Txawm tias nyob rau theem ntawm kev tsim lub tsev, koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab seb cov khoom siv twg los xaiv kom tiav lub façade. Cov tsos ntawm lub tsev yuav tsum haum rau sab nrauv, ua kom zoo nkauj thiab zoo nkauj. Kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov phab ntsa sab nrauv ua tsis tau tsuas yog kev kho kom zoo nkauj xwb, tab sis kuj daws cov teeb meem kev ua haujlwm - soundproofing, insulating, tiv thaiv cov qauv los ntawm lwm yam tsis zoo. Facade cladding yuav tsum tiv taus pwm, fungi, ua kom huv si thiab tsis tawg, khaws nws qhov qub tsos kom ntev li ntev tau.
Kev xaiv rau cov khoom tiav: facade plaster
Tiav lub façade ntawm lub tsev ntiag tug nrog plaster yog nqa tawm ntau zaus. Cov cladding no yog ib qho ntawm cov laus tshaj plaws. Tsis ntev los no, cov ntaub ntawv plaster tau ntxiv nrog cov kev daws teeb meem tshiab uas tuaj yeem siv nrog ntau yam khoom siv hauv tsev.
Plaster muaj tus nqi pheej yig thiab muaj muag rau ntau yamassortment. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, nws tsis poob nws qhov chaw, uas yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntxiv:
- dej resistant;
- yooj yim ntawm daim ntawv thov;
- frost resistant.
Txaus siab rau qhov kev xaiv zoo nkauj thiab pheej yig yog ntxhia plaster, uas yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv tshaj plaws niaj hnub no. Ntawm qhov pom tseeb pluses, cov nplua nuj xim palette yuav tsum tau qhia.
Mineral-based plaster yog resistant rau lom lom, tsis tsim tej yam kev mob rau cov me nyuam ntawm cov kab mob, thiab kuj tsis ntshai ntawm ultraviolet hluav taws xob thiab ya raws. Lub Scope ntawm no muaj pes tsawg leeg yog yuav luag unlimited. Qhov no kuj yog vim qhov tseeb tias qhov sib tov yog fireproof, yog li nws tuaj yeem siv ua ke nrog cov rwb thaiv tsev hluav taws xob.
Zoo li lwm yam khoom siv, ntxhia plaster muaj nws qhov tsis zoo, ib qho ntawm lawv tau hais tawm hauv qhov tsis tshua muaj elasticity. Yog hais tias lub tsev shrinks, qhov nto ntawm cladding yuav tsuas tawg.
YAcrylic plaster
Lub façade ntawm ib-zaj dab neeg ntiag tug tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog acrylic plaster. Nws txawv ntawm cov ntxhia hauv ntau dua elasticity. Kev tawg ntawm qhov chaw thaum lub sij hawm shrinkage ntawm lub tsev yuav tsis tshwm sim. Cov khoom siv tau ruaj khov thiab khaws nws qhov zoo li qub rau lub sijhawm ntev.
Cov lus piav qhia yog resistant rau ya raws, Frost, tab sis cov tiav nto tau qias neeg sai. Cov ntaub ntawv acrylic yog kim dua li cov ntxhia. Lawv yog cov combustible, yog li kev siv plaster tsis pom zoo rau facades uas yog thermally insulated.mineral wool.
Kev xaiv cov khoom: silicate plaster
Kev kho kom zoo nkauj niaj hnub ntawm facades ntawm cov tsev ntiag tug yuav suav nrog kev siv cov khoom siv silicate. Nws yog ib qho ruaj khov tshaj plaws. Kev ua tiav yuav npaj txhij los ua haujlwm rau ntau xyoo lawm, khaws nws qhov qub tsos thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo. Cov phab ntsa yuav tsis yog qias neeg. Yog cov av thiab plua plav tseem lo, lawv yuav muab ntxhua thaum los nag.
