Dawb soot yog hydrated silica tau los ntawm nag lossis daus los ntawm sodium silicate tov. Cov tom kawg yog kua iav. Cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv siv cov kua qaub, thiab cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog pom, ntxuav thiab ziab ntxiv.
Cov tshuaj tau piav qhia yog lub hauv paus rau kev tau txais cov fillers rau cov khoom siv polymer. Cov tom kawg yog cov khoom ntawm kev hloov kho ntawm cov pa roj carbon dawb nrog cov organic modifiers. Qee zaum cov khoom piav qhia tseem hu ua boron nitride, uas tau txais los ntawm kev hlawv pentaborane hauv nitrogen.
Kev piav qhia
Cov khoom siv mis yog raws li nram no: SiO. Raws li qhov ntsuas tau zoo thiab lub hom phiaj, cov hmoov av tuaj yeem sawv cev los ntawm plaub qib:
- BS-30.
- BS-50.
- BS-100.
- BS-120.
Nws cov yam ntxwv ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm GOST 18307-78. Txhua hom muaj nws tus kheej particle loj. Rau thawj ntawm cov uas tau hais los saum toj no, qhov ntsuas no nce mus txog 108 nm, thaum feem ntau yog 77 yog tias cov khoom raug txiav txim los ntawm BS-50 hom. Qhov loj me me yog txo rau 34 thiab 27 raucarbon dub qib BS-100 thiab BS-120.
Ib yam dej uas khi tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem kom tau txais thiab ua tiav. Hauv qhov no, daim ntawv cog lus nrog SiO2 hloov pauv. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau tsis muaj zog adsorptive lossis kev sib koom tes.
Kev tau txais yog ua los ntawm txoj kev ua kua-theem lossis roj-theem. Thawj yog nag lossis daus ntawm amorphous silicic acid. Cov tshuaj siv yog sodium silicates. Acid reagents, piv txwv li, carbon dioxide lossis hydrochloric acid, ua raws li ib qho ntawm cov neeg koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem tshuaj. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwm sim ntawm qhov kub ntawm 70 txog 90 ° C.
Cov khoom tau tshwm sim dhau los ntawm peb theem ua ntej ziab. Nyob ntawm seb cov dej nag los siv, alkaline, nruab nrab, lossis acidic carbon dub tau txais. Cov khoom qhuav yog tom qab ntawd hauv av. Qhov degree ntawm porosity thiab fineness ntawm cov khoom yog nyob ntawm qhov xwm ntawm tus neeg sawv cev decomposition, uas yog ib yam khoom uas decomposes silicate. Thaum pom thiab ziab, cov khoom tuaj yeem sib sau ua ke thaum lub sij hawm condensation ntawm polysilicic acids. Hauv qhov no, cov xwm txheej ntawm cov theem no tau tswj hwm nruj.
Kev piav qhia ntawm cov txheej txheem roj-theem
Cov hmoov dawb tuaj yeem tau txais hauv cov txheej txheem roj-theem thev naus laus zis. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv hydrolysis ntawm silicon tetrachloride los yog tetrafluoride silicon nrog rau cov khoom tawg. Qhov kub tuaj yeem ncav cuag 1,100 ° C. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho ua tau kom tau txais cov khoom ntshiab uas tsis muaj dej, uas yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev tawg siab heev. Txawm li cas los xij, nws qhov porosity tsawg heev. Tab sis txoj kev no yog nrog los ntawm kev siv nyiaj ntau ntawm lub zog, cov khoom siv raw, tus nqi siab thiabtsim los ntawm cov khoom lag luam hauv daim ntawv HC1, uas yuav tsum tau siv rationally.
Dawb soot tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm lwm cov txheej txheem, uas yog qhov hloov pauv ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tau piav qhia saum toj no. Peb tab tom tham txog hydrolysis ntawm silicon tetrachloride ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Txoj kev no tseem hu ua airgel. Ntxiv nrog rau cov txheej txheem tau piav qhia saum toj no, thev naus laus zis ntawm silicate thiab silicate-roj roj hmab tau tsim. Cov txheej txheem siv txias deposition ntawm silica. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj cov coagulation ntawm roj hmab.
