Txawm hais tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua lag luam ntawm ntau thiab ntau niaj hnub thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev zoo, adobe tsev tsis poob lawv qhov cuam tshuam rau niaj hnub no. Tab sis lawv tau paub ntev heev. Thiab lawv yog cov vaj tsev txuag hluav taws xob, kev tsim kho uas tsis xav tau kev nqis peev nyiaj txiag loj.
Adobe yog qhov sib xyaw ntawm av nplaum, xuab zeb thiab straw. Hauv kev tsim khoom, cov khoom zoo li no hu ua cov cib nyoos. Ceramic txawv ntawm nws nyob rau hauv uas adobe yog qhuav nyob rau hauv huab cua, thiab ceramic - nyob rau hauv qhov cub. Los ntawm cov khoom piav qhia, ib-zaj dab neeg tsev, laj kab thiab laj kab tuaj yeem txhim kho. Txawm li cas los xij, kev ua haujlwm tsuas yog ua tau nyob rau hauv cov huab cua qhuav, qhov uas nquag los nag yuav tsis rhuav tshem cov khoom dhau sijhawm.
Feem ntau, siv lub teeb adobe. Nws txawv ntawm durability thiab ntom, tsis sag thiab tsis hlawv. Thaum lub sij hawm, cov duab zoo khaws cia, thiab cov phab ntsa ua pa. Lub teeb adobe yog qhov pheej yig heev, nws yog qhov zoo rau kev sau cov vaj tse, ua lub rhaub.
Cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb
Ado tsev muaj ntau yam zoo. Ua ntej, nws muaj qib siab ntawm thermal rwb thaiv tsev. Qhov thib ob, cov tsev yog qhov zoo ntawm kev thaiv cov suab nrov ntawm kev khiav, kev tsheb ciav hlau thiab txoj kev.txoj kev loj. Thirdly, cov khoom yog hluav taws kub resistant. Qhov no tso cai rau nws siv rau hauv kev tsim vaj tsev uas muaj kev nyab xeeb hluav taws kub.
Cov khoom siv yog ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg, pheej yig thiab pheej yig. Nws muaj lub zog siab thiab tso cai rau koj los tsim ib lub tsev coj mus rau hauv tus account lub feem ntau complex niaj hnub tsim. Cov tsev zoo li no tsis tas yuav muaj cua sov ntxiv rau lub caij ntuj no. Thaum lub caij ntuj sov, cua sov yog khaws cia rau hauv cov phab ntsa, thaum qhov txias tseem nyob hauv. Lub tsev adobe kuj yog hygroscopic. Nws muaj peev xwm muab cov av noo zoo tshaj plaws hauv thaj chaw. Cov phab ntsa yog ua raws li cov ntaub ntawv zoo ib puag ncig uas tsuas yog los ntawm ntuj tsim.
Lub zog siab ntawm cov tsev zoo li no tau raug pov thawj rau ntau txhiab xyoo. Kev siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb, tshuaj thiab cov cuab yeej siv tsis suav nrog, thiab cov ntaub ntawv tau paub zoo txawm tias tus neeg tsim khoom tshiab, uas yuav tsis muaj sijhawm los ua rau lawv lwj. Hauv kev pom zoo ntawm cov tsev piav qhia, nws tuaj yeem raug sau tseg tias cov av nplaum muaj txhuas. Vim yog chav tsev no, hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tiv thaiv zoo. Lub ntiaj teb cov hlau nplaum tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv.
Lub ntsiab cons
Lub tsev adobe, zoo li lwm lub tsev, muaj nws qhov tsis zoo. Ntawm lwm yam, tsis muaj noo noo tsis kam yuav tsum tau qhia. Txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov tsis xws luag no, plastering thiab whitewashing yog ua nyob rau hauv lub tsev tiav. Qhov no kuj tshem tawm qhov cuam tshuam ntawm nag lossis daus ntawm lub façade.
Yog tias koj yuav cib lossis cov blocks uas muaj cov khoom siv organic, ces koj yuav tsum yognpaj rau uninvited qhua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm nas thiab kab los nyob rau hauv. Xws li cov khoom nyob rau hauv parallel ua txawm tsawg fireproof. Qhov no tshwm sim vim qhov nce hauv cov organic loj, uas zoo kawg nkaus txhawb combustion.
Qhov rho tawm ntawm lub tsev adobe kuj yog tias lub tsev tiav lawm yuav tsum sawv thiab qhuav rau ntev heev. Qhov no yog qhov zoo rau thaj chaw uas muaj huab cua sov. Yog tias kev ua haujlwm tau ua nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej kub, qhov teeb meem zoo li no yuav tsum tsis txhob tshwm sim. Yog tias lub tsev tsis raug tso cai sawv ntsug, ces cov khoom yuav tsis muaj zog, thiab cov organic muab tub lim yuav pib rot. Yog li ntawd, microclimate hauv lub tsev yuav tsis zoo li koj xav tau. Hais txog qhov no, koj yuav tsis ua kev zoo siab tom tsev sai sai no.
