Cov neeg tsim khoom raug yuam kom txhim kho kev sib tw ntawm lawv cov khoom tsis tu ncua vim niaj hnub kev ua lag luam saturation nrog cov khoom tuaj thiab Lavxias. Yog li ntawd, nrog rau cov khoom zoo, cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj kuj raug rau cov khoom.
Definition
Hlau oxide pigments yog ib yam khoom tsis muaj zog, muaj oxide hydrates thiab oxides ntawm ntau qib sib txawv. Raws li txoj kev tau txais, lawv muab faib ua ntuj thiab hluavtaws. Muab piv rau ntuj, cov tom kawg yog siv ntau dua. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog los ntawm cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm cov xim xim hauv cov xim hluavtaws thiab tus nqi qis. Hlau oxides muaj ntau yam xim, los ntawm dub thiab xiav mus rau daj thiab ntsuab tones.
Iron oxide pigments: yam ntxwv
Ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov xim, nws tsim nyog sau cov hauv qab no:
- Kev pab cuam cuam tshuam txog kev siv nyiaj los them rau ib chav dav hlau. Qhov ntsuas no qis dua, cov khoom siv tsawg yuav raug siv.
- Dispersion. Nrogtxo qhov fineness ntawm kev sib tsoo kom cov xim muaj peev xwm.
- Kev siv zog yog lub peev xwm los qhia nws cov xim thaum sib xyaw nrog lwm cov khoom ntawm qee qhov kev ua kom txaus. Qhov kev siv zog yog pom raws li feem pua ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom tus qauv.
- Lightfastness yog qhov tsis kam rau photochemical nres.
- Txhob Cia Siab. Txawm yog cov batch, lub xim yuav tsum tsis txhob hloov siv.
- Kub ua haujlwm yog lub peev xwm khaws cov xim nyob rau hauv qhov ntsuas kub qhov ntsuas.
- Muaj cov dej soluble additives.
- Acidity ntawm aqueous suspension. Nws yuav tsum tsis txhob siab tshaj pH=7. Vim qhov tseeb tias cov cement yog alkaline, kev siv cov kua qaub qis yuav ua kom cov xim sib tov tag nrho.
pob zeb colouring
Kev pleev xim rau cov khoom ua vaj tse, hlau oxide pigments tau siv ntev, uas muaj lub zog zais qis thiab cov xim sib txawv. Lawv tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm alkali, qee hom acids, ntsev, hnub ci. Vim li no, pigments tau dhau los ua ntau yam hauv cov xim ntawm cov khoom cement hydration.
Cov khw muag khoom muaj hlau oxide pigments ntawm txawv teb chaws thiab Lavxias teb sab ntau lawm. Txhawm rau muab cov pob zeb ua ib qho ntxoov ntxoo, nyob ntawm thaj tsam ntawm kev tsim khoom, kev taw qhia ntawm cov tshuaj los ntawm 3 mus rau 15% ntawm tag nrho qhov hnyav yog yuav tsum tau. Nws yuav tsum tau borne nyob rau hauv lub siab hais tias cov pigments muaj ib tug ntau dua dispersion nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog Portland cement,Yog li ntawd, yog hais tias lub concentration yog ntau tshaj, yuav muaj ib tug ntse nce nyob rau hauv qhov xav tau ntawm cov sib tov nyob rau hauv dej, uas tom qab ntawd yuav ua rau ib tug tseem ceeb txo nyob rau hauv lub zog thaum lub sij hawm pouring thiab nce nyob rau hauv porosity.
Iron oxide pigment: daim ntawv thov
Cov ntaub ntawv kev siv ntawm cov cuab yeej cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev siv cov dyes. Nrog rau ib qho me me ntawm cov xim hauv cov khoom loj, kom tau txais kev sib cais tiav, cov khoom siv yuav tsum muaj kev sib xyaw ua kom nrawm. Cov xim hloov cov xim tsuas yog cov cement binder ntawm tag nrho cov pob zeb sib tov, yog li tib cov xim ntawm cov xim yuav ntau xim sib xyaw nrog cov ntsiab lus cement ntau dua li qhov loj me me.
Ob lossis ntau cov xim yog siv los tsim cov xim ntawm cov cement uas txawv ntawm cov tones ntawm tus neeg xim. Kev siv cov xim sib xyaw ua ke yuav tsum sib tov ua ntej ntxiv rau cov khoom kom tau txais qhov ntxoov ntxoo uas xav tau. Qhov no yuav siv sij hawm ntau dua li xim nrog ib qho xim.
YBasic dyes
Hlau oxide daj xim muaj huab cua tsis kam, lub teeb nrawm, thermal stability, kev ua haujlwm zoo heev. Nws yog siv rau hauv kev tsim cov khoom vaj khoom tsev rau ntau lub hom phiaj, vuas, plasters, vuas ru tsev, ntau hom primers. Czech thiab Suav dyes muaj cov khoom zoo sib xws rau cov neeg siv khoom, thaum tom kawg yog nyob rau hauv nqe qis. Xws li pigments, tsim los ntawm ocher, txawvgranular ruaj khov formulation.
