Raws li lub npe "larch" tag nrho cov genus ntawm coniferous nroj tsuag los ntawm Pine tsev neeg tau ua ke. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, nws muaj txog 20 hom faib nyob rau sab qaum teb Hemisphere.
Cov kab mob larches loj hlob sai, cov ntoo muaj zog nrog kev hla, pob tshab yas. Vim lawv loj heev, lawv tsis tshua siv nyob rau hauv lub vaj. Tab sis varietal larches yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws. Lawv zoo huv si, sib txawv ntawm qhov loj, xim ntawm koob, thiab lwm yam. Cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm ntau yam yog Siberian thiab Japanese larch (Kempfer).
Hauv cov ntsiab lus zoo nkauj, cov tsiaj kawg tshaj qhov seem ob leeg nrog nws cov koob ntev ntawm cov xim qub thiab nrog lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj. Unpretentiousness thiab kev loj hlob sai tau ua rau Japanese larch xav tau cog rau ntau tus gardeners. Hauv tsab xov xwm peb yuav qhia koj txog nws cov yam ntxwv, hom nrov tshaj plaws thiab cov cai loj hlob.
Japanese larch (Kempfer): chaw nyob
Lub npe ntawm hom no hais rau nws tus kheej. homeland ntawm Japaneselarch yog cov kob ntawm Honshu. Nws yog endemic, uas yog, ib tsob nroj pom tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam no, thiab tsis muaj lwm yam nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Txawm li cas los xij, peb nco ntsoov tias tsob ntoo tau raug tsim los ntawm Sakhalin.
Nws loj hlob ntawm qhov siab ntawm 1600-2700 m saum toj no hiav txwv theem, nyob rau hauv lub toj siab txoj siv, nyob rau hauv loj mono-plantations los yog singly nyob rau hauv hav zoov ntawm densely flowered ntoo thuv, Sayan spruce, heterogeneous hemlock, Vicha fir, Erman birch.. Koj tuaj yeem pom Japanese larch ntawm qhov siab qis hauv lub tuam txhab ntawm beech, ntoo qhib thiab hornbeam. Nws thrives zoo nyob rau hauv txias thiab qhuav huab cua thiab yog resistant rau lig caij nplooj ntoos hlav frosts. Tsis zoo li lwm yam larches, Japanese hom zam shading zoo dua. Nws tau ua tiav kev cog qoob loo ntawm chernozem thiab podzolic av, tab sis txhim kho zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov xuab zeb tshiab thiab av nplaum substrates.
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Japanese larch ncav cuag qhov siab ntawm 30 txog 35 m thiab lub cev txoj kab uas hla ntawm 50 mus rau 100 cm. Cov tub ntxhais hluas tua tau pleev xim rau thaum pib ntawm lub caij ntuj no hauv cov xim xim av-daj nrog lub paj tawg paj, biennial tua yog xim liab-xim av. Nws txawv ntawm lwm hom los ntawm me ntsis spiraling ceg.
Cov koob ntawm Japanese larch yog qhov ntev nruab nrab: los ntawm 15 mus rau 50 hli, npub, xiav lossis xiav-ntsuab. Cones muaj ib puag ncig-oval duab, 20-35 mm ntev, feem ntau muaj 45-50 teev nyob rau hauv 5-6 kab.
tsob ntoo loj hlob sai, kev loj hlob txhua xyoo yog 10-15 cm dav thiab 25 cm siab. Zoo li lwm yam larches, Japanesentau yam yog yam ntxwv los ntawm cov ntoo ruaj thiab rot-resistant, uas yog yooj yim ua. Hauv qhov no, nws tau siv dav hauv kev lag luam rooj tog thiab kev tsim kho.
Nyob hauv lawv lub tebchaws, Japanese larch (duab raws li cov ntawv nyeem) tau siv rau hauv kab lis kev cai ntev heev. Nws muaj nuj nqis rau nws cov khoom zoo nkauj zoo nkauj thiab tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kab tsuag. Loj hlob hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm bonsai. Cov nroj tsuag tuaj rau teb chaws Europe nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th, txij li thaum 1861 nws tau nquag siv nyob rau hauv lub vaj, hav zoov plantations thiab chaw ua si. Japanese larch kis nyob rau hauv Russia xyoo 1880-1885
Peb kos koj cov xim rau cov ntoo nrov tshaj plaws hauv thaj chaw horticultural. Lawv txawv nyob rau hauv loj, crown puab, koob yam ntxwv. Ntawm cov ntau yam niaj hnub no, koj tuaj yeem khaws qee yam tshwj xeeb rau koj lub vaj.
Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws
Nov yog Japanese larch zus rau ntawm lub cev ntawm lwm tsob ntoo (shtambe, ua lwm yam lus). Cov tua ntawm ib tsob nroj ntawm no ntau yam yog creeping, dai. Nyob ntawm seb qhov kev cog qoob loo siab npaum li cas, daim ntawv quaj tuaj yeem ncav cuag li 1.5-2 m hauv qhov siab thiab 1 m hauv txoj kab uas hla. Cov koob ntawm Stif Viper muaj lub xiav-ntsuab hue, poob tawm thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg lig. Cones ntawm tus qauv loj, poj niam liab, txiv neej - yellowish. Lub crown ntawm tsob ntoo yog huv si nrog ib tug me me ntawm cov txheej txheem lateral. Japanese larch Stiff Weeper tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov kev xav tau tshaj plaws thiab kev sib xyaw ua ke, nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm cov xyoob ntoo thiab txhua xyoo, hauv ib qho cog.
Los ntawm tshwj xeebCov kev xav tau ntawm ntau yam, rhiab heev rau drought thiab noo noo stagnation yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg. Hauv qhov no, nws raug pom zoo nyob rau hauv thawj rooj plaub kom dej nws ntau zaus, thiab hauv qhov thib ob - txhawm rau kom cov kua dej zoo.
Pendula
Tsawg-loj Japanese larch Pendula yog ib daim ntawv quaj uas loj hlob mus txog 6-10 m hauv qhov siab, tsob ntoo loj hlob qeeb, tab sis qhov no yog qhov ntxiv ntau tshaj qhov rho tawm, vim li no koj tuaj yeem khaws qhov qub. saib ntawm qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntev. Cov ceg ntoo tau poob qis, tom qab lawv ncav cuag hauv av, lawv pib kis nrog ib daim ntaub pua plag.
Cov hom no muaj cov koob mos xiav-ntsuab. Cov nyhuv fluffy muab qhov zoo nkauj zoo nkauj. Reproduction tsuas yog ua tau los ntawm grafting. Pendula ntau yam tsis yog tshwj xeeb xav tau ntawm ib puag ncig, tab sis nws tseem yuav txhim kho zoo dua ntawm cov av fertile thiab zoo-drained. Tsis txhob tso dej tawm.
Diana
Yog tias koj tab tom nrhiav ib tsob ntoo txawv txawv rau koj lub vaj uas yuav ua rau txhua tus xav tsis thoob, cia nws ua Japanese Diana larch. Luxurious ntau yam nrog zoo spiraling tua. Tus ntoo zoo li quaj. Cov koob nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav-lub caij ntuj sov lub sij hawm muaj ib tug daj ntseg ntsuab xim, nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg - daj. Zoo nkauj ci paj yeeb cones ntxiv decorativeness.
Diana nce mus txog qhov siab ntawm 8-10 m, thaum lub kaus mom hemispherical hlob mus txog 5 m hauv txoj kab uas hla. Cov tawv ntoo ntawm tsob ntoo yog xim liab-xim av. Hauv thawj xyoo, larch loj hlob sai heev, ces kev loj hlob qeeb. Daim ntawv quaj no nyiam cov av alkaline moist.
YYuav siv tau los ua kab kab kab hauv thaj chaw ntsuab ntsuab lossis hauv pawg cog nrog lwm cov conifers, hardwoods lossis herbaceous nroj tsuag.
Blue Rabbit
Blue Rabbit yog ntau yam siab nrog lub ntsej muag pyramidal. Cov neeg laus cov qauv ncav cuag qhov siab txog li 10-15 m. Cov ntoo hluas yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov yas me me. Qhov no Japanese larch muaj cov yam ntxwv xiav xim ntawm koob, uas dhau los ua golden-liab nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg. Tsob ntoo khaws nws cov hniav zoo nkauj thoob plaws hauv nws lub neej. Cov ntau yam yog haum rau cov cheeb tsam nrog txias winters, raws li nws muaj siab Frost tsis kam. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws loj hlob sai, tiv taus huab cua phem, thiab yog li siv tau hauv nroog.
