Tus neeg tsim tawm feem ntau siv lub hauv paus txhim khu kev qha thiab pheej yig. Dab tsi yog vim li cas rau nws cov koob meej? Tus qauv ntawm lub hauv paus ntiav yog dab tsi? Puas yog nws nyuaj los tsim nws ib leeg? Cov no thiab lwm cov lus nug tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim kho yuav raug teb.
cov ntaub ntawv dav dav
Lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev yuav tsum muaj zog thiab ua kom ruaj khov. Yog li ntawd, nws yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo kom paub koj tus kheej nrog cov kev cai yooj yim rau kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab xaiv, nyob ntawm qhov kev ntsuas geodetic, qhov kev xaiv tsim zoo tshaj plaws.
Rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub hauv paus thiab nws daim ntawv thov hauv kev tsim kho
Kev xam lub hauv paus ntiav tsis yog ib txoj haujlwm nyuaj. Nws yog ib txwm nyob me ntsis saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm cov av (nyob ntawm lub latitude, nws yog feem ntau 1-1.5 meters). Txhawm rau txhim kho lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum khawb me me trench, tshem tawm cov txheej saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm cov av. Qhov twglub hauv paus ntiav yuav tsum tau so rau hauv av. Txawm hais tias feem ntau hauv av hauv qab lub tsev yuav nquag txav mus los, kev ruaj ntseg rau cov teeb pom kev zoo yuav ua kom ntseeg tau. Lub tswv yim ntawm lub hauv paus no yog ua raws li ob lub hauv paus ntsiab lus:
- Lub hauv paus quab yuam yog sib npaug.
- Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov hnyav yog txo.
Yuav kom ua tiav qhov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws vim qhov loj ntawm lub tsev, yuav tsum ua kom muaj kev suav tseeb. Nws yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account lub fact tias kev siv ntawm xws li ib tug qauv yog suav hais tias yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev tsim kho ntawm thav duab thiab ntoo tsev. Nws tsis pom zoo kom tsim cov tsev loj rau nws vim nws tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv. Qhov tseeb yog tias lub hauv paus yog nyob rau ntawm ib tug tsis heev compacted av txheej, uas muaj ib tug me me bearing peev xwm. Hauv kev tsim kho, cib thiab pob zeb yog siv, uas yog ntxiv dag zog. Qhov txiaj ntsig tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm cov ntawv sau ntiav ntiav yog kev txuag nyiaj hauv tsev.
Dab tsi yog lub hauv paus?
Kev siv tshuab yog nyob ntawm hom av:
- Strip foundation. Nws yog ib txoj hlua uas tau muab tso rau ntawm lub contour ntawm lub tsev. Qhov kev xaiv no yog tsim los ntawm cov av ntawm nruab nrab antinode thiab nrog cov dej hauv av qis. Nws yog complemented los ntawm ib tug reinforcing thav duab, uas yog siv steel tuav thiab nyob ntawm tej. Qhov tob ntawm lub bookmark rau nws yog ib nrab ib 'meter'. Qhov zoo ntawm qhov kev xaiv no yog kev lag luam, kev ua haujlwm hnyav hnyav, kev siv zog tsawg.
- Slab foundation. Nws yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau cov av tsis ruaj khov. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog hais tias muaj ib tug monolithic slab tso cai rau nws mus "float" nrog cov av thaum lub sij hawm off-lub caij kub hloov pauv. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yog tsim nyog los khawb ib lub qhov tob ib nrab ib 'meter' tob. Ib txheej ntawm xuab zeb nees nkaum centimeters yog poured, ces tib tus nqi ntawm rubble. Txhim kho mesh yog pw. Tag nrho cov no yog poured nrog pob zeb. Lub thickness ntawm lub slab nyob ntawm qhov kwv yees qhov hnyav ntawm lub tsev.
- Shallow columnar foundation. Nws yog siv rau cov av uas tsis yog- thiab me ntsis heaving av rau kev tsim kho ntawm outbuildings thiab me me vaj huam sib luag tsev. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov project no yog nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb hais tias cov tsev ua los ntawm cov ntoo thiab cov log loj loj tau muab tso rau ntawm tus ncej. Lawv raug ntsia rau ntawm qhov chaw pob zeb. Qhov kev xaiv no yog Frost-resistant, tsis xav tau kev txhawb zog ntau thiab yog tsim los sai. Tab sis nws tsis haum rau cov av xoob, thiab kev kho yog teeb meem heev. Cov ncej yog ua los ntawm cib lossis pob zeb thiab ntsia ntawm qhov deb li ntawm ob meters ntawm lawv. Qhov ntev ntawm lub pits rau lawv yog xaiv 50 (40) x 50 (40) centimeters, ncuav ib txheej ntawm crushed pob zeb 10 cm hauv qab no.
Yuav ua li cas av nplaum thiab dav dav?
