Nyob ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho ntawm txhua theem, los ntawm skyscraper mus rau ib lub teb chaws tsev, ib tug ua tsis tau yam tsis muaj pob zeb. Cov khoom no yog siv rau pouring foundations, erecting phab ntsa nyob rau hauv monolithic kev tsim kho, nteg ceilings thiab screeds, nteg cib thiab lwm yam dag pob zeb. Kev npaj ua vaj tse nyob rau hauv qhov kev faib ua feem tsis tsuas yog ua kom cov kav ntev thiab lub zog ntawm cov qauv, tab sis kuj zam cov khoom siv tsis tsim nyog.
khoom vaj huam sib luag
Hauv qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws, pob zeb muaj peb yam:
- Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg.
- dej.
Kev siv cov khoom siv rau 1 m3 ntawm pob zeb yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no. Raws li ib tug binder nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov sib tov, cement qib M100-M600 yog siv rau lub zog. Thaum tov nrog dej, ib qho viscous loj yog tsim, thaum solidification ntawm uaspob zeb diamond cuav. Raws li ib tug muab tub lim, xuab zeb los yog ntau hom crushed pob zeb yog siv. Qhov no ua rau kom lub zog ntawm cov mortar hardened, vim lub zog ntawm crushed pob zeb yog siab tshaj lub zog ntawm cov cement. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev siv cov aggregate txo qhov shrinkage ntawm cov cement mix.
Ntxiv rau cov khoom tseem ceeb, cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke suav nrog ntau yam khoom ntxiv uas muab cov khoom pov tseg ntxiv: Frost tsis kam, dej tsis kam, xim, thiab lwm yam.
Qhov xav tau ntawm cov khoom siv rau 1m3 ntawm pob zeb - crushed pob zeb, cement, xuab zeb - txiav txim siab raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev sib tov.
yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm pob zeb
Tus yam ntxwv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm pob zeb yog nws lub zog compressive. Nyob ntawm nws, chav kawm muaj zog tau teeb tsa. Nws yog cim los ntawm tsab ntawv Askiv "B" thiab cov lej sib raug rau lub zog ntawm cov qauv hauv MPa. Cov pob zeb ntawm cov chav kawm los ntawm B3, 5 txog B80 yog tsim, hauv kev daws teeb meem engineering B15 - B30 feem ntau siv tau. Ntxiv nrog rau cov chav kawm, ib hom khoom siv tau los qhia txog lub zog. Nws raug xaiv los ntawm tsab ntawv Latin "M" thiab tus lej sib raug rau lub zog hauv kg / cm2. Cov chav kawm thiab cov npe sib raug zoo nrog ib leeg, piv txwv li, M200 kev daws teeb meem sib raug rau chav B15, thiab M300 rau chav B22, 5.
Kev siv cov khoom siv rau 1 m3 ntawm pob zeb tuaj yeem sib txawv heev nyob ntawm seb yuav tsum muaj cov chav kawm lossis hom tshuaj khib nyiab.
Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov chav kawm tiag tiag ntawm cov pob zeb tsuas yog txiav txim siab hauv chav kuaj rau hnub 28th. Yog li ntawd, yog tias koj xav paub meej lub npe ntawm cov khoom sib tov, tom qab ntawd nyob rau theem ntawm nws qhov kev npaj, ntau cov qauv yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg -cubes los yog cylinders siab 100 mm. Nws tseem tuaj yeem txiav txim siab lub zog ntawm pob zeb siv cov cuab yeej siv los yog Kashkarov rauj, tab sis cov txheej txheem no tsis raug.
Xaiv cov chav kawm uas xav tau
Qib yuav tsum tau ua ntawm pob zeb yuav tsum tau teev nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tsim rau qhov chaw tsim kho. Yog tias kev tsim kho tau ua tiav ntawm nws tus kheej, koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab ntawm hom kev sib xyaw, vim qhov no yuav cuam tshuam rau lub zog thiab tus nqi ntawm lub tsev lossis cov qauv tsim.
Lub hom phiaj ntawm cov pob zeb ntawm cov qib uas muaj ntau tshaj yog muab hauv qab no.
