Tsheb thauj mus los yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev lag luam sab hauv thiab sab nraud. Qhov yooj yim dua thiab nrawm dua lawv tau teeb tsa, muaj peev xwm ua kom tau nyiaj ntau dua. Yog li ntawd, pallets tau dhau los ua qhov dav. Nws yog noteworthy tias nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no qhov luaj li cas ntawm lub pallet muaj txawv qauv. Txhua lub tuam txhab logistics yuav tsum paub cov yam ntxwv no kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem.
Lub tswvyim ntawm pallets
Lub pallet yog ib yam khoom tshwj xeeb siv los pab txhawb nqa thiab tshem tawm. Hauv cov neeg, lawv feem ntau hu ua pallets, vim tias lawv muaj cov qauv tsim thiab ua haujlwm.
Pallets tau siv thawj zaug thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Lawv cov qauv tau tsoo cov laug cam nrog ob kab hauv qab. Sij hawm dhau mus, cov khoom siv thauj khoom tau txhim kho, thiab nrog nws, pallets. Lawv tau txais lawv qhov kawg saib tom qab cov laug cam tau ntsia hauv qab kab teeb, tsim kom muaj kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov qauv.
Pallets tau txais koob meejnyob rau hauv Tebchaws Meskas thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, thaum nws tsim nyog yuav tsum ua kom muaj kev thauj mus los kom ntau li ntau tau yam tsis muaj kev koom tes ntxiv ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Ib me ntsis tom qab, American pallets kis mus rau Tebchaws Europe.
Saib cov pallets
Los ntawm lawv tus qauv tsim, pallets tau muab faib ua ntau hom. Ib lub lawj pallets tsuas muaj ib txheej ntawm cov laug cam los thauj cov khoom thauj. Ob-platform pallets tso cai rau koj tig dua pallets thiab siv lawv ntawm ob sab. Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, lawv hnyav dua me ntsis, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tag nrho cov khoom thauj khoom nqa.
Raws li hom fastening ntawm lub sab sauv thiab sab platforms, beam pallets txawv ntawm ib leeg, nyob rau hauv uas ib tug ntev tuab board hla tag nrho ntev. Tab sis cov pallets no tsuas muaj ob sab los nqa los ntawm lub forklift. Thaiv pallets yog qhov sib dua thiab muaj plaub sab kom tuav los ntawm lub forklift. Tab sis lawv tsis ruaj khov li thawj hom.
Raws li lub sijhawm siv, pov tseg thiab rov siv tau yog qhov txawv. Kev tsim cov pallets uas tuaj yeem rov siv tau qhov chaw xav tau zoo ntawm lub zog thiab kev huv.
Los ntawm cov khoom siv, koj tuaj yeem nrhiav ntoo, yas thiab hlau pallets. Lawv qhov tshwm sim nyob ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm kev pabcuam thiab tus nqi ntawm cov cuab yeej pabcuam feem ntau rau kev thauj khoom.
Tab sis qhov ntev ntawm pallets muaj ntau tus qauv, uas yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab nyias.
Europallets
Nyob hauv Tebchaws Europe, tus qauv pallet yog siv, qhov ntev uas tau tswj hwm los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ISO3676, ISPM 15, ISOTK/22, UIC norms 435-2/435-4. Lawv qhov loj me yog 8001200145 mm. Kev ua raws li cov qauv kev ua tau zoo tau lees paub los ntawm EUR thwj nyob rau hauv ib qho oval ncej ntawm lub hauv ntej kev txhawb nqa ceg. Lwm cov ntaub ntawv raug hlawv rau ntawm ob txhais ceg: chaw tsim tshuaj paus, hnub tim, kev pab cuam lub neej, muaj sanitization.
Kev tsim qauv, euro pallets muaj 5 lub rooj sab saud, uas hloov pauv: dav, nqaim, dav, nqaim, dav. Tsuas yog 3 lub rooj txuas nrog rau sab qis: ob qhov dav ntawm ntug thiab ib qho nqaim hauv nruab nrab.
Qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau kev tsim, uas ib txwm ua tiav cov khoom pallets raws li European tus qauv, yog qhov muaj cov chamfers ntawm cov ces kaum.
Finpallets
Hom thib ob ntawm pallet faib hauv Tebchaws Europe yog Finnish pallets. Tus qauv pallet ntawm hom no muaj qhov ntev ntawm 1001200145. Lub xub ntiag ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj yog pov thawj los ntawm lub thwj rau ntawm sab pem hauv ntej ob txhais ceg. Nws cov duab yog cov tsiaj ntawv FIN hauv ib lub duab plaub. Ntawm lub hauv paus ob txhais ceg, cov ntaub ntawv digital hais txog cov chaw tsim khoom, series thiab hnub tsim khoom yog xav tau.
Tus qauv, lawv kuj txawv. Lub platform sab saud muaj xya qhov nqaim thiab dav. Lawv hloov li no: dav, ob nqaim. Qhov qis dua muaj peb lub rooj tsavxwm - sab nqaim thiab dav hauv nruab nrab. Txawm hais tias qhov ntev ntawm cov pallets loj dua me ntsis, muaj cov kaum chamfers tseem yuav tsum tau ua. Cov yam ntxwv no ua kom ua raws li cov cai tswj kev nyab xeeb thaum ua haujlwm tuav cov khoom.
Lwm hom pallets
Kev xa khoom thoob ntiaj teb kuj tseem siv cov pallets uas tsis siv pov tseg. Lawv muaj qhov ntev ntawm 8001200 mm thiab10001200mm, uas ua tau raws li European thiab Finnish pallet qauv. Hauv qhov no, qhov siab ntawm pallet yuav tsum yog 145 mm. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv pov tseg yog nyob rau hauv cov thickness ntawm cov laug cam. Lawv yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg yog 22 mm. Thaum lub pallets lawv tus kheej yog tus qauv siab, lawv tsis muaj npe.
hom kawg yog euroboxes. Cov no yog hlau crates, uas sawv ntawm tib lub hauv paus hlau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm euro pallets. Eurobox loj - 8001200800 mm. Rau hom pallets no, lub xub ntiag ntawm EUR stamp nyob rau hauv lub oval kuj yuav tsum tau.
Lwm hom pallets tsis yog npaj rau kev thauj mus los hauv Tebchaws Europe. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tau ceev faj heev, txwv tsis pub koj yuav raug tsis lees paub cov khoom xa tuaj rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe.
Inland Pallet Standards
Nyob hauv ntau lub tebchaws CIS, GOST ntawm Soviet era tseem ua haujlwm niaj hnub no. Cov pallets no tsis txawv ntau ntawm Finnish lossis European, tab sis lawv tsis muaj daim ntawv pov thawj zoo. Rau lawv cov khoom siv, tsis yog ntsia hlau, tab sis cov ntsia hlau zoo tib yam tuaj yeem siv tau. Qhov tsis muaj chamfers raug tso cai. Lub thickness ntawm lub sab sauv boards txawv ntawm 15 mus rau 25 mm. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho lwm yam, qhov ntev ntawm lub pallets tsis txawv ntawm cov qauv uas tau txais nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no.
Tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau qhov zoo ntawm pallets yog lawv qhov huv. Reusable pallets siv nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe yuav tsum huv si, tab sis rau kev thauj mus los hauv tsev, me ntsis av thiab darkening ntawm ntoo los ntawm kev siv mus sij hawm ntev tau tso cai.
Rau kev thauj khoom hauv tsev, qhov tseem ceeb yog ua raws li cov qauv loj. Qhov kev xav tau no yog dictatedyooj yim ntawm kev thauj cov tsheb thauj khoom thiab cov thawv rau kev thauj dej.