Silicate plaster tsis puas los ntawm shrinkage thiab tsis cia ya raws los ntawm. Daim ntawv thov rau saum npoo yog nqa tawm sai heev, uas yuav tsum muaj cov txuj ci tsim nyog thiab kev tshaj lij ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm. Qhov no suav nrog tus nqi them cov kev pabcuam rau cov neeg tsim khoom. Lwm cov khoom siv tus nqi yuav yog kev yuav khoom tshwj xeeb primer. Silicate plaster muaj lwm qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb, uas tau nthuav tawm hauv cov xim tsis zoo.
YSilicon plaster
Kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm lub tsev ntiag tug tuaj yeem ua nrog silicone plaster, uas tseem hu ua siloxane plaster. Cov khoom no zoo tagnrho rau facade cladding, tshwj tsis yog rau tus nqi, nws tsis muaj lwm yam drawbacks. Yog tias koj tsis txwv cov nyiaj, ces koj yuav tsum nyiam hom kev ua tiav no.
Silicone plaster yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev hnav tsis kam, nws tau npaj ua haujlwm rau ntau xyoo lawm thiab tuaj yeem siv ua ke nrog ntau yam ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev. Lub plaster tsis kis kab mob, thiab thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm nws tus kheej ntxuav hauv qab cua thiab nag lossis daus. Yog hais tias lub tsev nyob ib sab ntawm txoj kev loj, ces rauRau facade xov, nws yog qhov zoo dua los xaiv silicone plaster, vim nws tseem huv si nyob rau hauv txhua qhov xwm txheej. Ib qho txiaj ntsig ntxiv yog qhov yooj yim ntawm daim ntawv thov.
Clinker cib thiab vuas
Clinker cib yog muab muag rau hauv cov ntawv sib txawv thiab xim. Cov khoom yog ntuj, nws yog raws li av nplaum, uas ntuj pigments ntxiv. Yog tias koj yuav khoom los ntawm cov khoom sib txawv, nws raug nquahu kom sib tov ua ntej pib ua haujlwm kom tsis txhob muaj xim tsis sib haum.
Pem hauv ntej ntawm clinker cib tuaj yeem yog:
- grooved;
- matte;
- glossy;
- glazed.
Cov khoom siv tau ruaj khov, tsis nqus dej noo, yooj yim los ntxuav thiab tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias. Lub tsuas drawback yog tus nqi siab. Tsis txhob hais txog qhov complex installation.
Siv Porcelain Stoneware
Xav txog cov kev xaiv rau kev ua tiav lub façade ntawm lub tsev ntiag tug, koj yuav tuaj hla cov plooj (porcelain stoneware), uas yog qhov txawv ntawm kev zoo nkauj thiab kav ntev. Cov khoom siv no yog ib qho ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws rau facades. Porcelain stoneware yog muaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam, nws muaj peev xwm muaj pua pua ntawm txawv ntxoov thiab textures. Iridescent porcelain stoneware zoo li ntxim nyiam.
Cov cladding tuaj yeem xyaum pob zeb lossis ntoo ntuj. Tus tswv, yog tias xav tau, tuaj yeem tsim ib lub tsev tshwj xeeb. Qhov kev xaiv tiav noLub façade ntawm lub tsev ntiag tug muaj qhov zoo hauv qab no:
- sustainability;
- durability;
- zog;
- kub resistant;
- xim sib xws.
Nto yuav yog matte. Nws tsis raug rau kev ua haujlwm ntxiv thiab muaj lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj. Cov phab ntsa cladding no muaj cov khoom ua tau zoo tshaj plaws. Porcelain stoneware tej zaum yuav muaj polished nto; nws lub ntsiab feature yog ib tug noble waxy sheen. Cov nyhuv yog tiav los ntawm kev ntxiv cov ntxhia ntsev. Kev ua tiav raug nqi ntau dua li matte, thiab cov khoom yuav luag tib yam.
