Kev tsim cov stairs yog lub luag haujlwm uas koj tuaj yeem ua koj tus kheej. Qhov kev tsim no yuav tsum ua kom xis nyob, zoo nkauj thiab nyab xeeb li sai tau thaum ua haujlwm. Tag nrho cov kev xav tau no tau ua tiav los ntawm kev tsim cov pob zeb ua kom zoo. Yuav ua li cas tsim cov qauv no nrog koj tus kheej tes yuav tham tom qab.
Qhov zoo ntawm kev tsim vaj tsev
pob zeb ntaiv hauv tsev ntiag tug (daim duab hauv qab) yog qhov ruaj khov thiab ruaj khov. Lawv saib aesthetically pleasing thiab zoo. Yog li ntawd, cov qauv zoo li no tau nruab ob sab hauv thiab sab nraum lub tsev. Qhob yog ib qho khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tsim cov ntaiv. Nws tsis raug rau qhov tsis zoo ntawm cua, nag, daus, kub hloov, thiab lwm yam. Tib lub sijhawm, pob zeb tsis ntshai ntawm kev ntxhov siab.
Qhob staircase sib xyaw ua ke nrog ntau hom façade tiav. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tus qauv yuav ua tau ntawm txawv heights. Nws tuaj yeem ua lub laj kab lossis muab kev nkag mus rau hauv pem teb thib ob lossisqab nthab. Koj tseem tuaj yeem siv cov khoom siv no los tsim qhov nqis mus rau hauv qab daus.
Monolithic pob zeb staircase tsis xoob. Yog li ntawd, nws tiv taus siab dynamic loads. Cov stairs yuav tsis creak. Qhov no yog kev tsim kom ruaj khov. Pob zeb siv tau los tsim cov qauv sib txawv. Lawv txawv nyob rau hauv configuration thiab tsim.
Qhob staircase hauv tsev yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Nws tsis hloov nws cov yam ntxwv thiab tsis tso tawm cov khoom tsim kev puas tsuaj txawm tias raug kub hnyiab. Nws tuaj yeem txuas nrog ntau yam khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj. Muaj ntau txoj kev xaiv rau kev tsim cov staircase tsim. Kev xaiv yog nyob ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab kev nyiam saj ntawm cov tswv ntawm lub tsev.
Ntau yam
pob zeb ntaiv (daim duab hauv qab) yuav txawv ntawm hom kev tsim kho. Lawv tuaj yeem ua monolithic lossis ua ke. Hauv thawj kis, tag nrho cov staircase yog ua los ntawm cov cement mortar. Ua ke ntau yam muaj ib tug hlau ncej. Nws ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug fastener rau cov kauj ruam ua pob zeb. Txhua kauj ruam yog ua los ntawm cov cement, nchuav rau hauv daim ntawv npaj.
Cov duab ntawm tus ntaiv tuaj yeem ncaj (nrog ib lossis ntau qhov kev taug kev), nrog rau cov kauv. Lawv nyuaj rau kev tsim khoom. Cov staircase yooj yim tshaj plaws yog ib qho kev sib tw ncaj nraim, uas yog ntsia nruab nrab ntawm ob phab ntsa. Xws li, piv txwv li, tej zaum yuav yog qhov nqis mus rau hauv qab daus. Hauv qhov no, nws tsis yog qhov tsim nyog los tsim cov khoom kawg ntawm cov qauv sib cais. Cov kauj ruam yog tsau ncaj qha rauphab ntsa.
Nws nyuaj dua rau kev txhim kho tus ntaiv no yog tias nws nyob ntawm ib phab ntsa xwb. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, koj yuav tsum tau ntxiv manufactured ib sab. Koj muaj peev xwm tsim xws li ntau yam ntawm kev tsim kho uas tsis cia siab rau ntawm phab ntsa txhua. Lawv muaj ob qhov kawg. Xws li ib lub staircase tsuas yog nyob rau sab sauv thiab sab hauv pem teb ntawm chav.
Pob zeb ntaiv hauv tsev mus rau pem teb ob yuav muaj ob lossis ntau qhov kev taug kev. Ntawm no koj yuav tau tsim tshwj xeeb spans. Qhov no yog ib qho nyuaj heev uas cov novice masters tsis tshua muaj khoom.
Cov qauv uas nyuaj tshaj plaws yog cov stairs kauv. Txawm li cas los xij, nws zoo li muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua li lwm cov kev xaiv. Yuav kom tsim tau ib lub staircase, ib qho kev tsis sib xws yog tsim. Nws yog qhov nyuaj heev los ua nws. Qhov no yog ib tug tshwj xeeb system ntawm ntau curvilinear shields. Nws yuav siv sij hawm ntau thiab siv sij hawm los khi ib lub thav duab.
