau ntawm phab ntsa thauj khoom xwb;
- yog tias qhov tuab ntawm lub qab nthab tsis pub tshaj 15 cm, nws raug tso cai rau nruab ib lub tawb nqa khoom, txwv tsis pub siv ob-tier ib qho;
- qib cement rau pouring slab yuav tsum siv M400-M600;
- qhov piv ntawm lub thickness ntawm lub phaj thiab nws cheeb tsam yuav tsum yog 1:30;
- rau kev tsim khoom ntawm ob-tier thav duab, ib tug pas nrig 10 hli tuab yuav tsum tau siv, ib-tier ib - 12 hli;
- thev naus laus zis qhov rau qhov cua nkag, cov kav dej phwj tuaj, thiab lwm yam.
- kev siv zog yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv pob zeb kom qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov rods huab mus rau lub dav hlau sab nrauv ntawm lub slab yog tsawg kawg yog 3 cm.
Nws raug tso cai rau nchuav monolithic slabs hauv qhov qhib tsis pub ntev tshaj 900 cm.txheeb xyuas cov phab ntsa kom qhov siab sib txawv thiab kho yog tias tsim nyog.
Kev xaiv cov khoom
Cement rau monolithic flooring, raws li twb tau hais lawm, yuav tsum tau siv tsuas yog zoo tshaj plaws, kim. Xuab zeb rau kev sib tov cov tshuaj yog coj tus dej loj. Ua ntej siv, nws yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo sieved. Crushed pob zeb rau pouring lub slab yog siv gravel los yog granite ntawm nruab nrab feem. Lub mortar rau lub slab feem ntau yog kneaded nyob rau hauv feem ntawm cov cement / crushed pob zeb / xuab zeb li 1/1/2.
Formwork rau overlapping, yog tias xav tau, tuaj yeem ua los ntawm cov ntawv tuab tuab. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog qhov zoo dua los sau hauv qab nrog laminated plywood. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub qab nthab nyob rau hauv pem teb qis yuav tom qab tig mus ua zoo kawg nkaus tiaj tus. Tsis tas li ntawd, corrugated board tuaj yeem siv los ua hauv qab ntawm pwm rau slab. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, xws li formwork yuav kuj ua lub luag hauj lwm ntawm sab nraud reinforcement ntawm tus qauv. Lub corrugated board rau pouring lub slab yuav tsum tau muas lub thickest - chav H.
Yog xav tau, npaj txhij-ua Hoobkas formwork kuj siv tau los npaj lub qab nthab monolithic. Nws yuav tsis yooj yim rau kev coj tus qauv zoo li no, piv txwv li, xauj tsev hauv qee lub koom haum tsim kho. Sau lub phaj nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no yuav raug nqi ntau dua. Tab sis nws yuav, ntawm chav kawm, yuav yooj yim dua los siv npaj ua formwork nrog ruaj, yooj yim rau nruab telescopic txhawb.
The main stage of pouring the slab
Kev ua haujlwm tab tom ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim cov vaj tsev monolithic hauv cov tsev raws li hauv qab no:
- mountedformwork;
- tsim thiab txhim kho lub tawb;
- pob zeb tau nchuav.
Yuav kom lub phaj tom qab tig tawm kom muaj kev nyab xeeb hauv kev ua haujlwm thiab siv tau ntev, cov txheej txheem txheej txheem yuav tsum tau ua nruj me ntsis rau txhua theem ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm nws cov dej.
Formwork installation
Cov pwm rau pouring pem teb slab yog ua raws li nram no:
- install racks;
- crossbars yog khoom ntawm kev txhawb nqa;
- mount crossbeams;
- Boards, plywood lossis corrugated board yog tsau rau saum cov kab teeb.
Racks rau kev sib dhos ntawm tus kheej ntawm formwork yog ua los ntawm cov cav. Txhim kho kev txhawb nqa hauv 1 m increments nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej pem teb. Los ntawm cov phab ntsa, cov kev txhawb nqa huab yog mounted ntawm qhov deb tsis ntau tshaj 20 cm.
Sheathing raws kab teeb yog ua tiav hauv txoj kev uas lub rooj tsavxwm, plywood lossis profiled ntawv abut tiv thaiv cov phab ntsa nyob ib puag ncig tag nrho yam tsis muaj qhov tawg. Sab phab ntsa ntawm lub formwork yog ntsia siv props ua los ntawm ntoo. Lawv muab tso rau hauv ib txoj kev uas cov slab tiav los ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev tom qab los ntawm tsawg kawg yog 120 mm.
