Txhua lub tsev yog tsim los ua ob txoj haujlwm yooj yim - nyob thiab daws txhua yam teeb meem. Txawm hais tias lub hom phiaj ntawm lub tsev, lawv yuav tsum muaj lub zog zoo thiab txhim khu kev qha uas tuaj yeem tiv taus cov khoom tsim los ntawm txhua yam khoom siv txuas nrog tib lub sijhawm. Hauv thaj chaw uas npaj rau kev nyob, kev saib xyuas ntau dua rau kev tsim sab hauv, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov tsev uas tib neeg khaws lawv lub tsheb, qhov tseem ceeb yog txawv kiag li.
Daim duab kab hluav taws xob hauv qhov chaw nres tsheb, raws li txoj cai, yog tsim kom yooj yim thiab qhib li sai tau. Nws ua rau tsis muaj kev txiav txim siab ua kom zais, vim qhov no ua rau cov nqi nyiaj txiag ntxiv, thiab tseem yuav tsum tau them tus nqi lub cev loj. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm tu txheej txheem, muaj ntau yam teeb meem ntxiv tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg tsav tsheb feem ntau siv zog ua kom yooj yim. Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, kev saib xyuas zoo yuav tsum tau them rau kev ntseeg tau, txij li hauv qhov nochav tsev tsis yog tsuas yog tsev ib lub tsheb xwb, tab sis kuj muaj cov thawv roj uas, yog tias hluav taws kub, tuaj yeem tawg.
Cia peb sim ua kom paub yuav ua li cas xaim lub tsheb (daim duab qhia hauv kab lus) kom koj tsis txhob txhawj txog kev nyab xeeb ntawm koj lub tsheb thiab tuaj yeem pw tsaug zog tsis muaj kev txhawj xeeb.
hom hluav taws xob
Ua ntej peb tham txog yuav ua li cas txuas hauv qhov chaw nres tsheb (lub voj voog tuaj yeem qhib lossis kaw), cia peb nkag siab txog qhov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob yog dab tsi. Raws li kev xyaum qhia, feem ntau ib-theem system ntawm 220 volts yog txaus. Nrog nws, koj tuaj yeem tsim teeb pom kev zoo hauv chav thiab lub zog rau cov khoom siv feem ntau.
Peb-theem fais fab mov nrog lub zog ntawm 380 W ua rau kev txiav txim siab yog tias lub chaw nres tsheb tsim rau ntau lub tsheb lossis yog lub tsev yuav muaj hluav taws xob boiler, nrog rau ntau lub tshuab muaj. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ua-nws-koj tus kheej xaim nyob rau hauv lub chaw nres tsheb (daim duab, duab thiab cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb tau tham nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm) yuav tsum muaj peev xwm tiv taus ib tug loj load. Txwv tsis pub, muaj kev phom sij ntawm luv luv, uas tuaj yeem ua rau hluav taws.
Nkauj kho siab
Cia peb saib kom ze rau qhov no. Kev xa hluav taws xob hauv chaw nres tsheb yuav tsum muab kev nplij siab tshaj plaws hauv kev siv hluav taws xob. Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, nws tseem yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov qauv kev nyab xeeb yooj yim, yog li kev npaj yuav tsum tau ua tiag tiag. Ua ntej liTxhawm rau pib ua haujlwm thiab yuav khoom siv, nws raug nquahu kom ua ntej tsim lub phiaj xwm phiaj xwm hluav taws xob, uas txhua qhov tseem ceeb nuances yuav xav txog. Yog li koj tsis tuaj yeem ua txhua yam kom zoo, tab sis kuj txuag tau nyiaj ntau.
Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev teeb tsa cov phiaj xwm ntxaws ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb, sim ua txhua yam ua raws li qhov ntsuas hauv peb qhov projection.
Qhov project yuav tsum suav nrog cov hauv qab no:
- phab ntsa, pem teb thiab qab nthab qhov ntev;
- qhov chaw ntawm kev teeb tsa ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag hluav taws xob;
- qhov sib koom ua ke ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo, lub qhov (sockets) thiab cov keyboards.
txhawm rau txo tus nqi nyiaj txiag ntawm kev xaim hluav taws xob, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev los xam cov kev pom zoo los ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag hluav taws xob, suav nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm ib chav mus rau lwm qhov thiab qhov chaw ntawm cov thawv sib txuas. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub chaw nres tsheb nws tus kheej, cov cim yog siv rau qhov chaw ua hauj lwm, nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub network yuav nteg. Hauv qhov no, nws yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account raws nraim li cas koj yuav coj cov cables.