Zoo li lwm yam ntawm Japanese larch, Blue Rabbit nyiam cov av noo me ntsis thiab ua pa, qhov chaw ci ntsa iab thiab dej nruab nrab.
Wolterdingen
Dwarf Japanese larch Wolterdingen tuaj yeem kho txhua lub vaj. Vim nws qhov loj me, nws tuaj yeem siv rau ntawm alpine slides, ib sab ntawm cov khoom siv dag zog, hauv cov khoom siv heather. Tsob ntoo loj hlob qeeb heev thiab thaum muaj hnub nyoog kaum mus txog 0.5 m nyob rau hauv qhov siab thiab 70 cm dav, lub crown yog ntom, domed. Cov koob ntawm lub zoo nkauj xiav-ntsuab hue, me ntsis twisted, 3.5 mm ntev, tig daj thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg. Kev tua luv luv yog radial.
Wolterdingen nyiam cov av fertile thiab moist, nrog rau cov teeb pom kev zoo nrog kev nkag mus rau lub hnub ncaj qha.
Loj hlob los ntawm noob
Raws li koj twb tau nkag siab lawm, tsis yog txhua tus larches tuaj yeem loj hlob los ntawm cov noob. Ntxiv mus, qee zaum cov txheej txheem no tsuas yog tsis tsim nyog, thiab nws yog qhov zoo dua los yuav cov noob hauv khw. Yog tias koj tseem txiav txim siab loj hlob Japanese larch los ntawm cov noob, ces qee cov lus pom zoo yuav los ua ke.
Ua ntej cog, nco ntsoov tsau cov noob rau 1-2 hnub hauv dej, lub thawv nrog lawv tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv tub yees. Sowing tuaj yeem nqa tawm ntawm cov noob los yog hauv av thaum nws sov txaus. Nruab nrab ntawm cov nroj tsuag cog nyob rau hauv ib kab, nws yog txaus kom tawm ib tug deb ntawm ob peb centimeters. Sowing tob - 3-5 mm (nyob ntawm seb cov av qauv). Seedlings feem ntau tshwm tom qab 2 lub lis piam. Tom ntej no xyoo, nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, seedlings yuav cog deb ntawm ib leeg. Rau qhov chaw ruaj khov, cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo kom txiav txim siab lawv thaum muaj hnub nyoog 1, 5-2 xyoos.
Japanese larch: cog thiab tu
Yog tias koj dhau los ua tus tswv ntawm Japanese larch yub, nco ntsoov tias lub sijhawm zoo tshaj plaws los cog nws yog thaum pib lub caij nplooj zeeg lossis caij nplooj ntoo hlav. Lub qhov cog yuav tsum tau npaj raws li qhov loj ntawm lub hauv paus system. Raws li txoj cai, qhov dav, qhov siab thiab qhov tob yog tib yam - 50 cm. Sau cov nroj tsuag nrog excavated av, sib tov nyob rau hauv sib npaug proportions nrog peat. Yog tias cov av hnyav, av nplaum, nws kuj pom zoo kom ntxiv cov xuab zeb dej ntxhib.
Larches yog kab tias feem ntau unpretentious coniferous nroj tsuag nyob rau sab qaum teb latitudes. Kev saib xyuas tsob ntoo muaj nyob rau hauv dej kom raug, loosening, mulching av, pruning thiab ua los ntawm kab tsuag.
- Koj yuav tsum tau dej larch nkaus xwb nyob rau hauv drought. Ib tsob ntoo loj yuav tsum muaj li 20 liv dej. Ntau zaus - 1-2 zaug hauv ib lub lis piam.
- Txuag yog tsim nyog rau cov nroj tsuag hluas. Nroj tsuag tib lub sij hawm kom cov nroj tsuag tsis poob dej.
- Mulching yog qhov tsim nyog rau txhua tus - nws txhim kho cov khoom ntawm cov av, tiv thaiv cov evaporation ntawm noo noo los ntawm nws thiab tiv thaiv cov hauv paus hniav los ntawm overheating. Siv sawdust, ntoo chips los yog peat.
- Pruning tsuas yog ua tiav thaum tsim nyog (kev huv) thiab ua tib zoo.
- Kev kho nrog fungicidal thiab tshuaj tua kab yog tsim nyog rau kev tiv thaiv. Feem ntau, Japanese larch muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo heev.