Thaum sib dhos cov formwork rau lub pob zeb hauv pem teb, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum siv lub tsev theem. Hauv qab ntawm daim ntawv yuav tsum nruj me ntsis kab rov tav, thiab cov phab ntsa - vertically.
Yog tias cov boards siv los sib sau ua ke, qhov khoob ntawm lawv yog ua ntej tshuab nrog mounting ua npuas ncauj. Hauv qhov no, formwork nws tus kheej los ntawm sab hauv yuav tsum tau them nrog ib zaj duab xis. Qhov no yuav tiv thaivrub ntoo tawm ntawm ib qho kev daws ntawm dej. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yuav yooj yim dua rau tshem tawm cov formwork yav tom ntej nrog rau kev muaj zaj duab xis.
Dab tsi tseem ceeb kom paub
Nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm lub ncuav slab, qhov kawg ntawm cov racks ntsia nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub formwork tej zaum yuav hloov. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov no los ntawm qhov tshwm sim, cov kev txhawb nqa thaum lub sij hawm sib dhos ntawm daim ntawv yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum tau ua ob theem strapping racks.
Thaum sib sau ua ke cov qauv kev txhawb nqa, cov laug cam yuav tsum tau muab khi rau ntawm cov racks ob leeg thiab hla. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, thawj strapping yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv ib qhov siab ntawm 10 cm los ntawm cov av theem, thiab lub thib ob - kwv yees li nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm tus ncej nyob rau hauv qhov siab.
Txhim kho tus ncej
Cov tiers ntawm lub pob tawb ntawm lub pob zeb hauv pem teb yog sib sau ua ke raws li hauv qab no:
- Cov pas nrig ntev yog nteg, thiab tom qab ntawd cov hlaws hla ntawm txoj hauv kev uas qhov ntev ntawm cov hlwb tsim los ntawm qhov tshwm sim yog 120-150 hli.
- Cov pob qij txha yog khi nrog hlau.
- Yog tias tsim nyog, qib thib ob ntawm tus ncej yog tsim nrog lub xov tooj ntawm tes ntawm 120-150 mm ib yam.
- Tshaj theem thib ob saum toj kawg nkaus rau qhov siab xav tau thiab nruab rau ntawm kev txhawb nqa ua los ntawm tus pas nrig.
- Txuas cov tiers siv staples.
Txhim kho lub qab nthab monolithic yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv txoj kev uas lub thav duab tau tsa saum lub hauv qab ntawm lub formwork los ntawm 3 cm. Ua li no, tshwj xeeb yas clamps yog muab tso rau hauv qhov kev sib tshuam ntawm tus pas nrig.
Filling solution
Sib tov rau monolithic pem teb slab yuav tsum yogtsim tshwj xeeb hauv lub pob zeb sib tov. Thaum siv cov cuab yeej zoo li no, qhov zoo tshaj plaws homogeneous tov tau txais. Nws yuav tsum tau nchuav rau hauv pem teb slab nyob rau hauv ib kauj ruam. Hauv qhov no, nws yuav dhau los ua kom muaj zog li sai tau.
Qhov tseeb, cov txheej txheem ntawm lub qab nthab suav nrog ob theem tseem ceeb:
- spill;
- ua kom tiav.
Kev ntxuav yuav tsum ua tib zoo thiab raug raws li qhov ua tau. Nyob rau theem no, kev txav ntawm cov qauv formwork yog ua tau. Qhob tsis yog poured rau hauv pwm thaum pouring tuab heev ib txheej. Lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj haujlwm no yog txhawm rau sau tag nrho cov seams thiab kab noj hniav uas twb muaj lawm.
Sai li qhov nchuav tau npaj lawm, nws qhov chaw yuav tsum tau smoothed nrog lub duav. Qhov no yuav tshem tawm tag nrho cov huab cua ntau dhau ntawm qhov tuab ntawm cov pob zeb thiab thaum kawg sau tag nrho cov kab noj hniav.
Qhov kawg nchuav ntawm ib lub pob zeb monolithic yog ua los ntawm cov pob zeb uas tau npaj rau hauv tib qho kev faib ua feem, tab sis nrog kev sib ntxiv ntawm cov dej tsawg dua - uas yog, tuab dua. Ua cov txheej txheem no raws li hauv qab no:
- sau rau hauv ib lub slab ntawm cov thickness uas 2.5-3 cm tseem nyob rau hauv nws xam saum toj;
- qib sau nrog duav, zoo li hauv kauj ruam dhau los;
- muab lub pob zeb kom qhuav li 2 hnub.
