Tej zaum nyuaj nrhiav tus neeg tsis nyiam txiv apples. Fragrant muaj kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo tuaj yeem muaj ntau yam saj: nplua nuj qab zib, qaub, tart. Lawv yog cov tshiab tshiab, thiab siav jams, jams, jellies thiab kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo kawg nkaus rau peb cov zaub mov thaum lub caij ntuj no.
Pua pua ntawm ntau yam ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo tam sim no paub, thiab txawm tias qhov no, cov neeg yug tsiaj tau tsim kho tshiab, ntau hom kab mob uas txawv los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig siab, thawj saj, Frost tsis kam, thiab lwm yam hauv kab lus no, peb yuav qhia rau koj tsis hais txog qhov tshiab ntawm kev xaiv. Nws heroine yuav yog txiv apples Freshness. Kev piav qhia, kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov kws paub txog gardeners yuav pab koj ntsuas qhov zoo ntawm ntau yam, nrhiav nws cov yam ntxwv.
Freshness was bred in 1976 at the Research Institute of Fruit Crops Breeding. Qhov ntau yam tshwm sim los ntawm ib qho nyuaj hla ntawm nto moo Antonovka-liab chim nrog Welsey x F2 hybrid M. Floribunda. Qhov ntau yam no muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob ua paug, vim nws muaj Vf noob. Twb tau nyob rau xyoo 1985, thawj cov ntoo sim tau txi txiv, thiab xyoo 1994, ntau yam tau xaiv los ua ib qho tseem ceeb. Cov kws sau ntawv ua haujlwm nosteel Z. M. Serova, V. V. Zhdanov, E. N. Sedov.
Kev hloov pauv ntau yam
Xyoo 1995, ntau yam tau sim hauv thaj tsam Central thiab Central Black Earth, thiab rau xyoo tom qab nws tau tso tawm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tsob txiv apple no tau nthuav tawm hauv cov ntawv tshaj tawm ua vaj nrov. Ntau yam Freshness (xyuas paub meej tias qhov no) yog tsim rau cog nyob rau hauv intensive vaj. Kab lis kev cai no yog dab tsi?
Freshness yog ib tsob txiv apple uas zoo haum rau huab cua huab cua. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws muaj ib tug ncaj high Frost tsis kam. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Freshness apple tree tau nthuav dav. Cov lus piav qhia ntawm ntau yam nthuav tawm los ntawm cov kws sau ntawv tau ua kom nws tuaj yeem hloov kho rau thaj tsam arid, muab tias nws muaj dej ntau. Txwv tsis pub, tsob ntoo yuav depleted. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias cov txiv apples tau txais cov as-ham tsim nyog nyob rau hauv yaj daim ntawv los ntawm lub hauv paus system. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv huab cua kub, tsuas yog ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm noo noo yuav pab tau nws hloov.
Freshness - ib tsob txiv apple uas tuaj yeem loj hlob hauv huab cua txias. Txhawm rau hloov kho ntau yam tsis tas yuav tsum tau ntsuas tshwj xeeb, vim nws muaj kev tiv thaiv siab Frost. Qhov tsuas yog yuav tsum tau ua los pab tsob ntoo tawm ntawm kev ntxhov siab sai li sai tau yog pub nws nrog cov chiv chiv.
Freshness (apple): piav qhia
tsob ntoo ntawm no ntau yam belongs rau qhov siab nruab nrab thiab yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev loj hlob sai. Nws muaj ib tug puag ncig nruab nrab crown. Cov ceg tseem ceeb yog compact, me ntsis nkhaus. Lub bark ntawm lub ntsiab ceg thiab qia yog xim av thiab du.nto. Cov tua yog cranked, nruab nrab tuab, sib npaug hauv ntu ntu, pubescent nyob rau sab sauv, xim av xim, nruab nrab-loj lentils, muaj ntau heev. Lub raum yog appressed, du, conical nyob rau hauv cov duab.
Cov nplooj yog dav, ovoid, loj, tsaus ntsuab. Cov phaj yog me ntsis pubescent, muaj cov npoo zoo-grained thiab me ntsis twisted saum. Nto nrog glossy sheen thiab tob venation. Petioles ntawm nruab nrab tuab, ntev, me ntsis plaub hau.
paj
Inflorescences ntawm ntom qauv, hom corymbose. Tej zaum lawv yuav muaj plaub mus rau rau lub paj. Cov buds yog pleev xim rau hauv ib qho muag dawb-liab ntxoov ntxoo. Cov paj yog qhov nruab nrab, nrog cov paj ntawm ib puag ncig, qhib. Cov stigmas nyob rau tib theem nrog cov anthers, thiab qee zaum siab dua me ntsis.
