Ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev qub tshaj plaws siv los ntawm tib neeg rau ntau pua xyoo yog cib. Txij li thaum ancient sij hawm, txoj kev ntawm nws cov ntau lawm tsis hloov ntau, tab sis niaj hnub no cov ntaub ntawv no yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog rau kev tsim cov thev naus laus zis tshiab, kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm cov cib thaiv tau pib tsim, uas cov silicate block yog siv ntau tshaj.
khoom siv niaj hnub
Rau cov neeg tsis paub txog cov khoom siv hauv tsev, cib muab faib ua ob hom: dawb thiab liab. Lub thaiv liab hauv cov lus tshaj lij yog hu ua ceramic, thiab cov dawb yog ib qho silicate block. Cov thaiv dawb tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kev lag luam khoom siv hauv tsev tsis ntev los no. Hauv qhov no, nws tsis tuaj yeem khav theeb tib yam keeb kwm nplua nuj xws li ceramic cib. Silicate blocks, txawm li cas los xij, nquag ntes nrog cov ceramics raws li daim ntawv thov txheeb cais thiab ntau xyoo lawm lawv tau pom.cov khoom muaj zog thiab ruaj khov.
Phab ntsa silicate yog siv ob qho tib si hauv kev tsim kho siab thiab qis qis: thaum tso qhov siab sab hauv thiab sab nraud ntawm cov phab ntsa, qhov cua nkag (txog rau lub qab nthab), muab faib rau hauv cov tsev lag luam thiab thaj chaw, warehouses, garages., laj kab, vaj tsev. Cov cai hauv tsev txwv tsis pub siv lub tsev plinths los ntawm cov khoom siv no; cib liab yog siv rau qhov no.
Txhawm rau ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom siv no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias silicate blocks txawv li cas. Lawv cov yam ntxwv, nyob ntawm tus qauv thiab lub hom phiaj, txiav txim siab txog lawv daim ntawv thov.
Dawb thaiv tau muab faib ua hom raws li ob qhov tsis muaj:
- Structure.
- Destination.
Structure of blocks
Cov qauv ntawm silicate cib blocks yog:
- Lub cev puv - cov khoom lag luam monolithic uas tus naj npawb ntawm qhov tsis tshaj 13%.
- Hollow - tus naj npawb ntawm cov voids nyob rau hauv lawv thaj tsam li ntawm 13-50%, tab sis voids txog li 35% yog suav hais tias zoo.
Hollow bricks txawv ntawm feem pua, tus naj npawb thiab qhov loj ntawm cov voids hauv lub cev. Feem ntau siv yog:
- peb-qhov thaiv, 52 hli qhov, 15% voids;
- block nrog kaum ib qhov khoob, qhov - 30 mm, 25%;
- block nrog kaum plaub voids, qhov - 30 mm, 30%.
Qhov nyob rau hauv lub cev ntawm lub block ua rau kom cov thermal rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov khoom. Lawv kuj cuam tshuam rau kev noj ntawm masonry sib tov:ntau voids nyob rau hauv lub block, ntau mortar yuav tsum tau. Hollow thaiv phab ntsa xav tau kev rwb thaiv tsev ntxiv.
Material purpose
Los ntawm lub hom phiaj, cov cib dawb yog qhov txawv raws li hauv qab no:
- Lub tsev, hu ua dog dig, - tag nrho lub cev, nrog ib tug me me ntawm voids silicate blocks. Cov yam ntxwv muab cov khoom siv no nrog lub zog siab, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txhim kho cov phab ntsa load-bearing, kab thiab ncej, partitions ntawm chav. Nyob rau ntawm cov khoom no, muaj kev ntxhib los mos, tawg los yog bruises, vim hais tias tom qab lub masonry yuav tsum tau them nrog ib tug tiav.
- Lub ntsej muag - hollow cib uas yog siv rau facade cladding. Qhov kev xav tau tseem ceeb rau lawv yog cov xim sib xws thiab txawm tias cov duab tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj. Lawv tuaj yeem npog nrog cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj.
Nws ua li cas?
