pob zeb yog cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb siv tsis yog hauv kev tsim kho kev lag luam rau kev tsim vaj tsev, tab sis tsuas yog rau kev tsim khoom ntawm ntau yam khoom. Dab tsi? Piv txwv li, balusters, paving slabs, vases, countertops thiab lwm yam. Tam sim no, cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub tso cai rau kev tsim cov pob zeb, uas tuaj yeem yooj yim sib tw nrog cov ntaub ntawv ntuj xws li marble lossis granite. Yog lawm, pob zeb tsis yog qhov zoo nkauj, tab sis nws tsis muaj hluav taws xob tom qab, uas yog qhov zoo kawg nkaus!
Yuav los tsis yog?
Yog, tam sim no nws yooj yim thiab yooj yim mus rau tom khw kho vajtse thiab yuav cov khoom siv no, tab sis yog tias koj txiav txim siab tso lub tswv yim no, ua li cas? Koj feem ntau yuav txaus siab rau lo lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas ua kom koj tus kheej. Koj yuav tsum nkag siab tam sim ntawd thaum tsim cov khoom siv, koj yuav tsum ua raws li qee cov cai thiab cov qauv, txwv tsis pub qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom yuav tsis haum koj txhua. Txaus siab rau yuav ua li cas ua kom koj tus kheej? Qhov no tsis yooj yim, tab sis ua ntej koj yuav tsum nkag siab lub ntsiab lus thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom no.
yog dab tsi?
Qhov no yog cov cement sib xyaw uas muaj cov fillers thiab cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb yog dej, xuab zeb, cement thiab muab tub lim(pob zeb, gravel, pebbles, thiab lwm yam). Plasticizers tuaj yeem siv los ua ib qho ntxiv, ntxiv ntau yam zoo rau cov khoom tiav.
khoom nta
Tsis yog txhua tus tuaj yeem ua cov pob zeb kom raug, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias koj tsis tau paub yav dhau los koj tus kheej nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv no. Lub ntsiab yam ntxwv ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv yog compressive zog. Qhov ntsuas no ntsuas hauv megapascals. Cov khoom raug faib los ntawm cov npe nyob ntawm qhov muaj nuj nqis ntawm lub zog. Raws li GOST, cov chav kawm raug xaiv los ntawm txoj kev no - B7, 5-B80. Lawv qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb nyob ntawm seb hom cement siv, xuab zeb, feem, hom crushed pob zeb. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov npe hauv chav kawm qhia qhov siab uas cov khoom muaj peev xwm tiv taus ntau zaus. Tau txais cov khoom siv ruaj khov tsis yooj yim, yog li koj yuav tsum paub ua ntej yuav ua li cas ua pob zeb nrog cov khoom koj xav tau thiab cov proportions koj xav tau kom tau raws li.
qhov kev xaiv yooj yim tshaj
Muaj ntau ntau txoj hauv kev los npaj cov khoom no. Koj tuaj yeem ua pob zeb hauv tsev los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov xuab zeb ntxhib thiab cov cement mortar. Xws li cov khoom yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau kev tso lub hauv paus substrate, nws tseem tiv thaiv lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev los ntawm kev tawg thiab noo noo ntau dhau. Yog tias koj xav tau ntau hom, ces koj yuav tsum ntxiv cov pob zeb crushed nrog cov feem sib txawv, piv txwv li, 2-3 millimeters thiab 30-35 millimeters. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom ncaj qha nyob ntawm qhov purity ntawm cov khoom qub.
Yuav ua li cas yog cov khoom siv thiab cov cuab yeej xav tau hauv kev ua haujlwm?
Kev nkag siab yuav ua li cas ua pob zeb nrog koj tus kheej tes,koj yuav tsum tau txhawj xeeb ua ntej txog cov cuab yeej thiab cov khoom siv raw hauv paus. Koj yuav tsis tuaj yeem tsim qhov sib tov zoo yam tsis muaj pob zeb, cement thiab xuab zeb. Txhawm rau ua haujlwm yooj yim, koj tseem yuav tau npaj:
- Shovel.
- tsev theem.
- pob zeb tov khoom.
- Container.
- thoob hlau rau txhua qhov khoom.