Cov ntaub ntawv piav qhia rau kev ua tiav cov façade ntawm cov tsev ntiag tug kuj tseem muaj muag rau hauv daim ntawv glazed. Qhov saum npoo zoo li cov vuas luaj ceramic, tab sis cov porcelain stoneware yog qhov ruaj khov dua. Yog tias siv cov abrasives hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, tom qab ntawd cov chaw tsim khoom tau txais polished porcelain stoneware, uas muaj xim nplua nuj, ci ntsa iab.
Matte thiab ci ntsa iab yog ua ke ntawm ib yam khoom yog tias nws muaj ib nrab polished nto. Cov txheej txheem tiav yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv textures. Khoom tuaj yeem yog:
- embossed; qauv;
- imitating the texture of stone or wood;
- grungy.
Siv cov hniav zoo nkauj
Kev ua tiav lub façade ntawm ib lub tsev ntiag tug yuav suav nrog kev siv sab, nws tshwm sim:
- vinyl;
- ntoo;
- metal;
- cement;
- pab.
Cov no yog cov vaj huam sib luag zoo nkauj uas yooj yim rau nruab thiab tiv thaiv cov khoom thauj khoom los ntawm qhov tsis zoo. PVC vaj huam sib luag yuav zoo li cov khoom sib txawv, uas yog:
- brick;
- pob zeb;
- ntoo.
Vinyl siding tau muab faib ua ntau hom subspecies, yog li kev xaiv tsis txwv. Cov panels no yog lub teeb yuag, resistant rau txhua yam thiab thermal stress, thiab tseem pheej yig. Thaum txhim kho, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account lub coefficient ntawm linear expansion kom lub tiav tsis poob nws cov tsos nrog qhov kub thiab txias fluctuations.
Facade kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov tsev ntiag tug kuj tau ua nrog ntoo sab. Cov panels no yog tsim los ntawm kev kho thiab los yog ntoo qhuav. Cov khoom khaws cov cua sov zoo, yog ib puag ncig zoo, saib zoo nkauj, tab sis piv rau lwm hom siding, lawv poob ntawm cov nqi thiab kav ntev. Ntoo siding kuj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tshwj xeeb.
Tab sis hlau zoo kawg nkaus zam qhov kub thiab txias, tiv taus huab cua thiab lub zog. Tab sis steel lossis aluminium panels tuaj yeem raug rau cov txheej txheem corrosive. Cement siding muaj qhov hnyav hnyav, qhov no ua rau qhov hnyav ntawm tag nrho cov qauv. Yog tias koj npaj yuav nteg cov cement panels, thawj zaug koj yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog rau lub hauv paus. Tab sis xws li cladding tuaj yeem hloov lub pob zeb tiav, nws tsis cuam tshuam rau lwm yam thiab muaj kev ntseeg siab.
Siv sandwich panels
Yog tias koj pib ua tiav lub façade ntawm lub tsev ntiag tug, koj tuaj yeem xaiv cov sandwich panels, uas yog cov txheej tuab nrog rwb thaiv tsev. Cov khoom siv hauv kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov tsev tshiab thiab kev tsim kho vaj tsev qub. Cov khoom siv zoo nkauj, lub teeb yuag, muaj ntau yam xim, ruaj, fireproof thiab ya raws resistant.
Yog tias ib lub vaj huam sib luag puas lawm, koj tuaj yeem hloov nws yam tsis tau rhuav tshem tag nrho cov façade cladding. Qhov kev xaiv pheej yig tshaj plaws rau kev ua tiav lub vaj huam sib luag sandwich tsis tuaj yeem hu ua. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias cov ntaub ntawv raug muab ua ke, ces koj yuav txo tau tus nqi tag nrho ntawm kev tsim tsev.
Natural and artificial stone
Ua ntej koj pib ua tiav lub façade ntawm lub tsev ntiag tug, koj yuav tsum xav txog ntau yam kev xaiv rau cladding. Ntawm lwm tus, ib lub pob zeb yuav tsum txawv. Los ntawm kev xaiv lub ntuj ntau yam, koj yuav tsum lees txais cov nqi siab. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev nqis peev no tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo, vim tias txawm tias tom qab ob peb xyoos koj yuav tsis nco qab txog kev kho thiab hloov cov khoom tiav. Nws yuav tuav lub zog, nyob twj ywm zoo nkauj thiab txhim khu kev qha, thiab kuj tiv taus qhov cuam tshuam.