Thaum lub qhov khawb, cov lus nug no tshwm sim. Tom qab tag nrho, yog tias lub hauv paus ntiav yog tsim rau lub tsev, ces nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas nws ua nws txoj hauj lwm zoo. Ntawm av nplaum nws yog qhov zoo dua los tsim ib lub hauv paus sawb. Qhov kev xaiv no yog qhov tsim nyog vim tias nws txuas nrog hauv ib lub qauv thiab tso cai rau koj rov faib cov khoom tsis sib xws thiab tawg ua rau deformations ntawm cov av nplaum hnyav hnyav thoob plaws hauv cov qauv. Tab sis yog hais tias cov lus nug yog hais txog ntau yam thiab kev cia siab rau, ces nws yog zoo dua mus tsom rau ib tug monolithic.lub hauv paus ua los ntawm cov pob zeb muaj zog.
Yuav ua li cas txhua yam?
Ua ntej tshaj, muaj qhov tsim ntawm cov hauv paus ntiav. Ntau cov lus nug yuav tsum tau teb. Cov txheej txheem tsim yog raws li hauv qab no:
- Kev ntsuas geodetic ntawm lub xaib tau ua tiav, nrog rau nws txoj kev npaj.
- Av raug tshem tawm.
- pob zeb thiab xuab zeb nchuav, ces lawv rammed.
- Cov ntawv raug teeb tsa.
- Siv qhov cuab lub zog rau knitting.
- pob zeb tawg.
- Formwork raug tshem tawm.
Tsis txhob tso tseg hauv ncoo hauv daim ntawv ntawm gravelly xuab zeb, slag lossis pob zeb zoo. Lawv txoj haujlwm yog txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txo qhov deformation ntawm lub hauv paus.
About waterproofing
Vim qhov tob yog qhov ntiav, yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kom tsis txhob ya raws los ntawm kev nkag mus. Tom qab tag nrho, lub hauv paus yuav tas li nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm yaj thiab dej hauv av, nrog rau nag lossis daus. Tsis tas li ntawd, noo noo txhawb kev txhim kho corrosion ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntxiv thiab tawg ntawm pob zeb. Muaj plaub txoj hauv kev los tiv thaiv qhov no:
- Smear. Nws implies siv mastic los yog kub bitumen. Yog qhov kev xaiv pheej yig tshaj.
- Muab tshuaj txhuam. Nws txhais tau hais tias kev siv cov khoom siv dej tsis zoo xws li iav isol, cov khoom siv vov tsev, cov khoom siv iav vov tsev. Lawv yog glued los yog fused. Fastened los ntawm sab hauv ntawm lub formwork. Tom qab nws tshem tawm, lawv nyob twj ywm ntawm lub hauv paus phab ntsa. Muaj tseeb, lawv lub neej ua haujlwm luv luv - tsuas yog tsib lossis rau xyoo xwb. Yog li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv txhim khu kev qha thiab ruaj khov yog feem ntau siv, xws li stabilized polyethylene lossis PVC compound. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm lawv yog glued nrog dav nplooj ntawv. Thaum qhov kub thiab txias tshwm sim los nag lossis nag tshwm sim, cov nplooj ntawv elastic yog deformed, tom qab ntawd lawv tawm. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tsis cuam tshuam rau kev ncaj ncees ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev.
- Combined version. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, qhov chaw yog thawj coated nrog mastic, thiab ces yob cov ntaub ntawv yog mounted rau nws. Yog xaiv ib kab hauv paus, ces cov kab yuav npog los ntawm theem av mus rau hauv ncoo.
- Kev nkag mus. Pom tias vam meej. Nws implies qhov sib ntxiv ntawm tshwj xeeb additives rau pob zeb, uas yuav ua rau kom cov dej tsis kam ntawm cov qauv. Ib qho piv txwv yog Aquatron, Kalmatron, Penetron. Ua tsaug rau cov khoom tshiab, lub qhov cua tuaj yeem ua rau hauv lub hauv paus tiav yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam cov dej tsis zoo.
Kuv yuav ua li cas thiaj ua kom cov dej noo ntxiv?
Yog tias koj tab tom tsim lub hauv paus ntiav nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes thiab tsis muaj nyiaj txiag tseem ceeb, ces muaj ob peb lub sijhawm ntxiv los txo cov teebmeem ntawm cov dej yaj thiab nag lossis daus. Dab tsi yuav tsum tau ua rau qhov no? Ua ntej tshaj plaws, koj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas cov kua dej thiab cov kua dej. Kev saib xyuas yuav tsum tau ua kom ntseeg tau tias lawv hloov cov kua dej kom deb li deb tau ntawm cov qauv. Thiab kom cov dej tsis ntws hauv qab lub tsev, qhov chaw dig muag yuav tsum tau ua nrog txoj kab nqes.
