Dhau li ntawm kev yuav khoom hauv khw, muaj lwm txoj hauv kev los kho koj lub vaj paj nrog xws li cov nroj tsuag kim heev li orchid - luam tawm. Cov duab ntawm qee qhov kev xaiv kom tau txais lwm lub orchid los ntawm ib qho uas twb muaj lawm yuav pab koj muab txoj kev xav rau hauv kev xyaum.
Muaj ntau ntau txoj hauv kev los nthuav tawm orchids. Feem ntau, lawv tau muab faib ua ob pawg loj - generative (los ntawm noob) thiab vegetative (los ntawm ib feem ntawm cov nroj tsuag) txoj kev. Generative - qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws los siv hauv tsev. Txoj kev cog qoob loo tuaj yeem sawv cev los ntawm kev yug meristem (kev faib cov rhizome, jigging ntawm qhov muag teev) lossis kev sib cais ntawm cov meristem (cov menyuam yaus). Yuav kom paub seb lub orchid uas koj muaj propagates li cas, koj yuav tsum xub txiav txim siab seb hom orchid koj muaj. Sympodial orchids - cattleyas (sib txawv hybrid daim ntawv), dendrobiums (xws li hybrids nrog phalaenopsis - dendrobium-phalaenopsis) tuaj yeem tau los ntawm kev faib cov rhizome lossis jigging lub noob. Lycasts thiab orchids ntawm pawg odontocidium (oncidiums, miltonias, cumbria, odontoglossums, degamoars, beallars), nrog rau cov orchids muaj nuj nqis, kuj tseem yug me nyuam. Orchids ntawm pawg monopodial (phalaenopsis, vandas, ascocends,shenorhis thiab asconopsis) tsis tuaj yeem nthuav tawm los ntawm kev faib cov rhizome, vim lawv tsuas tsis muaj nws. Lawv tau txais los ntawm cov noob los yog cov menyuam yaus. Ua ntej, xav txog txoj kev yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm kev cog qoob loo.
Meristem reproduction
Nrog kev pab ntawm rhizome faib, yuav ua li cas ib orchid reproduces, daim duab qhia meej meej. Tom qab txiav lub Cattleya rhizome nrog ib tug ntse riam, nws yog tsim nyog los cia cov txiav kom qhuav. Tom qab ntawd, tau kho qhov qhib "qhov txhab" nrog charcoal, koj tuaj yeem cog cov Cattleya Bush faib rau hauv cov lauj kaub sib txawv. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum cog orchids (ib yam dab tsi) yog li ntawd ib feem ntawm qia (rau Cattleyas nws yog rhizome, rau phalaenopsis nws yog caj dab, rau odotoncidiums nws yog hauv qab ntawm qhov muag teev), los ntawm cov hauv paus hniav tuaj, tsis yog. muab faus rau hauv av. Txwv tsis pub, koj tuaj yeem yooj yim nco qhov pib ntawm kev lwj ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Yuav kom faib cov cattleya lossis lycasta hav txwv yeem, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog uas txhua ib nrab muaj tsawg kawg yog 3-4 qhov muag teev. Txwv tsis pub, flowering yuav siv sij hawm ntev.
Nrog kev pab ntawm jigging stepchildren, yuav ua li cas ib orchid propagates yog qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab no. Yeej, nyob rau hauv no txoj kev - los ntawm stepsoning - phalaenopsis yog propagated. Cov menyuam mos tuaj yeem tshwm sim tsis tsuas yog ntawm peduncles, tab sis kuj tsim rau ntawm caj dab - ob qho tib si ze ntawm cov hauv paus hniav thiab nruab nrab ntawm nplooj. Ntawm chav kawm, nyob rau hauv qhov thib ob rooj plaub, tsuas yog tus tub xeeb ntxwv uas tau tshwm sim ntawm cov hauv paus hniav thiab twb tau noj hauv paus nws tus kheej tuaj yeem cog. Txwv tsis pub, koj yuav rhuav tshem niam tsob ntoo. Qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws hauv kev siv cov qauv no ntawm kev yug me nyuam yog ua kom phalaenopsisstepchildren (muab me nyuam). Feem ntau, phalaenopsis pib muab cov menyuam mos los ntawm qia (caj dab) yog tias lawv qhov chaw loj hlob, nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov nroj tsuag, tuag. Koj tuaj yeem yuam phalaenopsis muab tus menyuam rau ntawm peduncle raws li hauv qab no:
- tshem tawm phosphorus-potassium Cheebtsam los ntawm hnav khaub ncaws thiab pub tsuas yog nrog nitrogen chiv;
- nthuav tawm cov kab nyob ntawm lub peduncle nrog cytokinin muab tshuaj. Tus me nyuam uas tshwm sim tuaj yeem lubricated nrog cov hauv paus hniav lossis heteroauxin rau kev tsim cov cag sai tshaj plaws. Thaum cov hauv paus hniav ntawm cov nroj tsuag yug tshiab ncav cuag 5-6 cm, tus tub xeeb ntxwv, ua ke nrog ib daim ntawm peduncle, yuav tsum tau txiav tawm thiab ua tib zoo cog rau hauv lub lauj kaub me me. 200ml lossis 500ml yas khob yog qhov zoo rau qhov no.
Qee phalaenopsis loj hlob zoo ntawm lawv tus kheej - tsis muaj kev ntsuas saum toj no. Lwm tus tsis tuaj yeem yuam kom "muab" rau cov menyuam yaus, ua txhua yam ua tau rau qhov no. Yog tias koj tuaj hla xws li "cov qauv nyuaj", sim ua cov txheej txheem generative noob propagation.
Lub orchid propagate los ntawm noob li cas? Cov lus teb yog yooj yim: nyob hauv tsev nws nyuaj heev. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv cov txheej txheem no yog sterility. Yog tias koj yog ib tus neeg txawj ntse lossis kws kho mob uas tau siv los soj ntsuam kev tsis muaj menyuam, koj tuaj yeem sim. Nrog rau txoj kev no, cov noob orchid (uas yog cov hmoov me tshaj plaws) tau muab tso rau ntawm qhov nruab nrab tsis muaj zaub mov, cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov dej, agar-agar thiab kab kawm. Cov noob ntawm cov nroj tsuag ua ntej cog rau ntawm qhov nruab nrab nutrient yuav tsum tauua kom tsis muaj menyuam. Thiab cov txheej txheem cog nws tus kheej yuav tsum tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tsis muaj menyuam - qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav ntawm chav dej, kom cov kab mob me tshaj plaws nyob hauv huab cua tsis nkag mus rau hauv lub khob nrog rau cov noob, qhov twg cov orchids yug tshiab yuav hatch thiab loj hlob. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum khaws cov hlab ntsha nrog cov yub hauv qab illumination rau 12-14 teev hauv ib hnub - raws li, yuav tsum muaj teeb pom kev ntxiv nrog cov teeb. Ib xyoos tom qab sowing, cov nroj tsuag me me raug xa mus rau qhov chaw tsis muaj menyuam yaus, tseem muab lawv nrog tsev cog khoom. Orchids loj hlob los ntawm cov noob tawg hauv li 4-5 xyoos.