Ntau txog kev xaiv cov cement
Yuav ua li cas ua pob zeb, koj roughly to taub, tam sim no peb yuav delve rau hauv lub ntsiab lus. Thawj qhov yuav tsum tau muaj yog cov cement. Nws yog nws uas khi tag nrho cov khoom rau hauv ib qho tag nrho. Feem ntau hauv kev xyaum, cement qib 500 yog siv, qee zaum qib 400, txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj siv hom thib ob, ces lub zog ntawm cov khoom yuav raug txo.
Ib lus qhia me ntsis: yuav cov cement tam sim ua ntej nws siv, vim tias cov khoom pib poob nws cov txiaj ntsig zoo thaum khaws cia ntev. Cov khoom poob npaum li cas?
Tus piv yog ib yam li no:
- Cia tshaj ib hlis - rho tawm kaum feem pua lub zog.
- Cia ntau tshaj ob lub hlis - rho nees nkaum feem pua ntawm lub zog.
- Cia rau ntau tshaj rau lub hlis - rho tawm txog tsib caug feem pua ntawm lub zog.
- Cia ntau tshaj ib xyoos - cov khoom siv tsis siv.
Cement yuav tsum qhuav, tsis muaj dej ntws. Tsis txhob txuag nyiaj los ntawm kev yuav khoom ntub dej, txo qis, lossis txawm tias cov khoom tsis muaj npe - nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau koj txoj kev nyab xeeb yav tom ntej.
Xaiv xuab zeb
Cov khoom tsim nyog tom ntej yog xuab zeb. Txhawm rau npaj cov pob zeb zoo, koj yuav tsum tau nqa cov xuab zeb nrog ib feem ntawm 1.5 mus rau 5 millimeters, tsis muaj impurities thiab nrog ib qho loj me me thiab kev khiav tsis ntau tshaj ob millimeters. Cov impurities yuav cuam tshuam rau lub zog ntawm cov khoom siv yav tom ntej, yog li ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov purity ntawm cov xuab zeb. Raws li GOST, cov xuab zeb yuav tsum tau ua raws li thawj chav kawm. Qhov no txhais li cas? Qhov tseeb hais tias muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov khoom ntawm impurities thiab hais tsis ntau tshaj ib feem pua, thiab pom tus nqi yog 5-7 m / hnub. Thawj chav kawm suav nrog dej thiab hiav txwv xuab zeb. Nyob rau hauv nws muaj pes tsawg leeg, tsis zoo li cov hauj lwm, nws muaj ib feem me me thiab ntshiab. Puas tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas qhov zoo ntawm cov xuab zeb? Yog, nws yog ib qho yooj yim thiab txawm tias ua tau nyob hauv tsev. Nqa ib txhais tes ntawm xuab zeb thiab ncuav rau hauv ib lub hub dej, co nws thiab tos ib hnub. Yog tias cov khoom lag luam zoo, ces cov dej saum toj no cov xuab zeb yuav pom meej lossis me ntsis cloudy. Yog tias muaj, xav siv cov khoom siv los ua mortar.
Yuav ua li cas rubble?
Nws kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov pob zeb thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob hloov los ntawm pebbles. Vim li cas? Pebbles muaj ib tug nplua nto uas yuav tsis zoo khi cov pob zeb tov. Ntawm no lub pob zeb crushed yog txawv los ntawm roughness thiab notches, thiab qhov no pab rau adhesion zoo. Nws yog tsim nyog muab tso rau hauv kev xyaum ib yam khoom nrog ib tug particle loj ntawm 5 mus rau 35 millimeters. Cov hom loj dua tsis tshua muaj siv hauv kev tsim khoom. Cov khoom siv yuav tsum muaj ib feem me me ntawm cov plua plav lossis av nplaum.
Kuv yuav tsum haus dej dab tsi?
Dej yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm pob zeb. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum siv cov dej huv xwb, tsis muaj tshuaj dawb, av thiab roj. Tus nqi ntawm cov kua yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj nees nkaum feem pua ntawm cov cement. Qhov ntsuas no suav tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev khi. Yog tias koj nchuav dej ntau, cov kab noj hniav yuav tsim hauv cov pob zeb, uas txhais tau tias nws lub zog yuav poob.
Ib nqe lus qhia: yog dej haus, ces nws tuaj yeem siv ua pob zeb.
Npaj los tsis yog?
