Kev tsim kho tus kheej siv cov pob zeb ua npuas ncauj tau nce lub zog. Cov khoom siv no muaj ntau yam zoo, xws li qhov hnyav thiab tus nqi pheej yig. Cov pob zeb ua npuas ncauj muaj lub suab zoo heev thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov cua sov, qhov loj me thiab tuaj yeem txo lub sijhawm tsim kho.
Raws li ntim, ib yam khoom zoo li no sib npaug 18 cib, uas txuag sijhawm thiab nyiaj txiag rau kev tsim lub tsev. Ua Npuas Ncauj Blocks yog ib qho yooj yim rau txheej txheem, lawv tuaj yeem sawn nrog lub hacksaw tsis tu ncua, ntsia hlau rau hauv lawv nrog tus kheej tapping screws, uas tau kho zoo hauv cov khoom no.
Rau kev tsim kho, nws yog qhov zoo dua los xaiv cov npuas npuas uas tsis muaj roj stains thiab qhov tsis xws luag ntawm qhov chaw, cov khoom yuav tsum zoo ib yam. Thaum xaiv cov khoom, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account nws cov kev xav tau ntawm kev ua haujlwm, suav nrog kev siv cov blocks nrog qee qhov tsis zoo rau kev tsim kho ntawm sab hauv partitions, load-bearing thiab sab nrauv phab ntsa. Hauv thawj kis, cov blocks yuav tsum muaj cov khoom lag luam nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm D 100 txog D 400, thiab tag nrho qhov ntev yuav tsum sib npaug.100 x 300 x 600 mm.
Raws li cov phab ntsa load-bearing, lub hom tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm D 600 txog D 1000. Tag nrho qhov ntev yog 200 x 300 x 600 mm. Thaum tsim cov phab ntsa sab nrauv nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj lub caij ntuj no ntev, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob insulating nrog cov cim npe nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm D 600 txog D 900 yuav tsum tau siv.
Tsim
Koj tuaj yeem ua ib qhov haujlwm ntawm lub tsev los ntawm cov npuas npuas nrog koj tus kheej tes. Tab sis nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv cov kev paub ntawm cov kws tshaj lij hauv daim teb no. Yog hais tias qhov dav thiab ntev yog 9 thiab 11 m, raws li, nyob rau hauv pem teb muaj peev xwm ua tau: chav ua noj, chav noj mov, chav dej, chav tsev, vestibule, lub sam thiaj, chav nyob thiab veranda. Thaj tsam tom kawg tuaj yeem yog 15.6 m2. Chav noj mov yuav siv 18 m2, thaum chav nyob yuav siv 29.1 m2. Lub tsev, chav dej thiab chav ua noj yuav muaj 18, 2, 3, 7, 11, 8 m2. Ib lub tsev zoo li no tuaj yeem muaj ob lub porches, thaj tsam ntawm txhua qhov yog 10.7 thiab 5.8 m2.
Kev xaiv lub hauv paus
Feem ntau, kev tsim qis qis siv lub hauv paus pob zeb ua kom muaj zog, uas muab kev txhawb nqa zoo rau cov tsev loj nrog ntau lub tsev. Cov npoo ntawm kev nyab xeeb no ntau dhau rau cov npuas npuas thiab xav tau cov nqi siab. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias koj yuav tsum txav deb ntawm cov qauv thiab xaiv hom qis dua ntawm lub hauv paus.
Yog koj txiav txim siab ua tsev los ntawmua-nws-koj tus kheej ua npuas ncauj blocks, thiab ntawm thaj chaw ntawm swampy av los yog cov av ntub, nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv lub hauv paus slab. Nws yuav muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv lub tsev los ntawm lub caij nyoog hauv av txav los ntawm khov thiab thawing. Xws li lub hauv paus yuav raug nqi ntau dua. Rau ib lub tsev ib-zaj dab neeg, ib qho kev xaiv tsim nyog yuav yog lub hauv paus tsim los ntawm kev siv pawg-kem technology. Nws ntseeg tau thiab pheej yig dua.
Kev tsim kho ntawm pawg-koom hauv lub hauv paus
Rau kev tsim kho ntawm pawg-kem hauv paus, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los npaj qhov chaw los ntawm kev tu thiab ua kom tiav. Ntxiv rau ntawm thaj chaw, kev kos npe ntawm cov chaw uas cov kev txhawb nqa yuav raug nyob. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ua raws li cov cai yuav tsum tau ua. Lawv muaj nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb hais tias cov ncej yuav tsum nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas cov phab ntsa sib tshuam nrog txhua lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kauj ruam ntawm pawg yuav tsum yog 2 m.