Lawv tuaj yeem npaj raws li hauv qab no:
- hauv chav nws tus kheej, uas twb muaj nws tus kheej transformer;
- ze ntawm lub tsev loj, uas twb txuas nrog lub ntsiab fais fab;
- cais tawm ntawm cov phiaj xwm los ntawm huab cua lossis kab xa khoom.
Nyob ntawm txoj kev xaiv, tus nqi ntawm kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab thiab kwv yees cov nqi nyiaj txiag raug xam. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum npaj ib qhov project, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tau xav txog kev ruaj ntseg system. Cov kab hluav taws xob hauv qhov chaw nres tsheb yuav tsummuab rau ib tug xob laim pas nrig, tiv thaiv surges thiab surges nyob rau hauv lub general power supply network, raws li zoo raws li grounding.
Cov ntsiab lus twg yog qhov system muaj?
Lub hwj chim ntawm ib lub tsev muaj xws li qee yam uas ua kom nws ua haujlwm zoo.
Cov tseem ceeb yog:
- main switchboard;
- ntsuas hluav taws xob;
- automation system;
- teeb pom kev;
- switches thiab sockets.
Raws li tus kheej lub hom phiaj thiab kev xav tau ntawm ib tus neeg tshwj xeeb, daim duab kab hluav taws xob hauv qhov chaw nres tsheb (cov duab ntawm cov kev xaiv hluav taws xob yuav ua rau txhua tus xav tsis thoob nrog lawv cov originality) yuav cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom siv cua sov thiab lwm yam khoom siv.
Power input
Yog li, yuav ua li cas xaim hauv chaw nres tsheb? Daim duab kos duab pib nrog kev teeb tsa ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag hluav taws xob. Nws tuaj yeem yog ob qho tib si sab hauv thiab sab nraud, txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau xaiv thawj qhov kev xaiv. Nws yog qhov ua tau zoo dua, yooj yim thiab txhim khu kev qha, nrog rau kev tswj xyuas zoo dua. Raws li txoj cai, cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo kom txhim kho lub cuab yeej ncaj qha ze ntawm lub qhov rooj. Thaum muaj teeb meem, koj tuaj yeem de-energize lub tsev thiab tshem tawm qhov ua tau ntawm hluav taws xob poob.
Thaum xaiv cov ntaub thaiv npog, koj yuav tsum xav txog cov nram qab no nuances:
- kev ua haujlwm zoo;
- tiv thaiv kev nkag mus los ntawm peb tog;
- muaj kev sib koom ua kekev tiv thaiv systems;
- ntau tshaj ntawm cov khoom siv txuas nrog.
Yog tias lub chaw nres tsheb nyob hauv ib qho kev koom tes, ces nws yuav tsum tau txuas ib lub 'meter' cais. Hauv qhov no, nws yog qhov zoo dua los xaiv cov qauv hloov pauv uas twb muaj lub ntsuas hluav taws xob ua haujlwm.
kev tiv thaiv
Raws li tau hais ua ntej, lub tswv yim email. kev xaim hauv qhov chaw nres tsheb yuav tsum muaj kev ntseeg siab. Txhawm rau kom nce qib kev nyab xeeb, nws suav nrog cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb uas tiv thaiv qhov tsis ua haujlwm ntawm cov twj paj nruag thiab cov cuab yeej siv thaum muaj hluav taws xob nce siab hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob dav dav.
Qhov no suav nrog:
- Circuit Breakers;
- voltage tswj relay;
- RCD;
- tshuab sib txawv;
- OPN;
- voltage stabilizers.
Feem ntau, ib qho yooj yim ua-nws-koj tus kheej daim duab thaiv kab hauv lub chaw nres tsheb cuam tshuam nrog kev teeb tsa ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsis siv neeg hluav taws xob ntawm lub tswv yim. Lawv kuj pheej yig thiab yooj yim rau nruab, tab sis muab qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev tiv thaiv. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los xav txog lwm txoj kev xaiv thiab txhim khu kev qha.
Circuitbreakers
Cov kev sib cuag hloov pauv no yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov hluav taws xob sib txuas ntawm ib lub tsev, tsis hais nws lub hom phiaj, vim lawv tiv thaiv cov overloads uas tshwm sim los ntawm hluav taws xob surges.
Lub tshuab automation nyob rau hauv lub switchboard pem hauv ntejib qho khoom siv rau kev ntsuas thiab tswj kev noj cov peev txheej ntawm lub zog. Yog tias siv daim duab qhia chaw nres tsheb yooj yim, uas suav nrog cov teeb pom kev zoo nkaus xwb, nrog rau ob peb lub qhov (sockets) thiab cov keyboards, ces tsis tas yuav muaj cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntxiv.