Nws raug tso cai ntxiv ntau yam plasticizers, txhawb kev sib xyaw ua ke, txiv qaub rau qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Txiv qaub, piv txwv li, yog ntxiv los txhim kho cov theem ntawm qhov chaw, tab sis kuj tseem muaj qhov tsis zoo - txiv qaub tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev sib txuas ntawm cov cement thiab aggregate, uas txhais tau hais tias lub zog ntawm cov khoom yuav tsis muaj zog. Plasticizers yog ntxiv rau cov muaj pes tsawg leeg los muab cov tshuaj fluidity los yog, conversely, viscosity. Thaum ntxiv cov yas yas, nco ntsoov tias, nyob ntawm seb hom tshuaj ntxiv, yuav tsum muaj dej ntau lossis tsawg dua.
Flowable pob zeb yog siv los tsim cov hauv paus ntawm cov duab nyuaj, nws sai thiab ntseeg tau sau tag nrho cov qhov thiab qhov chaw so. Txhawm rau muab cov kev daws teeb meem rau lwm yam khoom, ntau yam khoom siv tau siv.
Yog tias koj tab tom npaj pob zeb rau nyias screed, ces koj yuav tsum tau ntxiv cov khoom siv ntxiv rau cov muaj pes tsawg leeg: polypropylene lossis polyvinyl chloride fiber. Xws li cov khoom yuav tsis pub cov pob zeb sib kis.
Yuav ua li cas yog qhov piv ntawm cov khoom siv rau kev ua vaj tse hauv tsev?
Tauua kom cov pob zeb kom raug, cov proportions ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account yam tsis muaj kev poob. Cia peb ua ntej xav txog qhov piv ntawm cov cement qib 400 ua piv txwv (saib lub rooj).
| Qib ntawm cov khoom tsim tawm | Composition, kg (C:Sch:P) |
| 100 | 1:7:4, 6 |
| 150 | 1:5, 7:3, 5 |
| 200 | 1:4, 8:2, 8 |
| 250 | 1:3, 9:2, 1 |
| 300 | 1:3, 7:1, 9 |
| 400 | 1:2, 7:1, 2 |
| 450 | 1:2, 5:1, 1 |
Yog peb kawm qib 500, lub rooj yuav zoo li no.
| Qib ntawm cov khoom tsim tawm | Composition, kg (C:Sch:P) |
| 100 | 1:8, 1:5, 8 |
| 150 | 1:6, 6:4, 5 |
| 200 | 1:5, 6:3, 5 |
| 250 | 1:4, 5:2, 6 |
| 300 | 1:4, 3:2, 4 |
| 400 | 1:3, 2:1, 6 |
| 450 | 1:2, 9:1, 4 |
Tam sim no koj paub yuav ua li cas ua pob zeb nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes thiab zam qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo. ATCov ntxhuav tau muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws uas lav zoo ntom ntom thiab cov txiaj ntsig zoo.
Cov khoom sib xyaw li cas?
Tsuas muaj ib txoj hauv kev ua pob zeb hauv tsev:
- Dej yog nchuav rau hauv lub cuab yeej, tom qab ntawd cov cement ntxiv, thiab tom qab ntawd crushed pob zeb thiab xuab zeb ntxiv rau cov txiaj ntsig daws. Lub pob zeb sib tov yuav tsum nyob ze rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub pob zeb, kom cov pob zeb tsis muaj sijhawm los txeeb lossis delaminate ua ntej nws yuav nchuav.
- Qhov kev xaiv thib ob suav nrog kev ntxiv tag nrho cov khoom ib zaug hauv qhov sib npaug, ntxiv rau dej. Txhua qhov sib tov yog tov thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd dej yog nchuav, nws cov nyiaj tau tswj nyob ntawm qhov dej ntawm cov khoom koj xav tau.
Txoj kev thib ob yog suav tias yog txoj kev ua noj ua haus zoo tshaj plaws, vim tias muaj koj tau lees paub kom tau txais cov khoom sib xyaw. Txhua txoj kev xaiv yuav tsum muaj lub pob zeb sib tov.
Kuv tuaj yeem ua mortar los ntawm tes?