Kev tsim cov roj silicate blocks yog ua los ntawm kev siv tshuab tsis siv hluav taws xob. Cov khoom siv yog ib yam khoom uas muaj cov duab ntawm parallelepiped thiab yog npaj rau kev tso phab ntsa. Hauv kev tsim khoom, moistened txiv qaub-silica los yog txiv qaub-xuab zeb sib tov yog siv los ua ib qho kev sib khi thiab sib sau ua ke. Cov khoom no yog autoclaved thiab nias.
Qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm silicate sib tov yog:
- air tsev txiv qaub;
- xuab zeb rau ua cov khoom siv silicate;
- Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg;
- ya tshauv los ntawm thermal fais fab nroj tsuag;
- slag xuab zeb;
- ash thiab slag fine-grain mix;
- alkali-resistant pigments (chromium oxide);
- Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg.
Cov khoom ntawm slag thiab tshauv yog xws li tias lawv tag nrho lossis ib nrab hloov quartz xuab zeb, uas ua rau txo qis ntawm qhov ntom ntawm silicate block. Qhov no txhim kho lub zog thiab thermal rwb thaiv tsev zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, tib lub sijhawm, kev siv cov khoom sib txuas yog qhov tseem ceeb - los ntawm 40% - txo qis thiab lub sijhawm kho autoclave raug txo, uas txo cov nqi ntawm cov roj silicate blocks li ntawm 20%.
Blocks tuaj yeem muaj cov xim qub ntawm cov khoom siv raw - grey - lossis xim xim thaum cov xim ntxiv rau ntawm theem ntawm kev npaj cov tshuaj.
Yuav tsum muaj rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov silicate block tuaj yeem pom hauv cov cai hauv qab no:
- GOST 23421-79.
- GOST 379-95.
- SNiP 3.03.01-87.
Lub meej mom ntawm silicate blocks, neeg siv tswv yim
Qhov nrov ntawm cov khoom no, raws li kev tshuaj xyuas, yog vim nws ntau yam zoo:
- Tus nqi qis dua piv rau cov khoom siv ceramic.
- Efflorescence tsis tsim rau ntawm silicate blocks, txawm tias ntev npaum li cas los ntawm kev tso ntawm lawv. Ceramic cib tsis tuaj yeem khav ntawm cov khoom zoo li no.
- Lub silicate block muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub zog ntau dua li cov khoom siv ceramic, uas cov kab nrib pleb dhau sijhawm thiab pib tawg.
- Cov khoom siv tau yooj yim ua haujlwm nrog. Rauua phab ntsa cib dawb, tsis muaj lus qhia tshwj xeeb.
- Lub cib no yog siv rau kev tsim kho ntawm cov khoom siv hauv kev tsim khoom lag luam, vim nws muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo soundproofing.
- Vim lub thaiv yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv ntuj tsim, nws yog ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg thiab tsis tso cov tshuaj phem dhau sijhawm.
- Cov khoom siv tau zoo heev: nws tsis poob nws qhov zoo thaum lub sijhawm 50 xyoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm.
- Lub tsev silicate thaiv muaj qhov ua tiav zoo nkauj vim yog cov qauv tsim zoo ntawm cov cib dawb.
- Vim qhov tsis siv thev naus laus zis, nws muaj tus nqi qis dua piv rau cov cib liab.
- Txawm hais tias qhov tseeb tias silicate cib poob rau lwm cov khoom raws li cov khoom siv tiv thaiv te, qhov xwm txheej hloov pauv lub sijhawm: Frost tsis kam thiab lub zog nce vim huab cua carbonization ntawm cov khoom.
- Hollow cov khoom lag luam txo qhov hnyav ntawm cov qauv hauv tsev, yog li ntawd, lub nra ntawm lub hauv paus yog txo.
- Cov khoom siv no muaj ntau yam, qhov me me ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsim tau ntau yam architectural ua ke.
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov blocks sau tseg los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom
Qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev no txo qis qhov ua tau ntawm nws siv.
Lub silicate block, tsis zoo li cov ceramic thaiv, muaj cov yam ntxwv tsis muaj cua sov thiab dej tsis kam. Yog li ntawd, raws li pov thawj los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas, nws siv rau kev tsim kho ntawm lub hauv paus, thaj chawcellars, cov kav dej phwj tuaj thiab lwm lub tsev uas muaj cov av noo siab tsis tuaj yeem ua tau. Hauv dej, cov khoom raug puas tsuaj sai heev.
thawj kab ntawm masonry los ntawm cov blocks no yuav tsum tau ua kom siab tshaj cov theem ntawm cov daus ntog - txog ib nrab ib 'meter' los ntawm hauv av, txwv tsis pub lub masonry yuav vau. Ua ntej cov blocks no, ib qho thaiv ceramic los yog lwm yam khoom siv hauv tsev tau nteg tawm.