Tom ntej no, npaj ib lub mortar hauv qhov feem ntawm cov cement / xuab zeb li 1/3. Crushed pob zeb tsis muab tso rau hauv qhov sib tov. Dej yog ntxiv rau cov tshuaj ntau heev uas nws hloov tawm los ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntom. Lub slab yog poured nrog no sib tov mus rau qhov kawg thiab nws nto yog leveled nrog txoj cai.
Tib
Yog qhibdav thiab nws yog tsis yooj yim sua rau ncuav lub slab nyob rau hauv ib tug mus, ob peb lintels ntoo yuav tsum xub muab ntsia rau hauv lub formwork rau ib tug monolithic qab nthab. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, txhua lub compartment yog tom qab sau nrog pob zeb sib cais.
Lub tawb ntxiv rau hauv txhua qhov slabs uas muaj nyob rau hauv txoj kev no yuav tsum muaj ntau. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, kev txiav yog ua rau ntawm ob sab mus rau qhov tob ntawm 3 cm hauv txhua lub jumper board ua ntej kev teeb tsa, rods ntawm thawj thiab thib ob theem ntawm cov thav duab reinforcing yog tom qab dhau los ntawm cov kev txiav.
Txhawm rau txuas ob lub slabs nyob ib sab, ib qho notch yog ua nyob rau hauv thawj ntawm lawv. Ua li no, siv cov tuab tuab li niaj zaus. Lub caij no yog kho ntawm cov theem ntawm kev txhawb nqa kom nws tsis txhob so ntawm cov tuav hauv qab no.
Thaum nchuav pob zeb ua pob zeb, nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, nco ntsoov siv lub vibrator. Nyob rau hauv tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum npuas nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv lub thickness ntawm sib tshooj. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau cov phiaj tsis muaj zog heev. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub pob zeb nws tus kheej yuav tsum, ntawm chav kawm, tig tawm kom tuab heev.
thawj zaug kev kho qhov cub
Kev siv zog ntawm lub hauv pem teb monolithic, ib yam li nws cov filling, yuav tsum tau ua raws li txhua yam kev siv thev naus laus zis. Tab sis nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb sib npaug thiab saib xyuas kom zoo rau lub qhov cub tiav thaum xub thawj. Kev ua yuam kev thaum lub sijhawm no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov zoo ntawm qhov sib tshooj.
Cov txheej txheem ntawm solidification ntawm pob zeb yog ib txwm nrog los ntawm kev tso tawm ntawm ib co nqi ntawm tshav kub. Nws yog vim li no tias cov dej noo pib evaporate ntau dhau los ntawm cov thickness ntawm cov dej nyab. Tsis muaj dej, hmoov tsis, tuaj yeem ua rau pob zeb tawg. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov no tshwm sim, thawj zaug tom qab nchuav, qhov sib tshooj yuav tsum tau moistened ib ntus.
Nws muaj peev xwm zam kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tawg los ntawm kev ntub cov phaj nrog dej, piv txwv li, los ntawm thoob. Tab sis nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv lub vaj hose nrog cov tshuaj tsuag nozzle rau lub hom phiaj no. Ua ntej nchuav dej hla lub qhov cub, koj yuav tsum tau npog nws nrog qee cov ntaub qhwv tsis tsim nyog lossis burlap.
Ntau yam yuav ua
Thaum tshav kub kub, qhov sib tshooj moistened yuav tsum tau ntxiv nrog cov yas tuab. Yog tias muaj kab nrib pleb ntawm lub phaj, nws yuav pib tawg los ntawm saum toj thiab hauv qab thaum ua haujlwm. Thiab qhov no, ntawm qhov tod tes, yuav ua rau tsis zoo rau nws cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub zog.
Kev ntub dej kawg ntawm kev ua-nws-koj tus kheej sib tshooj yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej lub formwork raug tshem tawm. Cov pwm yog muab tshem tawm los ntawm lub tiav lawm slab kwv yees li 10 hnub tom qab pouring. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, qhov sib tshooj yuav muaj zog ntxiv rau 3-5 lub lis piam. Tom qab lub sijhawm no, koj tuaj yeem mus rau qhov kev siv ntxiv ntawm kev npaj ua haujlwm. Txhua yam kev thauj khoom los ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev, cov qauv hauv pem teb thib ob, thiab lwm yam. Ib qho dej kom zoo, matured monolithic slab tuaj yeem tiv taus tsis muaj teeb meem kiag li.