Kev xaiv lub kaum sab xis
Qhob stairs mus rau hauv pem teb thib ob, mus rau hauv qab daus los yog lub sam thiaj yuav tsum raug xam kom raug. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum tsim cov phiaj xwm tsim. Nws yuav tsum tau muab xam kom raug. Ua ntej koj yuav tsum ntsuas qhov chaw dawb uas yuav faib rau kev tsim kho.
Tom ntej no, ib daim duab tsim. Qhov ntev ntawm chav tsev lossis lub platform ntawm txoj kev uas cov kauj ruam yuav raug tsim yog hloov mus rau nws. Tom ntej no, ntsuas qhov ntev ntawm tus ntaiv yuav tsum yog. Koj kuj yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab txog hom kev tsim kho uas koj npaj yuav tsim ntawm koj tus kheej hauv ib lub tsev ntiag tug. Tus nqi ntawm xws li ib tug tsim nyob ntawm nws complexity, thiabdimensions.
Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim ib txoj kev npaj staircase, koj yuav tsum ua raws li tag nrho cov kev cai ntawm lub tsev cov qauv thiab cov kev cai. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xam qhov dav thiab lub kaum sab xis ntawm inclination ntawm tus qauv, xaiv tus naj npawb ntawm cov kauj ruam uas tsim nyog. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv xav txog seb puas txav raws li tus ntaiv yuav xis nyob. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xav txog lub laj kab, txiav txim siab seb puas yuav tsum tau marches rau xws li ib tug system. Hauv qhov no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xav txog tag nrho cov ntsiab lus.
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, txiav txim siab lub kaum sab xis ntawm qhov nkag ntawm cov ntaiv. Nws yuav tsum tsis txhob tiaj tus heev kom tsis txhob siv ntau qhov chaw. Nws kuj yog qhov tsim nyog los tsim kev nce siab heev. Qhov no yog qhov tsis yooj yim thiab tsis nyab xeeb. Yog tias tus ntaiv nyob hauv tsev, nws yuav tsum muaj lub kaum sab xis ntawm 25-45º.
Yog lub kaum sab xis ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm tus qauv yog 35º, qhov ntev yuav muaj qhov ntev ntawm 4.3 m. Qhov no yog qhov nruab nrab. Nrog lub qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob, koj tuaj yeem tsim tus ntaiv ntev 3 m (lub kaum sab xis ntawm qhov siab yog 45º). Kev noj cov pob zeb yog nyob ntawm qhov ntsuas no. Qhov txawv ntawm 25º thiab 45º tsim yog 2.3 npaug.
Xaiv cov kauj ruam qhov ntev
Thaum tsim cov phiaj xwm staircase pob zeb nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes, koj yuav tsum xam qhov ntev thiab tus lej ntawm cov kauj ruam kom raug. Muaj qee cov qauv ntawm kev xaiv lawv qhov loj me. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog tias cov kauj ruam siab yog los ntawm 16 mus rau 20 cm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov dav ntawm cov kauj ruam tuaj yeem yog los ntawm 27 mus rau 30 cm. Cov kws tshaj lij hais tias cov kev cai no yuav tsum tsis txhob tsis quav ntsej. Yog tias koj ua cov kauj ruam nce siab (ntau dua 22 cm), nws yuav nyuaj rau nce thiab nqis. Yog tias muaj cov neeg laus hauv tsev, koj yuav tsum tau ua cov kauj ruam ntawm qhov siab kawg nkaus (16 cm).
Yog tias koj ua cov kauj ruam qis dua 15 cm, nws kuj yuav tsis yooj yim. Taug kev nrawm dhau yog nkees. Thaum nqa, koj yuav tau ua kom muaj zog ntxiv. Rau cov menyuam yaus, cov kauj ruam no yog qhov tsim nyog heev. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum xaiv qhov nce ntawm cov kauj ruam, cov kev cai ntawm txhua tus neeg nyob hauv tsev yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account.
Qhov dav ntawm cov kauj ruam kuj raug tswj los ntawm cov qauv. Lawv qhov dav tsis tuaj yeem tsawg dua 25 cm. Txwv tsis pub, ko taw yuav tsis so tag nrho ntawm qhov chaw thiab yuav pib swb. Tsiv raws li cov qauv no yuav tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb. Yog tias koj ua cov kauj ruam dav dua 32 cm, ib tus neeg yuav tsum tau ua ib kauj ruam dav dua thaum nce qib. Nws kuj ua rau qee qhov tsis xis nyob.
qauv xav tau
Yuav ua li cas ua ib lub staircase, qhia txog cov qauv hauv tsev. Lawv teev cov kev xaiv kom raug ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov kauj ruam, qhov nce thiab lub kaum sab xis ntawm cov ntaiv. Yog hais tias nws yog npaj rau nruab stairs nyob rau hauv lub tsev, nws yuav tsum muaj ib tug dav ntawm 80 cm. Koj muaj peev xwm ua kom cov duab no mus rau 1 m yog hais tias muaj coob tus neeg nyob rau hauv lub tsev thiab, tej zaum, lawv yuav nqis thiab nce ntaiv. tib lub sijhawm. Nco ntsoov suav nrog railings hauv qhov tsim.