Kneading pob zeb nrog duav thiab tes tsis pom zoo. Cov txheej txheem no nyuaj heev, koj yuav nkees thiab so, thiab lawv tsis xav tau thaum kneading. Vim li cas? Tag nrho cov no ua rau poob rau hauv cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub zog ntawm cov khoom nws tus kheej. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog qhov tsis muaj tseeb rau manually mix qhob rau cov qauv ntsuas.
pob zeb sib xyaw ua ke li cas?
Ib chav tsev nrog lub cev muaj zog ntawm 0.5 txog 1 kW thiab lub tank ntim ntawm 200 liters yog tsim rau koj. Qhov no txaus rau txoj haujlwm. Standard kneading yog ua li no:
- Cov dej xav tau yog nchuav rau hauv lub tov khoom, tawm li 15% ntawm cov kua hauv cia.
- Pib muab cov cement rau hauv thiab tsis txhob ntxiv 15% ntxiv.
- Ntxiv cov xuab zeb, qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg yuav tsum sib xyaw rau ob peb feeb kom cov khoom sib npaug sib npaug.
- Tam sim no ntxiv cov khoom ntxiv uas koj xav tau kom tau txais cov khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm cov pob zeb.
- Phau pob zeb los yog lwm yam sib sau ua ke hauv.
- Tam sim no ntxiv cov dej thiab cov cement.
Qhov tseeb, cov txheej txheem yooj yim thiab siv sijhawm li kaum feeb. Tsis txhob sib tov cov khoom kom ntev ntev, txwv tsis pub cov cement yuav pib teeb. Yuav ua li cas ua pob zeb nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes, koj pom nws tawm, tam sim no nws tsim nyog hais txog lub ncuav ntawm cov khoom sib cais.
Pho cov pob zeb loj
txheej txheem no kuj ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Piv txwv li, koj xav ua cov plag tsev, cov pob zeb twb tov lawm, tab sis nws yuav tsum tau nchuav kom raug, txwv tsis pub koj yuav tsis tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo.
Yuav ua txhua yam kom raug, koj yuav tsum tau faib, sib tov sib xyaw thiab xyuas kom meej tias tsis muaj npuas hauv cov tshuaj. Kev vibration ua haujlwm zoo nrog cov haujlwm no, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb hauv kev ua haujlwm. Lawv tso cai rau koj mus rau theem saum npoo, compact lub pob zeb, uas txhais tau hais tias koj hauv pem teb yuav zoo meej! Tsis muaj cuab yeej tshwj xeeb? Nws tsis muaj teeb meem, koj tuaj yeem sim ua txhua yam manually. Rau kev vibration, koj tuaj yeem siv lub sledgehammer, uas yuav siv tau rau lub formwork,tuav. Thaum lub sij hawm ua cov txheej txheem, nws yuav tsum tau tso pa tawm ntawm qhov sib tov yam tsis tau poob. Qhov no yog ua tiav siv lub taw qhia rebar, uas tho qhov kev daws rau qhov tob tob.
Txhua yam yog ua tiav yooj yim: ncuav ib txheej ntawm pob zeb, theem, tho, thiab tsuas yog ncuav txheej tom ntej. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tau txais ib tug nruj nreem compacted, txawm pob zeb txheej. Cov txheej saum toj kawg nkaus yuav tsum tau leveled, qhov no yog ua tiav nyob rau hauv ob peb hla dhau ob peb teev. Yuav kom cov pob zeb ua kom tag nrho harden, qhuav, koj yuav tsum tau npog nws nrog ib zaj duab xis. Qhov no yuav tiv thaiv cov khoom los ntawm kev cuam tshuam sab nraud, ziab yuav zoo ib yam.
Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav siv sijhawm li 36 teev thiaj li tuaj yeem taug kev ntawm nws. Tag nrho ziab tshwm sim dhau ob peb lub lis piam, txhua yam ncaj qha nyob ntawm lub thickness ntawm txheej. Thaum lub pob zeb qhuav tag, koj tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntxiv rau nws. Cov yam ntxwv muaj zog tshaj plaws tau ua tiav tom qab 1-1.5 xyoo.
Tam sim no koj paub yuav ua li cas ua pob zeb hauv lub tebchaws, hauv tsev, ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho thiab lwm yam. Ua raws li cov lus pom zoo, nruj me ntsis suav cov proportions ntawm cov khoom. Thiab tom qab ntawd koj yuav ua tiav, txawm tias tsis muaj kev paub dhau los!