Reusable pallet ntau yam
Raws li European cov qauv, ntoo pallets, tus nqi ntawm qhov (vim li ntawm 50 rubles / daim mus rau 180 rubles / daim, nyob ntawm seb tus mob) - tus nqi pheej yig tshaj plaws rau kev thauj mus los loj, yuav tsum muab faib ua cov qib zoo. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov ntsuas tseem ceeb tseem tsis hloov pauv. Qib nyob ntawm qhov pom thiab lub sijhawm siv.
qib siab suav nrog cov pallets tshiab thiab dawb. Lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob qhia cov chips lossis tawg. Tus naj npawb ntawm kev siv cov pallets no tsis pub tshaj 3 zaug.
qib thib ob - cov no yog tib yam huv thiab dawb pallets, siv, tab sis tsis kho thiab tsis muaj lwm yam kev puas tsuaj. Lub sijhawm ntawm lawv siv tsis txwv yog tias lub xeev tseem tsis hloov pauv.
Qib thib peb ntawm pallets tso cai rau kev sib kis me ntsis. Nws kuj tseem ua tau tias cov laug cam darken los ntawm kev siv ntev, muaj cov kab nrib pleb me me. Lawv loj yog txwv rau 30 mm dav thiab 300 mm ntev. Nws tuaj yeem siv pallets tom qab kev kho me me. Tag nrho lwm cov pallets raug muab sau tseg vim lawv tsis muaj lub zog zoo ib yam thiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo thaum lub sijhawm thauj khoom thiab tshem tawm haujlwm.
Lwm yam khoom siv pallet
Logically, ntoo yog cov khoom pheej yig tshaj plaws rau kev tsim khoom pallet. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no muaj pallets los ntawm lwm yam ntaub ntawv. Hlau pallets muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub zog thiablub neej ua haujlwm ntev. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv hnyav dua li lwm tus. Lawv siv tsis yog kev lag luam. Qhov tsuas yog qhov tshwj xeeb yog euroboxes, lub zog ntawm cov phab ntsa yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj li lawv qhov loj.
Plastic pallets kuj tau ua pov thawj lawv tus kheej. Lawv yog ib lub teeb yuag thiab kuj ruaj. Qhov tsis zoo tseem ceeb ntawm hom pallets no yog lawv cov nqi siab. Yog lawm, thiab lawv qiv lawv tus kheej los kho ntau dua li lwm hom.
Tsuas ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas lawv tau sim ua cov pallets ua rau tsis tsim nyog. Lawv yog cov kim heev, nkig, lossis hnyav.
Txoj kev thauj khoom mus rau pallets
Hauv kev thauj khoom thauj, ib qho qauv pallet, qhov ntev ntawm qhov uas yog tsim los rau qhov ntev ntawm kev thauj mus los, yuav tsum tau ntim kom zoo kom cov khoom thauj tsis puas. Yog tias koj tsis ua raws li cov cai yooj yim, qhov tshwm sim tuaj yeem ua rau tu siab heev.
Rau pib, nws tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias txhua lub pallet muaj nws tus kheej txwv. Rau euro pallets nws yog 600 kg, thiab fin pallets nws yog 750 kg. Tshaj qhov ntsuas no yog fraught nrog kev puas tsuaj ntawm kev ncaj ncees ntawm pallet thiab kev puas tsuaj rau cov khoom thauj.
Rau qhov yooj yim thiab kev tso chaw me me, cov thawv yuav tsum tsis txhob tawm dhau ntawm cov npoo ntawm qhov chaw thau khoom. Lawv tsis pom zoo kom muab tso rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub pyramid, vim tias txoj kev no yog qhov tsis ntseeg siab tshaj plaws. Tag nrho cov qauv yuav tsum muaj kev sib txuas ruaj khov, txij li cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txav ntawm lub loader yog txuam nrog kev vibrations. Tus qauv xoob yuav poob sai sai.
rau cov thoob thiablwm lub thawv uas tsis yog lub thawv muaj lawv tus kheej tshwj xeeb kev thauj mus los. Txhawm rau kom yooj yim ntawm kev thauj mus los, lawv yuav tsum tau kho raws li qhov ua tau. Tab sis nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob tshaj qhov ntev ntawm lub pallet raws perimeter.
