Yuav ua li cas ci hauv tsev: xaiv cov khoom siv, thev naus laus zis, cov lus qhia

2024 Tus sau: Aaron Duncan | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 03:45

Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm peb yuav saib yuav ua li cas ci ib lub tsev kom raug. Rau qee qhov laj thawj, ntau tus neeg xav tias cib cladding yog ib txoj haujlwm nyuaj heev. Yog lawm, koj yuav xav tau kev paub thiab kev txawj ntse. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj yuav tau ua hauj lwm nyuaj thiab raug ntau dua nrog rau lwm yam khoom siv. Ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntawm lub cib, ib qho tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm qhov tseem ceeb - tus nqi. Tab sis brickwork thiab txawm tias kim tshaj plaws siding tsis tuaj yeem muab piv. Txaus nyiam tsos, cov nyhuv ntawm colourfulness thiab monumentality ntawm lub tsev yog tsim.

hom masonry nrov tshaj plaws

Koj tuaj yeem siv cov cuab yeej siv los ua vaj tse. Yog tias koj tsis paub yuav ua li cas cib lub tsev ua los ntawm cov ntoo, ces xyuas peb cov khoom. Qhov tseeb, txhua lub tsev, tsis hais cov khoom siv dab tsi los ntawm, tau ntsib tib yam. Nws raug pom zoo tias ua ntej pib ua haujlwm, ua tib zoo kawm tag nrho cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, ua haujlwm algorithms. Thiab yog tias koj tsis muaj kev paub dhau los, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los nrhiav tus neeg uas muajnws yog leej twg yuav kawm los ntawm.

Cov hom masonry nrov tshaj plaws yog raws li hauv qab no:

1. Spoon - yog hais txog kev lig kev cai. Nws xav tias tag nrho cov cib yuav muab tso nrog ib qho ntev (dav) ib feem. Cov kab hauv qab yog tias txhua kab tom ntej yog hloov los ntawm qhov kev xaiv yav dhau los. Raws li txoj cai, kev hloov pauv yog ua los ntawm ¼ lossis ½ ntawm lub cib loj. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias ib tug ¼ ntev offset yuav ncaj los yog oblique.
2. Tychkovaya kuj nrov. Hauv qhov no, cov cib yuav muab tso rau ntawm qhov kawg thiab hloov los ntawm ½ ntawm qhov ntev. Qhov chaw yuav txawv ntawm qhov kev xaiv dhau los.

Qee ntau hom masonry

Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum xyuam xim rau qhov tseeb tias lub tsev thav duab kab nrog cib yuav zoo nkauj heev. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub tsev yuav suav nrog tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm lub thav duab thiab lub cib. Thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj - lub tsev yuav sov heev. Cia peb rov qab mus rau bricklaying. Muaj ntau ntau ntau yam ntawm masonry, uas, qhov tseeb, yog ib tug symbiosis ntawm cov uas tau tham saum toj no:

1. Hla masonry - hom no muab faib ua ob pawg. Qhov tseeb, qhov no yog symbiosis, raws li kev sib raug zoo thiab diav masonry alternate. Qhov chaw uas nyob rau ntawm qhov kawg yog ntsia kom lawv sab hauv adjoins nruab nrab ntawm lub cib. Sab nraud yog ntawm qhov sib tshuam. Tab sis cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov kev sib txuas yog stacked nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev ntawm peb qhov chaw nyob ib sab, cov huab yog nyob rau tib qhov deb ntawmsib koom.
2. Chain masonry - ob qho tib si bonder thiab rab diav version tuaj yeem siv tib kab. Cov cuab yeej siv tau yooj yim, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog ua kom zoo nkauj hloov cov masonry hom.
3. Chaotic yog qhov kev xaiv masonry yooj yim tshaj plaws. Tsis muaj qhov sib lawv liag, yog li nws raug tso cai ua qhov no masonry txawm tias koj tsis muaj kev paub txog kev tsim kho. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog cov pob qij txha ntawm cov kab uas nyob ib sab yuav tsum tsis txhob sib phim.

Cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj tam sim no muaj ntau yam. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, yog tias koj technically dlhos lub offset thiab txiav txim seb ib theem zuj zus, kev npaj ntawm lub ntsiab, ces lub masonry yuav saib zoo nkauj heev. Tab sis nws yog tsim nyog los coj mus rau hauv tus account lub nuances, uas peb yuav tham tom qab. Piv txwv li, ib nrab-cib masonry reinforcement yuav tsum tau ua nrog mesh lossis anchors.

Kuv puas yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog lub hauv paus?

Yog koj yuav muab lub tsev uas tau tsim los ntev dhau los lossis ib lub tsev thav duab, koj yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo, txhim khu kev qha thiab ruaj khov. Tom qab tag nrho, lub ntsej muag txheej muaj qhov loj loj - nws tsis yog lub teeb yas lossis hlau. Yog tias tsis muaj lub hauv paus txhim khu kev qha rau lub ntsej muag masonry, ces cov av yuav deform thiab sag.

Yuav ua kom muaj zog, koj yuav tsum khawb ib lub trench nyob ib ncig ntawm lub tsev tag nrho, ua qhov cuab lub zog thiab ncuav mortar. Yog tias koj tsis tau pib tsim lub tsev, tab sis npaj yuav ci ci rau yav tom ntej, nws raug nquahu kom muab cov khoom thauj ntxiv rau hauv tus account thaum xam lub hauv paus.

Ib ob peb lo lus hais txog qhov txuas

Rau kev ntseeg siabNws yog ib qho tsim nyog los txuas cov cladding nrog cov phab ntsa loj. Rau lub hom phiaj no, masonry mesh ntawm 50x50 mm los yog lwm qhov me me ua los ntawm hlau, hlau los yog anchors feem ntau yog siv. Cov kab hauv qab yog tias rau txhua square meter yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 4 cov ntsiab lus txuas. Lub mesh yog ntsia rau ntawm phab ntsa load-bearing thiab tob rau hauv cov seams ntawm lub ntsej muag masonry. Thov nco ntsoov tias koj yuav tsum tob kom tsawg kawg 9 cm.

Yuav ua li cas qhib qhov rais?

Qhov qhib qhov rai yog cov txheej txheem uas xav tau kev lav phib xaub. Yuav kom ua tau lawv, koj yuav tau kos npe ua ntej, kos ib layout. Raws li txoj cai, rau cov laj thawj no, feem ntau txhua qhov chaw tau ntsib qhov tseeb thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov phab ntsa load-bearing. Muaj tseeb tiag, qee zaum lawv ua cov cladding ntawm lub tsev uas tau ua ntev dhau los. Tab sis yuav ua li cas ci ib lub tsev ua los ntawm aerated qhob yog tias nws tau ua tsis ntev los no?

Ib yam li lwm yam, tsuas yog siv sijhawm tsawg dua kev npaj. Tom ntej no, peb yuav saib kev tsim cov qhov rais qhib ib kauj ruam.

Ib kauj ruam-rau-kauj ruam qhia los tsim kev qhib

Feem ntau, tso qhov qhib yog ua raws li cov cuab yeej hauv qab no:

1. Ua ntej, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov phab ntsa yog ua raws li txoj kev uas yuav tsum tau xaiv ua ntej.
2. Koj yuav tsum tsim qhov qhib tom qab qhov siab zoo ntawm cov phab ntsa uas nyob ze. Qhov tseem ceeb yog kom paub tseeb tias cov qauv ntawm txhua qhov qhib yog tib yam.
3. Tau qhov qhib yuav tsum ua tiav txoj hauv kev kawg. Ua li no, koj yuav tsum tau txiav cov cib kom ntev. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nqa tawm qhov tso ntawm sab qis ntawm lub qhov rais qhib. Tom qab ntawd mus rau qhov ntsug racks.
4. Nco ntsoov coj mus rau hauv tus account tias sab sauv yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog. Ua li no, siv lub kaum hlau. Nws yuav tsum tau kho nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv corrosion ua ntej.
5. Teeb lub ces kaum saum lub qhov rais. Ib qho ntawm cov ces kaum ntawm lub cib yuav tsum tau txiav. Ua ntej, nteg tag nrho cov ntsiab lus tsis muaj mortar thiaj li ntsuas qhov tsos thiab qhov tseeb ntawm cov masonry. Tsuas yog tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem pib tso cov tshuaj. Nws raug tso cai tias cov cib protrude dhau ntawm phab ntsa loj lossis nyob rau ntawm qhov sib npaug nrog nws. Yuav kom cov masonry tsis deform, koj yuav tsum tau txhawb lub ces kaum nrog ib tug ntoo rail.
6. Yog tias tsim nyog yuav tsum ua kom tiav lub hauv paus ntawm lub qhov rais qhib yam tsis tau tshem tawm, ces koj tuaj yeem tso nws ze rau ntawm tus ncej. Cov ntsiab lus raug txiav rau qhov loj me.