- M100 - siv rau footing, installation ntawm parebriki, me me architectural forms;
- M150 - siv thaum npaj txoj hauv kev, kev sib khi laj kab txhawb nqa;
- M200 - rau lub tsev phab ntsa, porches;
- M250 - tsim cov hauv paus monolithic, grillages, foundation slabs, maj mam loaded pem teb slabs, ntaiv, tuav phab ntsa;
- M300 - rau txhua qhov kev thauj khoom: phab ntsa, qab nthab, hauv paus;
- M350 - phab ntsa cov kabmob, kab ke, qab nthab, kab teeb, monolithic foundations.
Sand parameters
Rau kev npaj cov tshuaj, cov xuab zeb ntawm ntau lub hauv paus chiv keeb yog siv: chaw txua txiag zeb lossis dej. Qhov thib ob yog qhov zoo dua, vim nws muaj qhov loj me me thiab tsis muaj impurities. Quarry xuab zeb tuaj yeem sib txawv hauv nws cov granulometric muaj pes tsawg leeg. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv xuab zeb nrog nruab nrabthiab loj granules. Txij li cov av xuab zeb tuaj yeem muaj av nplaum lossis lwm yam impurities, nws raug nquahu kom sift nws.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau xyuam xim rau cov dej noo ntawm cov xuab zeb. Nyob ntawm qhov no, tus nqi ntawm cov dej ntxiv rau qhov sib tov yuav tsum tau kho. Muab rau hauv tus account cov av noo thiab granulometric muaj pes tsawg leeg, qhov ceev ntawm tej xuab zeb yuav txawv ntawm 1.3 mus rau 1.9 t / m3, qhov no yuav tsum tau muab coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum xam cov kev siv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ib 1 m3 ntawm pob zeb.
Kev xaiv pob zeb
Crushed pob zeb nyob rau hauv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov pob zeb sib xyaw ua kom lub zog ntawm pob zeb thiab txo nws cov shrinkage thaum kho. Thaum xaiv cov pob zeb crushed, nws feem thiab keeb kwm yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws.
Crushed pob zeb feem yog siv hauv kev tsim kho:
- 5 txog 20mm;
- 20 txog 40mm;
- 40 txog 70 mm.
Nyob ntawm cov khoom siv raw, cov pob zeb crushed tau muab faib ua:
- Limestone, raws li pob zeb sedimentary.
- Gravel los ntawm cov pob zeb sib npaug.
- Granite, tau los ntawm crushing granite thiab granite-gneiss pob zeb.
Granite crushed pob zeb muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub zog tsis muaj zog, yog li yog cov pob zeb tau npaj rau cov qauv tseem ceeb - cov hauv paus, kab, qab nthab, ces nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv nws. Peb yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab tias lub pob zeb crushed siv yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj impurities, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog av nplaum.
dej-cement ratio
Hauv kev tsim cov pob zeb, qhov piv ntawm cov cement yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plawsthiab dej. Dej yog tsim nyog rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov cement hydration, ua rau cov cement pob zeb. Qhov piv txwv no txiav txim siab txog cov chav kawm ntawm cov pob zeb sib xyaw. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account lub npe ntawm cov cement, qhov qis dua cov dej-cement piv, cov pob zeb muaj zog dua. Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus qhov yuav tsum tau rau cov cement hydration yog 0.2. Hauv kev xyaum, cov pob zeb uas muaj dej-rau-cement piv ntawm 0.3-0.5 yog siv, cov khoom sib xyaw nrog cov dej loj-cement piv tsis tau siv.
Kev txiav txim siab qhov proportions ntawm qhob mix
Raws li txoj cai, cov cements ntawm qib M400 thiab M500 yog siv rau kev npaj cov pob zeb. Hauv kev xyaum, cov lus hauv qab no yog siv los txiav txim siab noj cov cement ib 1m3 ntawm pob zeb.
| qib pob zeb | Kev siv M500 cement, kg / m3 |
| M100 | 180 |
| M150 | 210 |
| M200 | 250 |
| M250 | 310 |
| M300 | 360 |
| M400 | 410 |
| M500 | 455 |
Cov ntaub ntawv no tau muab rau cov xwm txheej uas muaj qhov kub thiab txias, nrog rau cov cement, qhov tsis sib xws rau cov uas tau teev nyob rau hauv pob. Hauv lub neej tiag tiag, yuav tsum tau muab cov cement ntau tshaj 10-15%.