Pob zeb Artificial yuav raug nqi tsawg, thiab nws yuav muab ntau qhov chaw rau kev xav ntawm tus tsim. Cov khoom siv tuaj yeem hu ua zoo meej, nrog nws kev pab koj tuaj yeem ua tiav lub façade hauv txhua qhov kev coj ua:
- marble;
- granite;
- quartzite;
- bas alt;
- sandstone;
- limestone;
- slate;
- pob zeb.
Siv cassette
Cov khoom siv los ua kom tiav cov facades ntawm cov tsev ntiag tug muaj hnub no nyob rau hauv ntau yam. NtawmLwm cov kev daws teeb meem yuav tsum tau faib cov cassettes, uas yog ua los ntawm cov hlau thiab tsim lub hauv paus ntawm lub ventilated facade. Kev teeb tsa yog ua los ntawm kev siv tus kheej tapping screws lossis rivets hauv txoj kev qhib lossis zais.
Tom qab tshuaj xyuas qhov ntau, koj yuav nkag siab tias qhov kev xaiv ntawm qhov ntau thiab tsawg, textures thiab xim yog qhov loj. Qhov no nthuav qhov tsim muaj peev xwm. Cov khoom yog resistant rau kev puas tsuaj, ruaj, thiab kuj fireproof. Nws yuav luag tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo, tab sis ib qho ntawm qhov tsis zoo yog tus nqi siab.
Plastic vaj huam sib luag installation thev naus laus zis: kev npaj cov cuab yeej thiab cov ntaub ntawv
Txhawm rau nruab PVC panels nrog koj tus kheej tes, koj yuav tsum npaj cov npe thiab cov khoom siv hauv qab no:
- dhau fais fab;
- hacksaw;
- rauj;
- screwdriver;
- tus kheej tapping screws;
- plastic panels;
- screwdriver; qib;
- roulette;
- dej-nails;
- climers;
- components;
- ntoo beam.
Yog tias nws tau npaj ua cov rwb thaiv tsev nrog nthuav dav polystyrene daim hlau, ces cov tuav yuav tsum yog 5 cm tuab. Tag nrho cov khoom ntoo raug kho nrog cov tshuaj fungus ua ntej kev teeb tsa.
Txoj kev ua haujlwm
Ua ntej koj nruab cov vaj huam sib luag rau kev ua tiav lub façade ntawm lub tsev ntiag tug, koj yuav tsum kho cov tuav hauv cov ces kaum. Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus tom ntej yog fastened nyob rau hauv increments ntawm 0.5 m. Lub xeem beam kuj nyob rau hauv lub ces kaum. Cov phaj yog pw nruab nrab ntawm cov tuavua npuas ncauj. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, siv cov tshuaj nplaum nplaum. Panels yog mounted los ntawm hauv qab no. Ua ntej koj yuav tsum tau teem lub bar pib, uas yog teem horizontally.
Cov vaj huam sib luag muaj mounting txee rau hauv qab thiab sab saum toj. Qhov qis dua yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv qhov pib bar, thiab sab saud yuav tsum tau kho rau lub crate nrog tus kheej tapping screws los yog clamps. Nyob rau hauv lub vaj huam sib luag, mounting txee muaj oblong qhov rau kho. Cov duab no pab cov khoom nthuav dav thaum raug kub. Nws tsis pom zoo kom rigidly fasten lub vaj huam sib luag rau lub crate, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los xyuas kom meej qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm thermal expansion. Thaum txhim kho cov vaj huam sib luag rau kev ua tiav lub façade ntawm lub tsev ntiag tug, koj yuav tsum tau kho cov pob qij txha hauv cov ces kaum. Rau qhov no, tshwj xeeb moldings yog siv.