Yog tias koj muaj kev paub me ntsis, ces qhov kev tsim ntawm masonry yuav tsum tau siv zog ntau dhau thiab sijhawm. Koj lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog mount tag nrho cov ntsiab lus kom meej raws li qib. Koj tuaj yeem ua tib yam rau qhov rooj. Nws yog tsim nyog hais tias nws yog tsim nyog los tiv thaiv silicate cib. Tus nqi ntawm ib daim pib los ntawm 11 rubles. Qhov no yog lub cib pheej yig tshaj plaws uas tuaj yeem pom ntawm lub khw. Thiab rau kev ua tiav koj yuav xav tau ntau npaum li cas ntawm nws. Txhua yam nyob ntawm qhov ntev ntawm lub tsev.

Hais txog kev ua tiav qhov sib txawv

Nrog kev pab cuam ntawm lub ntsej muag cib, txhua qhov chaw tuaj yeem ua tiav. Tab sis txhua txoj hauv kev yog nruj me ntsis rau tus kheej. Wb saib mus rau hauv lub nuances ntawm kev tsim kho thiab kho kom zoo nkauj:

1. Nyob hauv cov phab ntsa cib. Xws li lub hauv paus yog qhov zoo vim nws yog qhov txaus siab ua haujlwm nrog nws. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom tiav thiab cov khoom siv hauv paus yog qhov zoo sib xws. Kev ua kom sov yog tso cai, tab sis hauv kev xyaum nws tsis yog ib txwm siv. Nws tag nrho yog nyob ntawm thaj av uas qhov kev tsim kho yuav tshwm sim. Yog tias koj siv ua npuas ncauj ua lub rhaub, ces tsis tas yuav muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov cua.
2. Aerated pob zeb lossis cinder thaiv phab ntsa. Cov khoom no muaj vapor permeability zoo, yog li nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ua qhov cua. Txwv tsis pub, cov dej lwg yuav tshwm sim, pwm yuav tshwm sim thiab cov phab ntsa yuav pib deform.
3. Ntoo puag. Xav txog seb nws puas tsim nyog rau ci ib lub tsev ntoo? Nws raug nquahu kom ua qhov no tsuas yog lub tsev qub. Nws tsis yog tsim nyog los ua thermal rwb thaiv tsev, tab sis xav tau qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov cua.

Thov nco ntsoov tias kev kho kom zoo ntawm phab ntsa yog qhov tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account tag nrho cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.

Kuv xav tau cov cuab yeej thiab cov khoom siv dab tsi?

Yuav ua kom cov masonry tsis tsuas yog txhim khu kev qha, tab sis kuj zoo nkauj, koj yuav tsum tau npaj cov cuab yeej thiab cov khoom siv tsawg kawg nkaus. Koj yuav xav tau kev ua haujlwm:

1. Hydraulic theem. Nrog nws, koj yuav muaj peev xwm teem tag nrho cov ntsiab lus zoo sib xws. Cov cuab yeej no yuav yog tus pabcuam tseem ceeb yog tias koj muaj kev paub me ntsis.
2. Txoj hlua xav tau txhawm rau txhawm rau kab.
3. Khawv koob thiab trowel - tso cai rau koj siv lub mortar thiab tshem tawm nws tshaj.
4. Kyanka - qhov cuab yeej no tso cai rau koj los kho txoj haujlwm ntawm cov cib.
5. Bulgarian ntxhais thiab pickaxetso cai rau koj faib thiab txiav cov cib.
6. Rods ntawm ntau ntu thiab ntev txog 600 hli tso cai rau cov seams du.
7. Tus pas nrig sib koom yuav pab ua kom pom cov pob qij txha.