Txawm li cas los xij, muab qhov tseeb niaj hnub no thiab ntau yam khoom siv ntau yam uas tib neeg siv hauv tsev, cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ib leeg yuav tsis txaus los muab kev tiv thaiv qib siab. Lub kaw lus yuav tsum muaj peev xwm tiv taus cov khoom hnyav, yog li yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo thiab zoo automation.
RCD thiab qhov sib txawv automata
Lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog los tiv thaiv ib tus neeg los ntawm hluav taws xob thaum muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lub rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov xaim. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias lub chaw nres tsheb muaj qhov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas qhov twg cov khoom siv nyob. Raws li txoj cai, nws muaj cov av noo siab, uas ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau kev noj qab haus huv thiab lub neej ntawm tus kws kho tsheb.
Surge Protectors
Yog hais tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nkag mus rau hauv lub tsev dhau los ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob, ces thaum muaj cua daj cua dub nws yuav raug xob laim, uas, dhau los, yuav ua rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tam sim no txuas nrog lub zog hluav taws xob. qhov system. Yuav kom txo tau lub peev xwm siab, surge suppressors yog tsim, uas hloov lub ntsiab impulse rau hauv av. Lawv qhov kev teeb tsa yog nqa tawm ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob thiab lub txee.
Yog tias daim duab kab hauv lub chaw nres tsheb tsis muab rau cov cuab yeej no, ces qhov noNws raug pom zoo kom de-energize lub tsev ua ntej ntawm qhov pib ntawm cua daj cua dub. Tab sis qhov kev xaiv no tsis yog qhov ua tau zoo, vim nws txwv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb.
voltage tswj relay
Raws li kev xyaum qhia, ntau tus kws ua haujlwm ua haujlwm ib txhij hauv cov chaw nres tsheb sib koom ua ke, yog li tsim cov khoom loj ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Yog tias tib lub sijhawm ua haujlwm zoo sib xws thiab ua haujlwm tau ua tiav nrog qhov tsis raug, ces ntau yam ua haujlwm tsis zoo yuav tshwm sim hauv hluav taws xob circuit.
Poob theem tsis ua haujlwm yog ib qho tshwm sim feem ntau. Nrog nws, lub zog muaj zog surge tshwm sim, uas tuaj yeem ua rau tsis ua haujlwm ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Txhawm rau zam qhov xwm txheej tsis zoo li no, kev tswj hwm relays yuav pab tau, uas cia li kaw lub hwj chim thaum muaj overload.
Cov cuab yeej siv niaj hnub tsim los rau kev tiv thaiv kev siv hluav taws xob muaj nyob rau hauv cov qauv tsim, kom nws tuaj yeem ntsia tau yooj yim hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias qhov no, ntau tus neeg tsis siv cov cuab yeej no. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov no, ua-nws-koj tus kheej xaim hauv qhov chaw nres tsheb (lub voj voog tuaj yeem ua tau ntau yam) yog qhov tsis ntseeg.
kauj ruam-down cais transformers
Thaum tshuaj xyuas lub hauv qab ntawm lub tsheb hauv lub qhov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas, tus kws kho tsheb raug yuam kom nyob hauv cov av noo siab, uas yog qhov txaus ntshai tshwj xeeb thaum ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Txhawm rau txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm hluav taws xob poob siab,Nws raug nquahu kom siv cov khoom siv teeb pom kev zoo nrog lub zog siab tshaj plaws tsis pub tshaj 36 volts. Txawm li cas los xij, qee cov khoom siv yuav tsum muaj qhov hluav taws xob ntau dua, yog li kev sib cais transformers siv los xyuas kom meej tias lawv txoj haujlwm nyab xeeb. Lawv zoo li tshem tawm qhov ua tau ntawm hluav taws xob raug mob.
Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws.
Thaum xaiv cov khoom siv rau kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob hauv ib chav, tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them rau qhov zoo ntawm cov txheej insulating. Nws yog ntshaw tias cov khoom los ntawm nws yog tsim los tiv thaiv hluav taws. Hauv qhov no, qhov luv luv yuav tsis ua rau hluav taws.
Cov kab hluav taws xob yog qhov hluav taws kub thiab txaus ntshai heev. Nws yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv tshwj xeeb cov thawv hlau uas ua rau thaj chaw sib kis ntawm hluav taws thaum muaj hluav taws kub. Cov kws tsim hluav taws xob tsim nyog qhia xaiv cov xov hlau uas cim nrog "NG" index.
Ntxiv rau, koj yuav tsum tau xyuam xim rau cov nuances hauv qab no:
- khoom siv;
- hla ntu;
- chav kawm voltage;
- lub zog ntawm cov txheej txheem rwb thaiv tsev.