Ntxiv mus, raws li paub meej cov cement, kev noj cov ntaub ntawv ib 1m3 ntawm cov pob zeb yog xam, qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov cement rau xuab zeb thiab gravel yog muab rau hauv lub rooj.
| pob zeb | feem ntawm cov cement, xuab zeb thiab crushed pob zeb | |
| mark M400 | mark M500 | |
| M100 | W1: W3.9: W5, 9 | W1: W5, 1: W6, 9 |
| M150 | W1: W3.0: W4, 9 | C1: W4, 0: W5, 7 |
| M200 | W1: W2.3: W4, 0 | W1: W3, 0: W4, 7 |
| M250 | W1: W1.7: W3, 2 | W1: W2, 3: W3, 8 |
| M300 | W1: R1.5: W3, 1 | Ц1: П2, 0: Ш3, 5 |
| M400 | W1: W1.1: W2, 4 | C1: P1, 3: S2, 6 |
| M450 | C1:P 1.0: S2, 0 | C1: P1, 2: S2, 3 |
Piv txwv li, kev siv cov khoom siv rau 1 m3 ntawm M200 pob zeb yuav yog: cement qib M500 - 240 kg, xuab zeb - 576 kg, crushed pob zeb - 984 kg, dej - 120 l.
kev ua vaj tse
Nrog rau qhov ntim loj ntawm cov pob zeb ua haujlwm, nws raug nquahu kom yuav cov pob zeb ua tiav ntawm cov cog ze tshaj plaws nrog kev xa khoom los ntawm kev tov khoom. Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm industrial ntau lawm, tus nqi ntawm cov khoom ib 1 m3 ntawm cov pob zeb yog tswj nruj heev. Yog tias qhov no tsis tuaj yeem ua tau, koj tuaj yeem npaj qhov xav tau ntawm qhov sib tov hauv tsev. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ntsuas koj lub peev xwm kom raug - lub concreting ntawm cov qauv sib cais yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv ib qho mus.
Ua ntej sib tov sib xyaw, kev noj cov khoom siv rau 1m3 ntawm pob zeb yog txiav txim siab. Nws tsis yog tsim nyog los xam tus nqi noj ntawm cov khoom, tsuas yog siv cov lus hauv qab no.
| Hom tshuaj tsim tawm | sib xyaw ua ke, kg | |||
| M400 cement | pob zeb tawg | Sand | Y dej, l | |
| M75 | 173 | 1085 | 946 | 210 |
| M100 | 212 | 1082 | 871 | 213 |
| M150 | 237 | 1075 | 856 | 215 |
| M200 | 290 | 1069 | 794 | 215 |
| M250 | 336 | 1061 | 751 | 220 |
| M300 | 385 | 1050 | 706 | 225 |
Cov sib tov yog npaj rau hauv ib lub pob zeb sib tov ntawm qhov tsim nyog ntim, muab tso rau hauv nws ntsuas ntawm cov cement qhuav, sifted xuab zeb thiab gravel. Nws raug nquahu kom ntxiv dej hauv ntu kawg.
khoom noj khoom haus
Ntxiv rau cov khoom tseem ceeb, cov khoom ntxiv rau ntau lub hom phiaj yog ntxiv rau cov pob zeb ua ke:
- Hloov kho. Tsim los ua kom muaj zog thiab ua kom cov Frost tsis kam ntawm pob zeb.
- Plasticizers. Ua kom muaj zog thiab dej tsis kam ntawm qhov sib tov.
- Txoj kev tswj hwm kev txav mus los. Tso cai rau ncua sijhawm teem sijhawm, tswj kev txav mus los thaum caij tsheb thauj mus los.
- Anti-frost additives. Muab qhov kev teeb tsa ib txwm muaj ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, txog li 20 degrees.
- Teeb accelerators. Ua kom qhov teeb tsa nrawm muab qhov ceev tshaj plaws ntawm lub zog hauv thawj hnub.
Thaum siv cov khoom siv ntxiv, kev noj cov khoom ntawm 1 m3 ntawm cov pob zeb yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab los ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom cov lus pom zoo. Kev ua txhaum cov lus qhia rau kev siv tuaj yeem muaj qhov cuam tshuam ncaj qha.