Standard van chaw nyob
Tsis yog qhov chaw kawg hauv kev tsim qauv ntawm qhov loj ntawm pallets yog ua si los ntawm lawv txoj kev thauj khoom rau hauv lub tsheb. Nws yog qhov xav tau tias tus nqi ntawm kev thauj ib chav ntawm cov khoom thauj yog nyob ntawm seb lawv tuaj yeem tuav tau tag nrho thaj chaw siv tau. Nws tseem yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov hnyav ntawm pallet. Qhov nruab nrab, nws yog 15-20 kg, tab sis qee cov tuam ntxhab qhia qhov ntsuas ntawm 40 kg. Qhov no cuam tshuam rau lub peev xwm ntawm lub tsheb thauj khoom, vim tias cov pallets lawv tus kheej yog ib feem ntawm cov khoom thauj hauv nws.
Nws feem ntau lees txais tias lub tsheb 20-ko taw tuaj yeem tuav txog 11 euro pallets thiab 9-10 tus qauv pallets hauv ib txheej. Yog li ntawd, 40-ko taw tsheb yuav yooj yim thauj mus txog 24 euro pallets thiab mus txog 22 tus qauv.
Hauv cov tsheb thauj neeg thoob ntiaj teb uas siv rau kev thauj khoom, 30 pallets ntawm 8001200 mm tuaj yeem muab tso ze rau ib leeg. Qhov no siv rau 20-tuj tsheb, qhov ntim yog 82 cubic meters. Cov pallets loj dua tau muab tso rau hauv cov khoom me me hauv cov tsheb thauj khoom, uas qhia txog kev siv tsis tsim nyog rau kev thauj mus los thoob ntiaj teb.
Kev nyab xeeb
Hnub no, cov tsev khaws khoom tsis tshua siv cov neeg ua haujlwm los thauj khoom rau hauv tsheb. Feem ntau rau cov hom phiaj no, cov loaders thiab pallets yog siv. Yog tsis muaj lawv, lub sij hawm ntawm sau lub tsheb thauj khoom los yog thawv nce los ntawm ob pebib zaug. Tab sis yog tias tsis ua raws li cov cai tswj kev nyab xeeb, koj tuaj yeem raug mob hnyav, uas qee zaum tsis haum rau lub neej lossis ua rau muaj kev tsis taus.
Thaum ua haujlwm nrog lub tsheb thauj khoom, tsis txhob nyob ze rau nws. Tus neeg teb xov tooj yuav tsis pom tus neeg uas muab zais los ntawm kev thauj khoom. Yog li ntawd, kev sib tsoo yog ua tau. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis txhob sawv ntsug hauv qab rab rawg ntawm lub loader. Txhua lub pallet yuav tawg sai lossis tom qab, txawm tias nws yog ntoo, hlau lossis yas pallets.
Tsis txhob tshaj lub peev xwm nqa ntawm cov khoom siv. Nyob rau hauv warehouses, muaj ntau zaus thaum forklifts dov thiab tsoo cov neeg los yog npaj tiag tiag chaos los ntawm tawg crates thiab thawv. Nws yuav siv sij hawm ntev dua los tshem tawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov xwm txheej zoo li no ib zaug ntxiv mus rau cov khoom thauj.
Kev siv cov pallets hauv cov tsev khaws khoom tsis yog qhov xav tau, tab sis yog qhov tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv ib qho ntawm lawv. Thiab peb txhua tus paub tias lub sijhawm yog nyiaj. Pallets pab lawv khwv tau nyiaj ntau dua.