About the possibilities of aerated concrete
Xaiv yam twg, yog tias muajav tsis ruaj tsis khov thiab nyiaj txiag ntau? Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, koj yuav tsum xav txog ib qho kev xaiv zoo, uas yog lub hauv paus ntiav rau lub tsev ua los ntawm cov pob zeb aerated, ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug monolithic slab. Qhov kev xaiv no haum rau txhua qhov av. Nws yuav txo qhov shrinkage ntawm lub tsev. Qhov no yog lub hauv paus zoo ntiav. Loj heev yuav tsis muaj peev xwm thuam nws. Tab sis muaj qee qhov downsides ntawm no. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tus nqi. Nws yuav nyuaj ua kom tiav ib qhov project nrog koj tus kheej tes. Yog li, koj yuav tsum tau khawb ib lub qhov, thiab rau qhov no tej zaum koj yuav xav tau ib lub bulldozer. Tsis tas li ntawd, aerated qhob yog qhov tshwj xeeb. Yog li ntawd, nws yog advisable mus yuav los ntawm lub Hoobkas thiab nruab sai sai. Thiab tam sim no cia peb saib ze dua ntawm cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm. Txawm hais tias nws cov txiaj ntsig zoo, nws crumbles yooj yim heev. Yog li ntawd, nws yog tsim nyog los xam tag nrho cov nuances ntawm kev siv thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, ntxiv dag zog rau nws.
Npaj ua haujlwm
Cia hais tias peb xav tau lub hauv paus ntiav ntawm heaving av ntawm mediocre tsis. Thiab koj yuav tsum pib tsim kho nrog kev npaj ua haujlwm. Thaum pib, koj yuav tsum tau kos lub xaib thiab tshem tawm cov nyom, khib nyiab, thiab lwm yam. Ces lub ntiaj teb raug khawb. Cov phab ntsa thiab hauv qab yog sib npaug. Tab sis hauv qab yog ntim nrog coarse xuab zeb (los yog lwm yam los ntawm cov teev ua ntej). Xws li lub hauv ncoo theem av. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj tuaj yeem ncuav nws nrog dej thiab tom qab ntawd tamp nws zoo. Peb yuav tsum tau ib tug khoom thiab txawm nto. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov kua dej tawm, polyethylene muab tso rau hauv qab.
Yuav kom lub hauv paus txhim khu kev qha thiab ruaj khov, nws yuav tsum tau ntxiv nrog cov khoom siv hlau. Rau qhov no, rods nrog ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm ib centimeter yog zoo haum. Kev txhawb zog tuaj yeem yog kab rov tav lossis ntsug. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj tuaj yeem khi nrog hlau los yog weld. Thiab tam sim no rau lub filling. Ua ntej koj pib ua nws, koj yuav tsum tau nruab lub formwork rau hauv qab daus ntawm lub hauv paus. Yuav kom tswj tau cov duab ntawm cov phab ntsa zoo dua, nws yog qhov zoo dua los tso nws tsis nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb, tab sis nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub trench. Raws li formwork, koj tuaj yeem siv cov laug cam, chipboard lossis lwm yam khoom siv uas yuav tso cai rau koj los tsim cov qauv tsim nyog. Rau qhov no, kev txhawb nqa nrog struts yog siv. Yuav ua li cas sau? Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj tuaj yeem siv cov algorithm hauv qab no:
- Tshuaj mortar. Ua raws li lub luag haujlwm no, vim tias qhov zoo ntawm lub hauv paus yuav nyob ntawm nws. Koj tuaj yeem noj cov ntawv qhia nram qab no: cement M400, xuab zeb thiab gravel yog coj mus rau hauv qhov sib piv ntawm 1: 3: 5. Cov khoom xyaw qhuav yog tov ua ntej. Tom qab ntawd dej maj mam ntxiv thiab sib tov. Cov tshuaj yuav tsum yog viscous.
- Tom qab ntawd, qhov ntim nws tus kheej yog nqa tawm. Cov txheej txheem yuav tsum ua kom tiav hauv ib qho mus. Tab sis qhov no yog qhov teeb meem heev, yog li kev saib xyuas yuav tsum tau ua kom cov txheej txheem tom ntej yog nchuav ua ntej yav dhau los hardens. Nyob rau hauv parallel, koj yuav tsum tamp qhov sib tov.
- Thaum lub pob zeb tau nchuav lawm, txoj haujlwm yuav tsum nres. Tom qab cov tshuaj tau teem tseg, nws yuav tsum tau them nrog yas qhwv. Txhawm rau kom qhov sib tov kom qhuav sib npaug, qhov saum npoo yuav tsum tau moistened nrog dej rau thawj ob peb hnub.ob zaug ib hnub.
- Yog tias tsim nyog, luas sab saum toj tom qab ziab.
Zoo kawg
Ua lub hauv paus ntiav yog ib qho yooj yim. Tab sis txhawm rau kom tsis txhob poob siab, thawj zaug nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los suav txhua yam uas ua tau: ntau npaum li cas xuab zeb, pob zeb crushed, cement yog xav tau. Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them rau cov dej ntau: nco ntsoov, yog tias qhov sib tov qhuav dhau lawm, qhov no yooj yim kho. Kev daws cov kua dej yog qhov nyuaj dua. Yog li ntawd, ceev faj thiab tau txais cov kua nplaum sib tov.