Yog tias lub dav hlau nruab nrab ntawm cov ntaiv tau nruab, cov kauj ruam yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg 3 daim, thiab ntau tshaj 17 daim. Yog tias lawv yuav tsum tau ua ntau dua, tsim ob lub peb hlis ntuj tsim. Nruab nrab ntawm lawv yuav tsum muaj lub platform. Txwv tsis pub, kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsev zoo li no yuav tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb. Yog ib tug neeg dawmthiab ntog, nws yuav raug mob hnyav. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los ua cov kauj ruam me me, cais lawv nrog spans.
Nws tseem yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias tus lej ntawm cov kauj ruam yuav tsum khib. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias tib neeg muaj kev nyiam ntau dua pib nrog ib ko taw thiab ua tiav nrog lwm tus. Hauv qhov no, txhua kauj ruam yuav tsum yog tib qhov siab. Txwv tsis pub, koj tuaj yeem dawm. Thaum nqa thiab nqis, cov leeg ntawm ob txhais ceg nco ntsoov ntawm qhov siab qhov txav tau ua. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub luj yog pauv mus rau hauv tus account lub yav dhau los kauj ruam qhov siab. Txawm tias muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm 2 cm hauv qib no, ib tus neeg tuaj yeem ntog thiab raug mob hnyav.
Nws kuj tsim nyog hais tias lub pob zeb staircase yuav tsum muaj railing. Balusters raug ntsia hauv qab lawv. Cov txheej txheem no yog cov kev txhawb nqa ntxiv rau cov railing. Thaum ua tiav cov pob zeb staircase, koj yuav tsum tsim qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov balusters. Yog tias muaj cov menyuam yaus hauv tsev, cov qauv tsim no tau nruab rau ntawm qhov deb ntawm 10-15 cm ntawm ib leeg. Txwv tsis pub, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntaiv los ntawm cov menyuam yaus yuav tsis nyab xeeb.
Kev npaj rau kev sib dhos
Stairs ntawm lub hauv paus pob zeb tsuas yog tsim tau tom qab txhua qhov tsim nyog suav tau ua tiav. Raws li lub lauj kaub, cov khoom siv yuav tsum tau yuav. Formwork kuj tsim raws li daim duab no. Cement mortar yuav muab nchuav rau hauv.
Formwork sib dhos yog theem nyuaj tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog nyob ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm nws qhov kev siv. Cov txheej txheem no siv sijhawm ntau thiab siv zog. Yog peb tso caiyuam kev ntawm theem no, qhov tshwm sim yuav loj heev.
Yuav ua kom formwork, koj yuav tsum npaj cov laug cam. Lawv yuav tsum yog 3 cm dav, koj tuaj yeem siv cov plywood waterproof rau lub hom phiaj no. Nws cov tuab yuav tsum yog kwv yees li 1.5 cm. Cov khoom siv no yog siv los npaj cov txheej txheem hauv qab ntawm cov ntaiv, nrog rau flanging, risers.
Yog tias koj xav tsim cov qauv nkhaus, koj yuav tsum npaj cov plywood waterproof nrog ib lub thickness ntawm 0.6-0.9 cm. Boards nrog ib tug tuab ntawm 5 cm yog pab tau rau kev txhawb nqa. ntawm 10x10 cm Lawv kuj siv los tsim cov ntawv sib txuas plywood. Kev kho cov ntaub ntawv yog ua nrog kev pab ntawm cov ces kaum, tus kheej tapping screws.
Thaum xaiv cov khoom siv rau kev ua haujlwm, koj yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov zoo ntawm cov boards lossis plywood. Nws yuav tsum ua kom du. Tib yam yuav yog qhov saum npoo ntawm cov pob zeb tom qab nws hardens. Xws li ib lub staircase tsis tas yuav ua tiav. Nws tsuas yog tsim rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj (yog tias xav tau los ntawm cov tswv tsev). Txhawm rau ua tiav qhov txiaj ntsig no, cov chaw sab hauv ntawm lub formwork yuav tsum tau sanded nrog zoo ua ntej sib dhos. Rau cov plywood du, cov kauj ruam no tsis tas yuav tsum tau.