Xav txog qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm adobe tsev, koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias kev tsim kho muaj sijhawm tsawg. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los tsim lub tsev nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov, thaum huab cua kub. Yog vim li cas ntawm no yog qhia nyob rau hauv lub aforementioned tsis zoo. Raws li rau huab cua frosty, kev tsim kho hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no nyuaj heev. Yog hais tias nws yog nqa tawm, nws yuav tsum tau muaj ntsev los yog alkali nyob rau hauv dej raws li ib feem ntawm cov blocks. Yog hais tias cov phab ntsa tsis txaus compacted, dhau sij hawm lawv yuav muab ib tug loj linear shrinkage. Qhov ntev tuaj yeem ncav cuag 1/20 ntawm qhov siab ntawm phab ntsa.
Kev ntsuas rwb thaiv tsev ntxiv xav tau cov phab ntsa ua los ntawm hnyav adobe. Cov khoom no muaj cov ntsiab lus tsawg ntawm cov organic fillers. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yog zoo dua los siv pressed straw, uas yog ces plastered nrog av nplaum los yog them nrog ib tug sib tov ntawm av nplaum thiab txiv qaub. Los ntawm qhov taw tesHais txog cov nqi zog hauv kev tsim cov adobe cib, yuav luag tsis muaj dab tsi hloov txij li lub sijhawm qub. Blocks yog ua manually, thiab tsis yog nrog kev pab los ntawm tshwj xeeb units. Yog li ntawd, qhov ceev ntawm kev npaj rau kev tsim kho yog qhov tsawg heev.
block making
Kev ntseeg tau ntawm cov qauv yuav raug txo yog tias cov blocks ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm cov phab ntsa muaj qhov ntom ntom thiab cov av noo siab. Adobe yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej, vim hais tias rau kev tsim kho koj yuav xav tau ntau yam khoom, thiab nws yuav siv sij hawm ntau heev los tsim thiab qhuav. Yog tias koj tab tom npaj tsim lub tsev adobe nrog koj tus kheej tes, ces koj yuav tsum saib xyuas qhov muaj:
- straw;
- dej;
- boards;
- rauj;
- av nplaum; sib tov ntim; ntsia thawv; hacksaws.
Lub thawv uas tsis muaj qab yog khob los ntawm 2-centimeter boards. Lawv qhov loj me yuav tsum yog 35 x 18 x 14 cm. Cov duab tuaj yeem ua ob npaug, tab sis qhov no nws yuav hnyav dhau. Boards yuav tsum tiaj tus li sai tau, nrog ib tug du nto. Tsis muaj qhov ntau thiab tsawg rau cov khoom tau piav qhia, tab sis qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas yog qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws.
Yuav kom qhuav lub adobe, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los npaj ob qhov chaw. Racks ntawm ntoo beams los yog bricks yog nteg tawm nyob rau hauv ib tug ca zaj duab xis ntawm av. Shields los ntawm downed boards yog txuas rau lawv. Sab saum toj ntawm thawj lub platform yuav tsum muaj ib lub canopy, qhov thib ob yuav tsum nyob twj ywm hauv huab cua qhib. Tom ntej no, koj tuaj yeem pib npaj cov khoom.
av nplaum yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom. Cov muab tub lim tuaj yeem yog straw, ntoo shavings, gravel, xuab zeb, qhuavnyom thiab cement. Av nplaum yuav tsum huv si, muaj zog, yas thiab tsis muaj impurities. Txhawm rau xyuas seb nws puas tsim nyog, nws yuav tsum tau diluted nrog dej thiab dov rau hauv ib lub pob. Yog tias, thaum ziab, nws tsis tawg thiab tsis tawg thaum ntog los ntawm qhov siab ntawm 2 m, ces av nplaum siv tau. Kwv yees li 10 m33 ntawm cov khoom siv raw yuav siv rau 1,000 daim.
Yog tias koj ntsib cov lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas ua lub tsev adobe, ces ua ntej koj yuav tsum tau ua cov blocks. Rau lawv, straw straw yog coj, qhov ntev ntawm qhov ncav cuag 16 cm. Kev txiav npluav tsis haum. Txhawm rau kom muaj zog ntawm cov blocks thiab ua kom lawv cov dej tsis kam, cov txiv qaub yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Av nplaum thiab straw tau muab tso rau hauv qhov sib piv ntawm 4: 6, tab sis qhov sib piv tuaj yeem hloov pauv nyob ntawm seb hom khoom. Nyob rau hauv lub teeb ci ci, av nplaum yuav tsum yog 10% tsawg dua, thaum nyob rau hauv hnyav bricks - 20% ntau tshaj li tus qauv.