Black Iron Oxide Pigment yog ib qho tshuaj lom neeg tsis tu ncua uas tau pom nws daim ntawv thov hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv xim xim, muab tshuaj, thiab xim. Cov xim qhuav qhuav yog qhov txawv los ntawm nws cov yam ntxwv npog thiab qhov tob ntawm lub suab, thaum nws tsis ploj mus thiab tsis raug rau qhov kub thiab txias, nce qib ntawm alkali. Cov khoom tiav tau txais agate ntev lub suab.
Cov xim liab yog tsim los ntawm Czech thiab Ukrainian cov tuam txhab hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov hmoov tsis muaj hmoov av. Lub hauv paus siv los xyuas kom meej lub durability thiab saturation ntawm ntxoov ntxoo.
Cov xim dawb yog insoluble hauv cov organic acids thiab dej, thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom rau tib neeg. Muag feem ntau hauv 25 kg hnab.
Dab tsi txiav txim siab qib ntawm staining
Cov xim ntawm cov khoom tiav yog cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov ntxoov ntxoo ntawm cov cement nws tus kheej. Lub suab grey muaj peev xwm ua kom dim qhov ci, yog li thaum ua haujlwm nrog tus qauv Portland cement, nws yog qhov nyuaj kom tau txais cov xim nplua nuj. Qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws yog cov cement dawb, kuj siv los tsim cov xim xiav thiab ntsuab.
Txhua yam khoom muaj nws cov xim grey. Cov tuam txhab sib txawv kuj tsim cov cement ntawm tib hom, uas txawv ntawm ib leeg. Cov kev sib txawv no tau pom nyob rau hauv cov xim pob zeb, nrog cov khoom siv xim xim yog qhov rhiab dua li cov pob zeb uas muaj xim hlau oxide xim tsaus. Yog li, rau ib pawg ntawm cov khoom los ntawm cov khoom siv no yuav tsumsiv tib lub cement los ntawm tib lub chaw tsim khoom.
Lub suab ntawm cov muab tub lim kuj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau qhov kawg ntxoov ntxoo ntawm cov khoom teeb. Ntawm no, txoj cai ntawm ib qho kev sib xyaw muaj feem cuam tshuam hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm ib pawg ntawm cov khoom. Muaj qhov txo qis hauv cov nyhuv no hauv cov pob zeb dub thiab xiav. Qhov ntom ntawm cov khoom tsis cuam tshuam rau cov xim, tab sis nrog kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm cov pob zeb ntxeem tau, muaj peev xwm ntawm efflorescence thaum khaws thiab siv. Lawv cov tsos mob ua rau cov tsos mob tsis zoo, lawv tsis cuam tshuam rau cov xim, tab sis efflorescence yog pom ntau dua ntawm cov xim pleev xim dua li ntawm ib qho ntuj.
Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom xyaw
Hauv kev npaj cov cement tint sib tov, qhov ntau npaum ntawm cov khoom los ntawm qhov hnyav yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account, txij li cov hlau oxide pigments rau pob zeb muaj qhov sib txawv. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb los soj ntsuam lub sij hawm sib npaug sib npaug, qhov no yuav tso cai rau cov khoom sib xyaw kom muaj xim sib luag.
Kev kho mob sib txawv ua rau muaj kev hloov xim. Ib qho ntxoov ntxoo sib txawv tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim qhov evaporation sai ntawm cov dej noo thiab condensation ntawm lub dav hlau, kuj tseem muaj peev xwm ntawm cov txheej me me. Txhawm rau kom tau txais cov txiaj ntsig xav tau, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau saib xyuas cov proportions ntawm cov dej rau diluting qhob thiab qhov kub thiab txias tswj. Nws muaj ib tug yam ntxwv qauv: koob-zoo li tus crystals muaj ib tug siab pour point. Cov pob zeb me me txhim kho qhov sib txawv ntawm lub teeb, ua rau cov xim zoo li sib zog dua li qhov kub thiab txias kho pob zeb.
Nyob ntawm cov xim
Iron oxide pigments feem ntau muab faib ua cov tsis muaj zog, tag nrho cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog 25%, thiab cov muaj zog muaj zog, nrog rau qhov concentration ntawm 10%. Yog tias tsim nyog kom tau txais qee qhov ntxoov ntxoo ntau dua 10% ntawm cov xim xim los ntawm ntim ntawm cov khoom, nws yog ntshaw kom siv ib tug me me feem ntawm ib tug muaj zog hom xim. Qhov no yog vim hais tias feem ntau degrades cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub zog vim muaj zog nqus dej.
Tau tsim cov khoom lag luam pastel, nws yog qhov nyuaj los teeb tsa me me, yog li nws tsim nyog siv tag nrho ib feem ntawm cov xim tsis muaj zog.
Manufacturers
Ntawm cov tuam txhab tseem ceeb, German, Czech thiab Suav cov chaw tsim khoom yog cov hlau lead. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm tus nqi-zoo piv, Suav-ua pigments yog ntau txaus nyiam niaj hnub no. Qhov nrov tshaj plaws ntawm Czechs yog liab thiab xim av tones. Hais txog qhov zoo, German dyes tuav thawj qhov chaw, tab sis vim lawv cov nqi siab, lawv siv rau paving tsis muaj txiaj ntsig.
Iron oxide pigments (ua nyob rau hauv Russia) muaj tus nqi qis thiab cov khoom txaus siab, vim lawv sib tw nrog cov tuaj txawv teb chaws.