Screwing yog ua nyob rau hauv qhov chaw cim. Koj muaj peev xwm pre-dig recesses rau pouring reinforced pillars. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau mus tob dua los ntawm 2.5 m. Qhov kawg tus nqi yuav nyob ntawm qhov kev nyab xeeb. Nyob rau theem kawg, cov pawg thiab cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog ntxiv yog nchuav, uas yuav ua raws li qhov txuas. Phab ntsa tau muab tso rau ntawm nws. Cov hauv paus zoo kawg nkaus tiv taus cov khoom hnyav los ntawm cov tsev tsis hnyav dhau ib-zaj dab neeg, thiab kuj tiv taus cov av txav raws caij nyoog.
phab ntsa
Ua ntej koj pib tsim lub tsev ua npuas ncauj nrog koj tus kheejob txhais tes, cov lus qhia step-by-step yuav tsum xub kawm. Kev tso cov phab ntsa pib los ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub hauv paus, vim nws tsis tshua muaj qhov ua kom zoo txawm tias. Hauv qhov no, koj tuaj yeem ntsuas lub dav hlau ntawm kab nrog ib lub mortar. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev no yuav tsum tsis txhob raug tsim txom, txij li cov yam ntxwv kawg ntawm lub tsev yuav nyob ntawm qhov tuab ntawm cov seams. Qhov qis dua tus nqi no, lub tsev yuav siv tau ntau dua, thiab tus nqi ntawm kev tsim kho yuav txo qis, nrog rau cov cua sov poob thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev sib cuag ntawm cov npuas npuas nrog cov dej noo nce hauv av, yuav tsum tau muab cov txheej txheem dej tsis zoo rau ntawm lub hauv paus. Ib txheej nyias ntawm cov cement mortar yog faib thoob plaws thaj tsam ntawm lub hauv paus, ntawm cov khoom siv vov tsev. Thaum stacking cov ntawv, xyuas kom meej tias muaj qhov sib tshooj ntawm 100 mm lossis ntau dua.
Yog tias koj xav tsim lub tsev los ntawm cov npuas npuas nrog koj tus kheej tes, ces koj yuav tsum paub koj tus kheej nrog cov txheej txheem tsim cov phab ntsa. Koj yuav tsum pib ntawm lub ces kaum. Thawj cov khoom yuav tsum tau muab faib ua kab rov tav, rau qhov no siv cov roj hmab mallet thiab qib. Cov ces kaum kab nce tsib blocks siab, ces sau rau hauv qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm lawv.
Thaum koj tau ua tiav qhov kev tso ntawm thawj kab thiab ua raws li lub qab ntug, koj tuaj yeem pib tsim cov phab ntsa sab hauv thiab cov kabmob, siv qhov project thiab saib rov qab ntawm qhov chaw qhib. Nws tseem ceeb heev kom paub qhov twg cov kab sib txuas lus yuav khiav mus. Rau lawv tso rau hauv blocks ntawm cellular pob zeb, tsim nyog recesses los yog qhov.
Cov khoom lag luam yooj yim ua, yog li uanws yuav tsis nyuaj. Ua ntej yuav pib nrog kev tsim cov ru tsev, cov phab ntsa yuav tsum tau txuas nrog ib qho kev siv zog ua kom muaj zog ntxiv. Nws yuav txuas rau sab sauv ntawm phab ntsa, ua rau nws monolithic. Cov khoom tawg txawm tias qhov tawg tshwm sim. Txhawm rau txhim kho Mauerlat nyob rau sab sauv ntawm phab ntsa, thauj tog rau nkoj bolts tau muab tso rau hauv txoj siv hlua khi. Thaum tsim lub tsev los ntawm kev ua npuas ncauj nrog koj tus kheej tes, koj yuav tsum xav txog txhua kauj ruam.
Txoj kev ntawm lub ru tsev ntaus ntawv
Thaum cov pob zeb nce zog, koj tuaj yeem pib ua haujlwm ntawm lub ru tsev. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, Mauerlat raug teeb tsa raws li thaj tsam ntawm cov phab ntsa uas muaj cov kabmob. Anchors yog siv nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem. Koj tuaj yeem sib sau ua ke rafter system los ntawm kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem rafters. Rafter ob txhais ceg raug txiav rau hauv Mauerlat. Ib tug ntoo crate yog tsau rau lawv.
Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub ru tsev ncuav qab zib yog nruab nrog cov kev xaiv xaiv. Yog tias koj yuav cov shingles, ces cov ntawv OSB yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm lub crate los tsim lub hauv paus tsis muaj qhov qhib thiab qhov qhib. Rau cov vuas hlau, ondulin thiab corrugated board, koj yuav tsis xav tau lwm yam tshaj li lub crate. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm nws cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm 0.3 txog 0.5 m. Tus nqi kawg yuav nyob ntawm seb hom khoom siv vov tsev.