Cais, koj yuav tau yuav cov khoom sib tov, mesh lossis xaim, rwb thaiv tsev, thauj tog rau nkoj bolts.

Npaj ua haujlwm

Ua raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tso cov cib rau cladding, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav tag nrho cov txheej txheem rau hauv theem. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, koj yuav tuaj yeem ua tiav txhua txoj haujlwm kom raug, ua tau zoo, thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, koj yuav tsis tau caw cov kws tshaj lij sab nraud.

Ua ntej koj yuav tsum ua cov haujlwm npaj. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, ua raws li cov txheej txheem hauv qab no:

1. Saib seb lub hauv paus ruaj ntseg li cas. Txhawb zog yog tias tsim nyog.
2. Ntsuas qhov dav dav ntawm phab ntsa load-bearing. Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them rau theem no thaum ua tiav cov tsev qub. Tag nrho cov vaj huam sib luag zoo nkauj yuav tsum raug tshem tawm ntawm phab ntsa.
3. Tag nrho cov kab nrib pleb thiab tawg yuav tsum tau npog nrog putty.
4. Kho tag nrho saum npoo ntawm lub hauv paus nrog tshuaj tua kab mob. Tag nrho cov khoom ua los ntawm cov hlau yuav tsum tau coated nrog anti-corrosion agents.
5. Qhia qhov chaw. Tsis pub muaj av nyob hauv tsev.
6. Xaiv cov khoom tsim nyog tshaj plaws rau phab ntsa cladding. Thov nco ntsoov tias txhua yam ntaub ntawv muaj lawv qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo.
7. Npog lub hauv paus nrog ib txheej ntawm waterproofing.
8. Yog tias tsim nyog, nteg cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev. Txhim kho cov ntawv ua haujlwmsiv anchors.

Nco ntsoov ua kom tsis muaj dej hauv lub hauv paus ua ntej pib masonry. Txoj kev yooj yim tshaj plaws yog nteg tsawg kawg ob txheej ntawm cov khoom siv vov tsev. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev npaj theem yog kom tshem tawm tag nrho cov teeb meem uas tshwm sim, vim tias lawv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tsis zoo.

Npaj cov tshuaj

Rau kev ua haujlwm koj yuav tsum siv cov tshuaj zoo. Raws li txoj cai, qhov sib tov yog tsim los ntawm M500 cement thiab ua tib zoo sifted xuab zeb. Qhov kev faib ua feem yog 1 mus rau 4. Ua ntej, koj yuav tsum sib tov cov khoom no kom qhuav, ces maj mam ntxiv cov kua. Tsis txhob siv cov dej uas muaj cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm cov ntxhia tsis huv. Txwv tsis pub, ntsev formations yuav tshwm sim. Koj yuav tsum tau npaj ib homogeneous thiab tuab tov.

Ua rau koj tus kheej tsis yog qhov nyuaj, tab sis yog tias koj xav tau cov txiaj ntsig zoo, tsis txhob cia nyiaj thiab yuav cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom tsis txhob ua kom muaj ntau qhov kev daws teeb meem thaum ua haujlwm. Txwv tsis pub, yog tias koj tsis muaj sijhawm los ua haujlwm sai, cov pob yuav tshwm sim.

Yuav ua li cas nteg cib

Nws tag nrho yog nyob ntawm seb cov thawj kab tau zoo npaum li cas. Ua ntej koj yuav tsum tau nteg nws yam tsis siv mortar - txoj kev no koj tuaj yeem kho txhua qhov chaw thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, txiav lawv, coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov dav ntawm seams. Tom qab ntawd, ib qho mesh thiab cov cement sib tov yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm cov txheej txheem dej. Muab tag nrho cov ntsiab lus nrog qib.

Lub sijhawm no, koj yuav tsum muab qhov sib txawv rau qhov cua. Tsim ib qho kev sib twsib txawv, koj yuav tsum tau siv ib lub phaj ntawm ib tug muab thickness. Thaum tso, koj tsuas txav nws kom qhov sib txawv yog tib yam nyob txhua qhov chaw.