Hlau siding installation
Kev txhim kho ntawm cov hlau siding cuam tshuam nrog kev teeb tsa ntawm battens. Ua li no, markup yog nqa tawm ntawm thawj theem. Fasteners yog ntsia raws nws, brackets ua raws li lawv. Tus tsim ntawm lub crate yog mounted coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov cua, uas yuav muab cov phab ntsa qhuav.
Cov ntoo ntoo lossis hlau profiles yog siv rau tus ncej. Lawv muab tso rau hauv kab rov tav lossis ntsug hauv increments ntawm 50 cm. Hlau profiles yog mounted rau nruab qhov rais slopes. Lub crate yuav theem ntawm phab ntsa.
Ua kom tiav lub façade ntawm ib lub tsev ntiag tug nrog cov hlau sab nrog kev ua haujlwm nrog thermal rwb thaiv tsev. Nws txuas rau phab ntsa thiab lub crate. Yuav siv tau los ua lub tshuab cua sovsiv cov ntxhia wool los yog ua npuas ncauj. Cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog txhawm rau txhim kho cov ntsiab lus ntxiv. Cov ces kaum nyuaj yog kho nrog tus kheej tapping screws.
Hlau siding pib ntawm hauv qab. Qhov pib bar yuav tsum yog kab rov tav. Thawj kab yog tsau rau qhov pib bar nrog self-tapping screws. Koj tuaj yeem kho cov vaj huam sib luag nyob ib puag ncig ntawm lub tsev. Qee tus tswv qhia kom mount lub cladding ntawm txhua phab ntsa tig.
Rwb thaiv tsev thiab kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub façade ntawm ib lub tsev ntiag tug kuj nrog rau kev sau cov cornice. Rau qhov no, profiled flooring yog siv. Nws qhov ntev yuav tsum sib npaug rau tus nqi sib xws ntawm cornice overhang. Profile decking yuav tsum tsis tu ncua.
ntoo luas
Kev txhim kho lub tsev thaiv yuav pab tiv thaiv lub tsev ntawm cua thiab ya raws. Cov khoom yog unpacked thiab muaj hnub nyoog li ntawm ib lub lim tiam nyob rau hauv ib tug ventilated chav tsev los yog nyob rau hauv ib tug canopy sab nraum. Cov theem no yog qhov tsim nyog kom yav tom ntej ntoo tsis deform nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov av noo thiab kub.
Tiav lub façade ntawm ib lub tsev ntiag tug nrog ntoo kuj muab rau kev teeb tsa ntawm lub crate. Rau qhov no, ib tug square bar nrog ib sab ntawm 50 mm yog siv. Hauv qab lub crate ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm muaj cov ntaub ntawv uas cov plywood tuaj yeem protrude. Cov kauj ruam ntawm cov tuav yog xaiv raws li qhov dav ntawm lub rwb thaiv tsev.
Cov rwb thaiv tsev kub yog muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom ntawm tus ncej. Ib qho cua thaiv yog sewn hla lub rwb thaiv tsev, nws tuaj yeem ua ib zaj duab xis vapor-permeable. Los ntawm nws, ib tug counter-lattice sewn rau cov tuav. Rau qhov no20 hli rail yog siv. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los muab qhov sib txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem hydrobarrier thiab lub tsev thaiv. Lub tom kawg yog kho los ntawm counter-lattice. Fasteners tuaj yeem yog tus kheej tapping screws lossis kleimers. Lawv raug ntsia hlau los ntawm tag nrho cov thickness ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm, thiab tom qab ntawd npog.
pob zeb installation technology
Qhov kev ua tiav no yuav tsum tau npaj ua ntej. Substrates yuav tsum muaj cov dej noo tsawg, tsis muaj kev nyuaj siab thiab kev kwv yees, thiab nco ntsoov lub zog siab.