Qee qhov flaws
Dawb soot yog silicon dioxide, uas muaj qee qhov tsis zoo. Lawv txwv qhov kev txwv ntawm cov khoom lag luam hauv kev lag luam roj hmab. Qhov tsis zoo yog qhov ntom ntom, uas yog ntau dua li cov pa roj carbon dub. Wetting los ntawm rubbers yog qhov phem tshaj. Txhawm rau txhim kho tus yam ntxwv no, cov khoom siv tau raug rau carbofilization, uas tseem hu ua hydrophobization thiab koom nrog kev kho mob nrog cov tshuaj nquag adsorbed ntawm silica nto los ntawm pawg polar. Siv ua surfactants:
- cawv;
- aliphatic lossis cycloaliphatic amines.
Lawv muaj ntau dua 6 carbons thiab silicone roj zoo li cov tebchaw.
Scope of application
Kev siv cov pa roj carbon dawb yog ntau heev. Nws tso cai rau txhim kho cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov roj hmab, ua los ntawm silicone rubbers. Cov ntaub ntawv no tau ncehluav taws kub thiab kub tsis kam. Cov pa roj carbon dub yog piv rau cov khoom txhawb zog rau cov pa roj carbon dub thiab tshaj nws nyob rau hauv nws cov nyhuv ntawm tshav kub thiab roj kuj.
Nrog kev pab los ntawm ib yam khoom, muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo. Nws tau raug qhia ua ke nrog cov pa roj carbon dub rau hauv cov tread roj hmab ntawm cov log tsheb uas ua haujlwm hauv cov xwm txheej nyuaj. Kev siv me me txo qhov hnav tsis kam ntawm lub tread thiab ua rau kom muaj zog ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov qauv rau chipping. Cov ntaub ntawv raug pom zoo ua ib qho ntxiv hauv cov roj hmab carcass kom muaj zog ntawm kev sib txuas nrog cov hlua.
Qee lub cev thiab tshuaj tsis haum
Thaum xav txog cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov pa roj carbon dawb, koj yuav tsum nkag siab tias cov khoom no yog tsim los ntawm sodium silicate thiab acid. Cov tom kawg yuav yog chamois. Txog niaj hnub no, ob peb qib ntawm cov khoom no tau paub, txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj nws tus kheej lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg. Piv txwv li, dawb carbon dub BS-100 muaj 86% silicon dioxide, zoo li hom BS-120. Whereas BS-50 muaj silicon dioxide nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm 70%.
Mass feem ntawm noo noo rau BS-100 yog 6.5%. Qhov hnyav poob ntawm qhov hluav taws kub tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm 5 mus rau 7%. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm hlau oxide, qhov loj feem yuav yog 0.15%, raws li yog cov ntaub ntawv nrog cov loj feem ntawm txhuas thaum hloov mus rau txhuas oxide. Qhov loj feem ntawm chlorides tsis pub tshaj 1%. Qhov loj feem ntawm calcium thiab magnesium yog 0.8% thaum hloov mus rau calcium oxide. Qhov loj feem ntawm alkalinity tsis standardized.
In xaus
Cov khoom ntim hauv cov hnab laminated plaub txheej nrog ib qhoib txheej ntawm polyethylene. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntim tuaj yeem yog 20 kg. Cov khoom tseem raug muag hauv cov thawv ntim tshwj xeeb. Lawv qhov hnyav nce mus txog 400 kg. Cov khoom yog thauj los ntawm txhua txoj kev thauj. Guaranteed txee lub neej tsis pub tshaj 6 lub hlis txij li hnub tsim khoom.
Cov khoom muaj cov khoom tsis muaj xim tsis muaj kob, lub melting point uas yog siab heev. Cov tshuaj tsis yaj hauv dej, thiab thaum cua sov, nws pib cuam tshuam nrog alkalis thiab oxides. Silicon dioxide yog siv los ua ib feem hauv kev tsim cov ceramics, nrog rau kev tsim cov khoom iav pob zeb.