Thaum koj ua tiav thawj kab, koj tuaj yeem pib mounting cov ces kaum. Lawv yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv 3-4 cib. Thaum koj siv cov tshuaj, koj yuav tsum nteg ib tug hlau pas nrig rau pem hauv ntej sab, nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm cov cement sib tov yog smeared tshaj theem. Tom qab qhov kawg fixation ntawm lub ntsiab, tus pas nrig yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm.

Yuav ua li cas clad lub ntsiab ntawm phab ntsa

Thaum koj ua cov ces kaum, koj tuaj yeem rub txoj hlua ntawm kab. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, koj yuav tau nteg tawm phab ntsa yam tsis muaj teeb meem. Thiab tam sim no hais txog yuav ua li cas overlay lub tsev nrog cib. Cov txheej txheem tso kab yog raws li hauv qab no:

1. Siv mortar rau hauv kab hauv qab, xav txog qhov tuab ntawm tus pas nrig yav dhau los.
2. Txheej qhov kawg ntawm lub cib nrog cov sib tov, muab tso rau hauv nws qhov chaw thiab maj mam kais rau nws. Yog li, koj yuav tsum sau tag nrho kab mus rau qhov kawg.

Nws raug nquahu kom tawm hauv qhov chaw me me yam tsis muaj mortar hauv qab thiab saum toj no hauv cov masonry - qhov no yuav ua kom qhov cua ntawm phab ntsa.

Rau sab nraum zoov masonry nrog rwb thaiv tsev thiab qhov cua, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau nruab inlets:

1. Txhob txoj hlua thiab rov ua cov txheej txheem.
2. Koj khi ntau kab (3-5). Ua li no, koj yuav tsum tau tsav lub thauj tog rau nkoj mus rau hauv lub hauv paus los yog ntsia hlau ib tug masonry mesh ntawm 50x50 mm los yog lwm qhov loj rau nws. Nws yuav tsum tau khoov thiab muab tso rau ntawm qhov sib txuas ntawm cov kab uas nyob ib sab. Sai li qhov siab yog nyob rau theem ntawm qhov qhib, nws yuav tsum tau bypassed, coj mus rau hauv tus accounttxuas ntxiv.
3. Yog tias koj npaj yuav ua qhov sib koom ua ke, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los pib nws tom qab qhov sib tov tau teem tseg.

Koj yuav tsum nkag siab yuav ua li cas ci ib lub tsev. Qhov no tsis yog ib txoj haujlwm yooj yim, tab sis yog tias koj muaj siab ntev, koj tuaj yeem tswj hwm nws txawm tias tsis muaj kev paub zoo. Tab sis kev paub tseem tsis cuam tshuam rau qhov teeb meem no. Raws li koj nkag siab, sab nrauv brickwork tuaj yeem ua tiav ntawm txhua qhov chaw, txawm tias nyob ntawm cinder thaiv tsev. Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov tsev no yog qhov pheej yig thiab sov so, tab sis tsis muaj qhov ntxim nyiam heev.

Ib co lus pom zoo

Thiab kuv xav muab qee cov lus qhia uas yuav pab kho kom zoo nkauj:

1. Cib yuav tsum tau nqa tawm hauv huab cua zoo - cov av noo yuav tsum qis, qhov kub yuav tsum zoo.
2. Cib raug pom zoo kom moistened ua ntej nteg.
3. Koj tsis tuaj yeem nteg ntau dua 6 kab ib zaug. Ua ntej koj yuav tsum tau tos kom txog thaum qhov kev daws teeb meem tiav.
4. Nws raug pom zoo kom siv cov cib ntawm cov xim sib txawv los ua kom pom qhov rais thiab qhov rooj qhib.

Raws li koj pom, koj tuaj yeem ua txhua yam haujlwm ntawm koj tus kheej, tab sis koj yuav tau siv zog ntau thiab, tau kawg, nyiaj txiag. Yog tias peb xav txog qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cinder thaiv tsev, peb tuaj yeem pom tias lawv muaj ib qho tsis zoo - qhov tsos. Tab sis koj tuaj yeem tshem tau nws yog tias koj ua tiav nrog lub cib.