Yooj yim kho kom zoo nkauj facade nrog pob zeb yog nqa tawm ntawm lub hauv paus pob zeb, uas yuav luag tsis muaj kev npaj. Cov khoom ntxeem tau dhau lawm yuav tsum tau kho ua ntej nrog primer. Kev ua tiav lub façade ntawm lub tsev ntiag tug nrog pob zeb yog nqa tawm tsuas yog tom qab txheej txheej ntawm plaster tau txais lub zog. Qhov no yuav tshwm sim kwv yees li 20 hnub tom qab ua tiav cov haujlwm cuam tshuam.
Cov brickwork qub yog ua ntej ntxuav ntawm ntsev stains, thiab tom qab ntawd kho nrog primer. Tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem mus rau lub installation ntawm pob zeb ntawm phab ntsa. Yog hais tias tsim nyog, cov khoom yog trimmed nrog ib tug grinder. Cov tshuaj nplaum tuaj yeem yog ib qho tshwj xeeb muaj pes tsawg leeg lossis sib xyaw ua ke raws li cov cement. Thaum xav txog txoj hauv kev los ua kom tiav cov façade ntawm cov tsev ntiag tug, koj yuav tsum ntsuas seb koj puas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm koj tus kheej.
Yog tias koj txiav txim siab tsis kam lees cov kev pabcuam ntawm cov kws tshaj lij, koj yuav tsum paub koj tus kheej nrog cov thev naus laus zis. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm pob zeb installation, nws hais tias: thaum txhim kho ib tug neeg cov ntsiab lus, cov tshuaj yog siv rau sab nraum qab ntawm cov khoom. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg yog sib npaug, ces lub pob zeb yog nias rau ntawm phab ntsa. Rau stitching, koj tuaj yeem ua taumus thaum tag nrho cov ntsiab lus tau muab tso rau ntawm phab ntsa.
Bricklaying
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau pib ua hauj lwm ntawm kev ntsib cov phab ntsa sab nraud nrog cib thaum qhov kub ntawm sab nraum lub qhov rais nyob nruab nrab ntawm +5 txog +30 ˚С. Cov phab ntsa load-bearing yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas thawj zaug - lawv yuav tsum tsis pub dawb los ntawm mortar sagging. Qhov saum npoo yog primed. Tom ntej no, koj tuaj yeem mus rau qhov cim thiab kev tso cai ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev. Lawv nyob hauv kev khiav.
Ua ntej koj pib ua tiav lub façade ntawm lub tsev ntiag tug nrog cib, koj yuav tsum kos lub luag haujlwm ntawm ob peb kab ntawm kev ua tiav, suav nrog qhov tuab ntawm cov seam. Nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw, nrog rau ib qho hluav taws xob laum los yog ib lub puncher, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau laum qhov rau hauv cov fasteners yuav muab tso rau nteg rwb thaiv tsev.
txheej tom ntej yuav yog ib qho yob vapor barrier. Nyob rau hauv cov chaw uas cov pas nrig ntawm kev sib txuas yooj yim yuav nyob, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua lub qhov thiaj li yuav muab tso rau ntawm daim nyias nyias thiab kho nws ua ke nrog cov thermal rwb thaiv tsev. Thawj kab yog nteg tawm qhuav. Qhov no yuav tso cai rau koj kom haum cov khoom ntawm tag nrho cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev raws li ib puag ncig. Tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nrog kev teeb tsa. Thawj kab yog tsim yam tsis siv cov xim masonry sib tov. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los tsim qhov chaw kab rov tav.
In xaus
Tiav lub façade ntawm ib lub tsev ntiag tug nrog rau sab yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau niaj hnub no. Qhov no yog vim muaj ntau yam. Ntawm lwm tus, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias technology tsis complex. Tsis tas li ntawd, siding yog muaj nyob rau hauv xws li ntau yam uas cov neeg siv khoom tsis txwv rau kev xaiv. Nwstej zaum yuav nyiam, piv txwv li, yas lossis hlau siding, nrog rau ib qho ua los ntawm ntoo.