Cov neeg siv kuj tseem nco ntsoov tias cov khoom siv no tsis haum rau kev tso qhov cub thiab lub tsev chimney, nws tsis tawv thiab tawg yog tias nws los rau hauv hluav taws.
Rau kev tsim vaj tsev ntau lub tsev, qhov no tseem yog cov khoom me me - silicate block. Nws qhov ntev me ntsis nce lub sijhawm ua haujlwm.
Block classification
Nyob ntawm cov ntsiab lus twg suav nrog hauv cov khoom siv, cib dawb yog:
- txiv qaub-ash - muaj 23% txiv qaub thiab 77% tshauv;
- txiv qaub-xuab zeb - ib qho dawb dawb thaiv uas muaj 92% quartz xuab zeb thiab 8% txiv qaub;
- txiv qaub-slag - hauv nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, quartz xuab zeb yog hloov los ntawm lub teeb porous slag (kwv yees li 92%) nrog ntxiv ntawm txiv qaub los ntawm 3 mus rau 12%.
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom sib txawv tuaj yeem sib txawv hauv ib qho kev coj los yog lwm qhov los ntawm 2-3%.
Txij li dej tau ntxiv rau qhov sib xyaw silicate ua cov khoom siv moisturizing, uas yog, nyob rau hauv ib qho me me kom txog thaum lub mortar ncav cuag cov zoo molding, xws li ib tug sib tov yog hu ua nyuaj: cov dej noo ntawm cov tshuaj yog hais txog 8%.
Size grid
Hnub noFeem ntau cov tuam txhab lag luam ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev tsim cov cib ntawm ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg, nrog rau cov cib dawb - silicate block. Nws qhov ntev yog raws li nram no:
- Single - muaj qhov ntev ntawm 250 x 65 x 120 mm (L x H x W), qhov hnyav nruab nrab - 3.6 kg. Qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm ob sab ntawm lub cib yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau alternating transverse thiab longitudinal tso ntawm blocks nyob rau hauv lub masonry.
- Ib thiab ib nrab (modular) - muaj qhov ntev ntawm 250 x 120 x 88 mm, hnyav - tsis ntau tshaj 4.3 kg. Yeej, xws li cib blocks yog hollow nrog corrugated nto.
- Ob chav - muaj qhov ntev ntawm 250 x 120 x 103 mm. Yeej, hom thaiv no yog hollow, yog li nws feem ntau siv rau lub teeb yuag masonry.
Ntau yam blocks
Ib hom cib dawb zoo tib yam yog cov nplaig silicate-thiab-groove thaiv. Cov khoom no yog ib lub phaj 500 x 70 x 250 mm nyob rau hauv loj nrog ib tug nplaig-thiab-groove xauv tso rau ntawm sab ntsej muag. Qhov xav tau los tsim cov qauv zoo li no tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev xav pab txhawb kev tsim kho ntawm phab ntsa partitions thiab txo lub sijhawm ntawm kev tsim cov haujlwm no.
Cov slab yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm dej, quartz xuab zeb thiab ceev lime, hluav taws kub resistant thiab environmentally friendly. Raws li kev txheeb xyuas, vim muaj huab cua zoo permeability, lub microclimate zoo tsim nyob rau hauv chav tsev, cov khoom tsis rot, tsis deform, thiab absorbs suab zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom no tuaj yeem txhim kho nyob rau hauv ob txheej txheej rau kev teeb tsa zais ntawm cov tes hauj lwm thiab kev rwb thaiv tsev.
Zaj lus
BasicQhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv no yog qhov yooj yim ntawm kev siv, lub zog thiab qhov zoo nkauj ntawm cov tsev tsim los ntawm nws. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, silicate block tau ua pov thawj nws tus kheej ntawm ob tus kws tsim khoom thiab cov kws ua haujlwm hauv tsev.