Tsim lub tsev adobe cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim cov blocks. Koj tuaj yeem npaj cov kev daws teeb meem hauv av los ntawm kev tshem thaj chaw thiab ua ib qho chaw so hauv qhov chaw. Rau ib qho me me ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev, ib lub trough nrog qis sab yog haum. Koj tuaj yeem tsim ib lub thav duab los ntawm cov laug cam thiab sheathe nrog cov ntawv galvanized. Nyob rau hauv lub thawv, cov tshuaj yuav tsis sib tov nrog av, thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm los nag, txhua yam yuav tsum tau them nrog polyethylene.
Cov sib tov yog npaj raws li nram no: ua ntej, av nplaum yog poured, uas yog ntxiv dej. Ncuav dej rau hauv nws thiab sib tov zoo, tawm rau 12 teev. Tom qab ntawd straw los yog lwm yam muab tub lim ntxiv, txhua yam yog tov zoo. Txhawm rau tsim, sivib lub rooj tsav dav dav uas muab tso rau hauv daim ntawv. Qhov saum npoo yog abundantly wetted nrog dej thiab sprinkled nrog xuab zeb. Cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau sau los ntawm tes thiab compacted rau hauv ib tug pwm, sealing lub ces kaum. Qhov chaw qhib tau sawv nrog straw thiab sawdust. Thaum ziab, yuav tsum muaj qhov chaw pub dawb ntawm cov blocks rau huab cua ncig.
Tom qab saib cov duab ntawm adobe tsev, koj yuav nkag siab tias lawv txhua tus tau nruab rau hauv lub hauv paus. Rau nws kev tsim kho, koj yuav tsum npaj:
- rubble;
- clay;
- rebar;
- level;
- tus kheej tapping screws;
- plastic qhwv;
- brick fight;
- sand;
- cement mortar;
- boards.
Nyob rau theem tom ntej, ib lub trench yog khawb hauv qab daim kab xev. Nws yuav tsum yog 20 cm dav dua li lub thickness ntawm phab ntsa. Cov phab ntsa yuav tsum muaj ib tug tuab ntawm 35 cm, lub trench yuav tsum nyob ib ncig ntawm lub perimeter ntawm lub tsev thiab nyob rau hauv cov chaw uas lub internal load-bearing phab ntsa yuav nyob. Yuav tsum mus tob dua 70 cm.
Ib xuab zeb cushion muab tso rau hauv qab ntawm lub trench, cib, pob zeb thiab crushed pob zeb yog poured rau saum. Cov txheej yuav tsum tsis txhob ncav cuag 25 cm mus rau sab saum toj, cov tuav tuav yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov pob zeb, uas yuav tsum nce 20 cm saum toj no cov av nto, ces lub nto yog poured nrog ib tug kua tov ntawm av nplaum.
Formwork yog sib sau los ntawm cov laug cam, uas yog them nrog yas qhwv. Sab nraum, lub formwork yog ntxiv dag zog nrog struts ua los ntawm kab teeb. Cov qauv yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam nrog ib theem thiab yuav tsum tau nruab ib lub tawb ntxiv, kho nws ntawm cov laug cam. Qhov chaw sab hauv yog dej nyabmortar, deg uas yuav tsum tau leveled thiab npog nrog ib zaj duab xis.
phab ntsa
Los ntawm saib cov tsev qub adobe thiab cov tsev tshiab, koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab seb koj lub tsev yav tom ntej yuav zoo li cas. Cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog tsim cov phab ntsa. Thaum lub hauv paus nto yog them nrog ob txheej ntawm vov tsev, thiab bituminous mastic faib nruab nrab ntawm lawv, koj muaj peev xwm pib nteg cov phab ntsa. Koj yuav tsum pib ntawm kaum ntawm lub façade.
Cov blocks yog mounted nyob rau hauv ib tug checkerboard qauv. Txoj kev sib khi yog kev sib xyaw ntawm av nplaum thiab xuab zeb. Hauv ib hnub, koj tuaj yeem tsim txog 3 kab. Yog tias koj nteg ntau dua, lub adobe yuav hloov mus rau hauv kev thauj khoom, thiab phab ntsa yuav tig tawm tsis sib xws. Thaum tso thawj zaug, koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab qhov chaw ntawm qhov qhib thiab tawm qhov chaw ntawm cov blocks. Nws tsis pom zoo kom nruab lub thawv tam sim ntawd, vim tias adobe yuav txo qis los ntawm 5% thaum nws qhuav. Txhua ob kab, cov phab ntsa yuav tsum tau kuaj kab rov tav thiab ntsug kom tsis txhob muaj kev cuam tshuam. Nyob rau theem qhov rais, cov txheej txheem yuav nyuaj dua.