Tsuas yog ua raws li tag nrho cov txheej txheem no, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb yuav ua kom zoo thiab nyab xeeb. Tsis txhob skimp on cables, raws li tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv thiab lub neej yog priceless.
teeb thiab hloov
Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas cov khoom siv teeb pom kev zoo txuas nrog rau kev hloov pauv sib txawvkhoom siv.
Lub teeb pom kev zoo yuav tsum muab faib:
- tag nrho - siv rau tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm lub tsev;
- hauv zos - lub luag haujlwm rau qhov chaw ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb.
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias cov teeb fluorescent tsim los siv rau hauv cov chaw tsim khoom yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau kev muab cov teeb pom kev zoo hauv lub tsheb. Raws li txoj cai, lawv tau nruab rau hauv thaj tsam tam sim ntawm lub qhov rooj.
Lub teeb pom kev hauv zos yog siv los ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo, uas nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj kev nyab xeeb siab tau txuas nrog kev sib cais transformers. Hloov rau lawv yog mounted ze ntawm qhov chaw ua hauj lwm. Qhov tsuas yog qhov tshwj xeeb yog qhov chaw soj ntsuam, vim tias nws muaj cov av noo heev, vim qhov luv luv tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog tias cov khoom siv teeb pom kev zoo muaj chav kawm tiv thaiv IP67, nrog rau cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, uas tsis suav nrog qhov muaj peev xwm tawg lub teeb thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg.
sockets
Daim duab thaiv hauv lub chaw nres tsheb yuav tsum muaj kev xav zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob txuas mus tas li. Thaum xaiv cov qhov (socket), nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xav txog qhov ntsuas lub zog uas cov cuab yeej siv. Vuam tshuab, cua sov, pib-them cov khoom siv yuav tsum ua haujlwm los ntawm cov kab sib cais nruab nrog lawv tus kheej tiv thaiv cov ntsiab lus. Yog tias koj npaj yuav siv cov khoom siv nqa tau yooj yim, ces nws yog qhov zoo dua los tso cov sockets nyob ib ncig ntawm chav tsev kom tshem tawm cov xov hlau tsis tsim nyog thiab nqa. Nws yog qhov yooj yim rau mount lawv ntawm qhov siab ntawm kwv yees li ib thiab ib nrab meters.
Txhua lub ntsiab lus yuav tsum tau nruab nrog cov npog tiv thaiv uas tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo ntawm cov kua rau hauv lawv. Niaj hnub no, ntau thiab ntau zaus lawv pib tsis kam siv hluav taws xob sib txuas ua raws li TN-C system, yog li txhua tus tau hloov mus rau lub qhov (sockets) nrog kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv uas yuav raug synchronized nrog hauv av.
Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tso cov cable, ntau yam ntawm lub network yuav tsum tau txuas nrog nws. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los ua qhov no los ntawm cov thawv sib txuas, uas txhua tus neeg sib cuag yuav tsum tau zoo insulated. Lawv muab tso rau ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm cov xov hlau.
cov lus qhia dav dav thiab ua kom yuam kev
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv cov txheej txheem txuas hluav taws xob yog ua raws li cov cai tswj kev nyab xeeb. Txwv tsis pub, qhov tshwm sim tuaj yeem ua rau mob hnyav.
Txhawm rau kom cov kab hluav taws xob hauv lub chaw nres tsheb kom ntseeg tau thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb, nws yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov qauv niaj hnub no. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yuav tsum ua kom yooj yim thiab nkag siab li sai tau. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv peb-core cable. Nws muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo thiab muaj peev xwm tiv taus lub nra loj thaum txuas ob peb yam khoom siv tib lub sijhawm. Yog tias muaj peb-theem network hauv lub nkas-las, nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv tsib-core cable. Hauv qhov no, cov khoom tsim tawm tuaj yeem tsis sib xws.
Peb-theem network nrog qhov hluav taws xob ntawm 380 Volts yog ua raws li cov txheej txheem zoo sib xws raws li qhov classic, tsim rau kev siv hauv tsev. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum tau xav txog kev faib tawm raws li cov theem ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Kom yooj yimua hauj lwm thiab txo cov nqi nyiaj txiag tsawg, cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo kom siv cov hluav taws xob tam sim no nkaus xwb. Lawv kuj pheej yig, tab sis tib lub sij hawm lawv muaj peev xwm muab kev tiv thaiv zoo tiv thaiv lub zog surges thiab surges. Txawm li cas los xij, cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb ntawm thaj chaw tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm no.
Qhov ntawd yog txhua qhov nuances uas yuav tsum tau xav txog thaum tso cov hlua hluav taws xob hauv qhov chaw nres tsheb. Yog tias koj ua tib zoo xav txog txhua yam saum toj no, koj yuav ua tau tag nrho cov hauj lwm zoo, qhov tshwm sim uas yuav tsis ua rau koj poob siab.