Fruits
Freshness - ib tsob txiv apple (koj tuaj yeem pom daim duab hauv kab lus), uas muab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm qhov nruab nrab thiab loj dua: ib lub txiv apple hnyav ntawm ib puas thiab peb caug rau ib puas thiab plaub caug grams. Kuj tseem muaj cov qauv loj dua, tab sis lawv tsis pub tshaj ob puas grams.
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo li lub thoob (me ntsis flattened ntawm ob sab), nrog dav tav. Cov tawv nqaij muaj ib tug du nto nrog ib tug glossy sheen. Cov xim nyob rau lub sij hawm tshem tawm ripeness yog ntsuab-daj, nws muaj strokes thiab liab kab txaij qhia rau feem ntau ntawm cov kua. Cov stalks yog nruab nrab ntev thiab tuab, teem rau ntawm lub kaum sab xis, ncaj. Noob Chambers ntawm kaw hom. Cov noob yog loj, tsaus xim av. Lawv cov duab yog conical, nqaim. Lub pulp muajgreenish tint, nplua-grained thiab ntom qauv. Nws tawg yooj yim ntawm kev cuam tshuam.
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj kua heev, nrog me ntsis aroma. Lub saj ntawm apples yog qab zib thiab qaub. Raws li tsib lub ntsiab lus tasting nplai, cov kws tshaj lij ntsuas lawv qhov kev nyiam sab nraud ntawm 4.3 ntsiab lus, saj - ntawm 4.2 ntsiab lus. Thaum piv nrog lub npe nrov Antonovka, nws qhov kev ntxim nyiam tau raug ntsuas ntawm 4.1 cov ntsiab lus, thiab cov yam ntxwv saj tsim nyog 4.0 ntsiab lus.
tshuaj muaj txiaj ntsig
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj cov vitamins thiab cov as-ham. Lawv muaj:
- 0, 77% titratable acids;
- 9, 2% qab zib;
- 12, 4mg / 100g ascorbic acid;
- 436mg / 100g P-actives;
- 17, 8% pectin.
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog tsim rau kev ua haujlwm (jam, kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, jams, thiab lwm yam) thiab kev txuag. Lub sij hawm ntawm tshem tawm ripeness pib thaum kawg ntawm lub Cuaj Hli. Apples khaws cia yam tsis poob lawv saj kom txog thaum lub Tsib Hlis kawg. Freshness - ib tsob txiv apple uas tawm los nruab nrab ntawm 187 q / ha.
Apple tsob ntoo tuaj yeem cog rau lub caij nplooj zeeg thiab caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Gardeners pom zoo kom yuav yub ua ntej cog, thiab nws yog qhov zoo dua thaum lawv cov hauv paus hniav qhib - koj tuaj yeem pom tam sim ntawd lub hauv paus system yog dab tsi nyob rau lub sijhawm. Yuav cov yub yuav tsum tau npaj rau cog: txiav tawm cov kab mob los yog tawg cov hauv paus hniav, kho cov txiav los yog qhov txhab nrog crushed thee, kis cov hauv paus hniav zoo. Lub buds ntawm cov yub yuav tsum tsis txhob o.
Qhov twgcog txiv apples?
Ntau yam no yooj yim tu rau, tab sis nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum xaiv qhov chaw zoo rau cog hauv vaj. Apple tsob ntoo Freshness yuav loj hlob sai thiab txhim kho kom zoo nyob rau hauv qhov chaw zoo, ze rau tsob ntoo ntawm ntau yam sib txawv. Qhov no yog vim hla pollination.
Av
Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob khawb qhov av loj heev: tsis pub ntau tshaj ib 'meter' dav thiab rau caum centimeters tob. Cov av nyob rau hauv nws yuav tsum tau zoo loosened thiab fertilized. Nws yuav tsum tau borne nyob rau hauv lub siab hais tias thaum cog cov av yog oversaturated, Freshness (kua ntoo) sai sai loj hlob nyob rau hauv kev loj hlob, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm bears me ntsis txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Thaum cog cov yub, ua tib zoo saib seb lub hauv paus caj dab nyob li cas. Nws txoj hauj lwm raug yog theem nrog av.