Nyob jumpers
Tawm cov qhov qhib hauv qab qhov rais, cov masonry yuav tsum tau tsa, tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem pib ua lintels. Rau qhov no, 5 cm boards yog siv, uas yog khob rau hauv cov ntaub thaiv npog. Lawv qhov dav yog sib npaug ntawm qhov dav ntawm phab ntsa, qhov ntev yuav tsum yog 30 cm siab tshaj qhov dav ntawm lub qhov rais, cov ntaub thaiv npog yog kho nrog tshuaj tua kab mob, qhuav thiab qhwv nrog cov khoom siv vov tsev. Tom qab ntawd lawv tuaj yeem kho nrog staples.
Cov ntaub ntawv tiav tau muab tso rau ntawm qhov rais qhib kom lawvlawv ntes cov phab ntsa ntawm ob sab los ntawm 15 cm. Nyob rau hauv qhov qhib, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los nruab ib lub teeb thiab txhawb lub jumper. Cov masonry txuas ntxiv hla cov ntaub thaiv kom txog rau thaum koj mus txog saum lub qhov rooj. Ib daim thaiv ntoo yog ntsia saum toj no, ces nteg li 2 kab ntxiv ntawm phab ntsa.
Ceiling device
Tsim lub qab nthab ntawm lub tsev adobe cuam tshuam nrog cov plag tsev. Tom qab ua tiav lub installation ntawm ob kab kawg ntawm phab ntsa ntawm cov blocks, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau tawm qhov rau cov kab teeb. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas tsob ntoo adjoins lub adobe, cov ntsiab lus no yog ntsia nrog ib tug protrusion tshaj lub perimeter ntawm phab ntsa. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov kab teeb yuav tsum yog 1.5 m. Tom qab ntawd, koj yuav tsum tsim lwm kab ntawm cov blocks, ces koj tuaj yeem mus rau lub rooj sib txoos ntawm lub ru tsev.
Facade kho kom zoo nkauj nrog cib
Tiav lub tsev adobe yog ua tiav tom qab lub tsev qhuav. Qhov no yuav tshwm sim hauv 4 xyoos. Thaum lub sij hawm no, lub cib yuav tsis shrink. Ua ntej koj yuav tsum yuav cov khoom tsim nyog, xuab zeb, cement thiab rwb thaiv tsev. Ua ntej qhov no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tshuaj xyuas lub hauv paus, txij li nyob rau hauv feem ntau lub tsev nws yog nqaim heev los yog tsis tag nrho. Yog tias muaj lub hauv paus, nws yuav tsum muaj zog, vim tias lub cib ntsa yuav ntxiv rau qhov hnyav ntawm lub tsev.
Qhov dav ntawm lub hauv paus yuav tsum yog 30 cm. Nws tseem yuav tsim nyog los tsa lub plinth, ua formwork thiab sau sab hauv nrog mortar. Yog hais tias koj yuav overlay lub tsev adobe nrog cib, ces koj yuav tsum paub: lub indentation ntawm lub façade yuav tsum yog 60 cm. Yog hais tias cov kauj ruam no yog txo, ces cov phab ntsa yuav tsis zoo ventilated thiab pib.pret uas yuav txo lawv lub zog.
Cov phab ntsa txuas nrog ib leeg nrog 100-mm rau tes, thiab cov voids tau ntim nrog cov av nplaum nthuav dav. Kev tso tawm tuaj yeem nqa tawm hauv ib nrab ntawm lub cib. Lub masonry mortar yuav suav nrog muaj ib feem ntawm cov cement thiab 4 seem ntawm cov xuab zeb. Cov dej tuaj yeem txiav txim siab thaum sib tov, cov tshuaj yuav tsum tsis txhob tuab dhau los yog kua.
In xaus
Yog tias koj xav tsim lub tsev adobe nrog koj tus kheej tes, koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub tsev rau cov neeg nyob ruaj khov. Lub zog ntawm cov phab ntsa yuav txaus rau cov tsev uas muaj cov plag tsev me me. Ib qho kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau ib tus neeg lub tsev yog adobe yog tias lub tsev npaj yuav teeb tsa hauv nroog lossis sab nraud.
Yog tias koj muaj qee qhov tsis ntseeg txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tsev zoo li no, koj tuaj yeem ua tib zoo mloog cov tsev hauv tebchaws Askiv, ua los ntawm adobe. Lawv tau sawv los rau ntau pua xyoo thiab txuas ntxiv ua kom xis nyob. Hauv Yemen, koj tuaj yeem pom 10-zaj dab neeg tsev, nyob rau hauv cov phab ntsa uas muaj adobe ib nrab. Cov vaj tse no tau nyob tsis tu ncua los ntawm tib neeg tau 900 xyoo.