Creating formwork
Lub pob zeb staircase yog sib sau los ntawm hauv qab mus. Ua ntej koj yuav tsum tau mount lub formwork. Pib los ntawm kev txhim kho nws qhov qis. Dimensional boards yog fastened nrog beams sab nraum formwork. Los ntawm hauv qab no, cov qauv no tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm kev txhawb nqa tuav (ib qho rau txhua kauj ruam). Self-tapping screws yog siv los kho.
Side sectionscov qauv yuav tsum tau txwv rau flanging los ntawm plywood lossis boards. Los ntawm sab nraud, nws kuj tseem muaj zog nrog cov tuav. Tom qab ntawd, kev txhawb nqa yog nqa tawm. Rau qhov no, hlau rods nrog ib tug ntoo khaub lig seem ntawm 10 mm yog siv. Lawv muab tso rau hauv thiab hla cov qauv, khi lub zog nrog hlau. Lub vas yuav tsum yog 2-3 cm ntawm qab.
Tom ntej, nruab plywood los tsim cov risers. Cov nplooj ntawv txuas nrog flanging nrog cov fab hlau. Tag nrho cov pob qij txha yuav tsum tau coated nrog pob zeb mortar. Thaum nws dries, nto yog leveled nrog ib tug grinder.
Cement mortar pouring
Tiav lub pob zeb staircase yuav tsis tas yuav tsum yog tias lub formwork raug sib dhos kom zoo rau nws thiab nchuav raws li cov kev xav tau uas twb muaj lawm. Rau qhov no, cov cement qib los ntawm M200 thiab siab dua yog siv. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg yuav tsum muaj xws li crushed pob zeb. Qhov seem yuav tsum yog 1-2 cm loj.
Sau pib los ntawm cov kauj ruam hauv qab. 2-3 formwork compartments yog ntim nrog cement. Tom ntej no, cov khoom yuav tsum tau compacted. Rau qhov no koj yuav tsum tau siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb. Ib feem ntawm cov pob zeb nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no yuav tsum tau nyem tawm ntawm lub formwork. Nws yuav tsum tau txav mus los yog qis. Sab saum toj ntawm cov kauj ruam yuav tsum tau smoothed tawm nrog ib tug trowel. Cov txheej txheem yog nqa tawm mus rau sab saum toj ntawm lub formwork. Tom ntej no, lub pob zeb yog npog nrog zaj duab xis thiab nws qhov chaw yog moistened.
Txoj kev tshem tawm
Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim ib qho chaw staircase, koj yuav tsum ua raws li tag nrho cov kev cai hauv tsev thiab cov lus pom zoo ntawm cov kws tshaj lij. Lawv sib cav tias cov formwork yuav tsum raug tshem tawm kom raug. Cov txheej txheem no tau ua nyob rau ntau theem.
7 hnub tom qab nchuavcement tshem cov flanging thiab boards ntawm cov kauj ruam. Qhov no yog ua tib zoo ua tib zoo thiaj li tsis ua rau cov qauv puas. Yog tias nws pom tseeb tias cov pob zeb tseem ntub, cov formwork yuav tsum tsis txhob muab tshem tawm. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas cov laug cam yuav raug tshem tawm, nto yog polished nrog ib tug grinder.
Kev txhawb nqa yuav tsum tsuas yog tshem tawm 22-27 hnub tom qab cov pob zeb tau nchuav lawm. Yog tias qhov no ua tiav sai dhau, cov qauv yuav tawg. Hauv qab ntawm cov ntaiv yuav tsum tau sanded zoo.
Tiav
Tiav ib lub staircase hauv tsev tuaj yeem ua tiav siv cov khoom sib txawv. Nws tuaj yeem yog ntoo, laminate, pobzeb. Porcelain stoneware thiab pob zeb dag kuj siv rau cov laj thawj no. Koj tuaj yeem npog qhov chaw ntawm cov ntaiv nrog cov ntaub pua plag. Qhov saum npoo ntawm cov qauv yuav tsum yog lub tiaj tiaj kom cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj zoo nkauj thiab zoo mounted.
Yog qhov saum npoo tsis du txaus, pob lossis pits yuav tshwm sim. Cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsis ua kom nruj rau saum npoo. Txhawm rau zam qhov no, qhov saum npoo ntawm cov kauj ruam yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo sanded. Yog tias tsim nyog, plaster yog thov. Nws kuj yog siv rau qhov kawg. Cov chaw no tom qab ntawd npog nrog ib txheej xim.
Tau txiav txim siab seb hom pob zeb ntaiv yog dab tsi, nrog rau kev nkag mus rau hauv cov yam ntxwv ntawm lawv qhov kev teeb tsa, koj tuaj yeem tsim tus qauv zoo sib xws hauv koj lub tsev.