Tom qab cog, cov yub yuav tsum tau ywg dej ntau. Kev saib xyuas kom zoo ntawm tsob ntoo txiv apple yog txheej txheem ntsuas uas muaj hauv kev ua haujlwm yooj yim:
- sijhawm tshuaj xyuas cov nroj tsuag tsis tu ncua;
- kho qhov txhab thiab qhov txhab;
- tshem tawm cov tua puas lossis qhuav; loosening av ncig tsob ntoo;
- qia whitewash (caij nplooj ntoos hlav);
- kev kho los ntawm kab tsuag.
Npaj rau lub caij ntuj no
Nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg, ib tsob ntoo hluas yog spudded mus rau qhov siab txog li nees nkaum centimeters, lub cev lub voj voog yog mulched nrog humus, compost los yog peat, thiab lub cev yog whitened nrog ib tug daws ntawm chalk. Yog tias nas npau taws hauv koj cheeb tsam thaum lub caij ntuj no, leej twg tsis averse mus feasting ntawm apple bark, khi trunksntoo nrog reeds los yog spruce ceg. Hauv thawj xyoo ntawm lub neej, tsob ntoo txiv apple tsis xav tau lub caij nplooj zeeg noj - nws muaj cov organic txaus hauv mulch.
khaws txiv hmab txiv ntoo
Yog tias koj xav khaws cov txiv apples tshiab, ces koj yuav tsum siv lub thawv ntoo rau qhov no. Cov thawv nrog txiv hmab txiv ntoo muab tso rau hauv ib chav txias (hauv qab daus, cellar).
Freshness yog tsob txiv apple uas tsis tshua muaj mob. Vim lub xub ntiag ntawm Vf noob, nws tsis raug rau cov kab mob fungal, ntxiv rau, nws qib ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob yog siab heev. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntoo no kuj tuaj yeem raug cov kab mob xws li kab mob hlawv, mob qog noj ntshav dub. Yuav ua li cas nrog lawv? Wb tham txog qhov no kom ntxaws ntxiv.
Bacterial burn
Tej zaum yog vim kev saib xyuas tsis raug. Lub ntsiab txhais ntawm kev sib ntaus nws yog tshuaj tua kab mob thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm foci ntawm tus kab mob.
Dub Cancer
Raws li txoj cai, nws loj hlob ntawm tsob ntoo hluas. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob kis tus kab mob no mus rau qhov chaw. Kev tiv thaiv zoo ntawm tus kab mob yog daim ntawv thov ntawm potash chiv.
Ib yam mob sib npaug sib npaug yog pom cov kab tsuag ntawm tsob txiv apple.
- Yog tias tsob ntoo raug aphid ntsuab, nws yuav tsum kho tsob ntoo nrog dandelion infusion.
- Thaum cov kua npauj tshwm, siv cov tshuaj chlorophos - qhov no tsuas yog ib qho tshuaj uas tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov kab no ntawm tsob ntoo txiv apple.
- Nitrofen tshuaj yuav pab koj tshem tawm cov nplooj ntawv.
Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws
Raws li cov neeg yug tsiaj thiabpaub gardeners, indisputable zoo ntawm cov txiv apples Freshness yog tsis kam mus rau tsib haiv neeg ntawm scab ntawm nplooj thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov zoo muaj xws li lig ripening, siab yields, muaj peev xwm ntawm lub sij hawm ntev cia ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo (mus txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav) thiab siab coj mus muag yam ntxwv.
Apple Freshness: tshuaj xyuas
Txawm hais tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm ntau yam tshiab thiab hybrids tsis ntev los no, cov neeg paub txog cov neeg ua teb txuas ntxiv cog cov ntoo uas tau sim sijhawm nrog kev txaus siab. Lawv piav qhia lawv txoj kev xaiv los ntawm qhov yooj yim ntawm kev saib xyuas cov nroj tsuag, siab yields. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj ib tug qab ntxiag saj, heev muaj kua thiab fragrant. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv ua cov jams thiab jams zoo kawg. Tsuas yog cov lus qhia rau cov neeg pib ua teb los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij: cog Freshness ntawm ib sab ntawm cov txiv apples ntawm lwm yam kom zoo dua pollination.