Thaum tsim lub tsev los ntawm kev ua npuas ncauj nrog koj tus kheej tes, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob xav txog tus naj npawb thiab cov duab ntawm txoj kab nqes, vim qhov no tsis muaj teeb meem rau cov tsev ib-zaj dab neeg. Koj tuaj yeem xaiv lub ru tsev ntawm koj qhov kev txiav txim siab. Lub ru tsev yuav tsum tsis txhob hnyav dhau, txwv tsis pub cov npuas npuas yuav maj mam tawg. Lub ru tsev yuav tsum muaj me mehnyav, yog li corrugated board feem ntau yog siv los ua khoom siv.
Txoj kev teeb tsa ntawm txoj kab nqes thiab overhangs
Thaum tsim lub ru tsev, lub kaum sab xis ntawm txoj kab nqes thiab cov truss ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Yog hais tias lub tsev yuav nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam uas muaj huab cua txias, qhov teeb meem no yuav tsum tau muab coj los xav ntau dua. Cov phab ntsa yuav ntsib qhov load tsawg dua, lub kaum sab xis ntawm cov rafters raug ntsia.
Mansard ru tsev installation
Tsa lub tsev los ntawm cov npuas npuas nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes, koj tuaj yeem ntxiv nws nrog lub ru tsev mansard. Rau rafters, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, square tuav nrog ib sab ntawm 10 mus rau 20 cm yog siv. Waterproofing yuav tsum nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub Mauerlat thiab cov phab ntsa.
Nws yog qhov zoo dua los ua kom cov txheej txheem txuas nrog cov hlua hlau. Ntoo rau cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tau qhuav zoo thiab kho nrog cov nplaim hluav taws, nrog rau cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Thaum xaiv ntoo, nws yog qhov zoo dua los muab kev nyiam rau hom coniferous, vim tias cov av noo ntawm lawv yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws.
Waterproofing, installation ntawm Mauerlat thiab installation ntawm truss system
Thaum tsim lub ru tsev ntawm lub tsev los ntawm cov npuas npuas nrog koj tus kheej tes, koj tuaj yeem siv cov khoom siv vov tsev zoo tib yam li cov dej tsis sib haum ntawm Mauerlat thiab phab ntsa. Cov txheej yuav tsum nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm cov phab ntsa, nws tsis yog yuav tsum tau kho nws. Mauerlat yog ntoo beam tsau raws ib puag ncig ntawm phab ntsa. Nws yog ntxiv dag zog nrog thauj tog rau nkoj bolts, lawv txoj kab uas hla yuav tsum yog12mm los yog ntau tshaj. Lub qhov yog pre-drilled nyob rau hauv lawv. Qhov kawg ntawm cov anchors yog khoov rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tus nuv kom tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob rub tawm ntxiv. Ntawm kev muag khoom koj tuaj yeem nrhiav anchors nrog lub tshuab spacer. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm fasteners yog 15 cm.
Cov ntsiab lus txuas - ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm cov ceg rafter. Yog tias koj xav tsim lub tsev los ntawm kev ua npuas ncauj nrog koj tus kheej tes yam tsis muaj kev paub dhau los, koj yuav tsum tau nyeem cov lus pom zoo ntawm cov kws tshaj lij. Lawv hais tias lub ru tsev mansard tuaj yeem muaj ob txoj kab nqes. Hauv qhov no, koj yuav xav tau ob Mauerlat. Ib qho square bar nrog ib sab ntawm 15 lossis 20 cm tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom no.
Cov pob txha ntawm lub ru tsev yog lub kaw lus truss. Tag nrho cov loads xws li nag thiab cua poob rau nws. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv larch lossis ntoo thuv, qhov av ntawm txhua qhov yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 23%. Txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov tsis zoo tshwm sim los ntawm kev yug me nyuam ntawm cov kab mob, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau impregnate ntoo.
Thaum xaiv cov rafters, koj yuav tsum tau xyuam xim rau qhov tseeb tias lawv yog txheej thiab dai. Yog tias qhov ntev ntawm cov phab ntsa tsis tshaj 6 m, ces cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem siv tau. Thaum qhov ncua sij hawm ntev li ob zaug, cov txheej txheej tsuas yog siv yog tias muaj kev txhawb nqa ntxiv.
Cov rafters yog tsim nyog yog tias qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov phab ntsa nce mus txog 12 m. Kev teeb tsa kev txhawb nqa ntxiv tsis tau muab. Thaum tsim ib lub tsev los ntawm ua npuas ncauj blocks nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes, koj yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account tias qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub rafters yog 60 cm. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ntseeg tau tias muaj qhovrau qhov rais installation. Cov tuav rau lub rafter ob txhais ceg yuav muaj ib tug square seem nrog ib sab ntawm 10 cm. Qhov ntev yuav txiav txim tau mus rau hauv tus account qhov nqes hav ntawm txoj kab nqes thiab qhov ntev ntawm lub tsev.
Kev tsim lub tsev los ntawm cov npuas npuas nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes suav nrog kev teeb tsa cov kab teeb hauv pem teb. Rau qhov no, lub rooj tsavxwm, ntoo thiab cav yuav siv tau. Thawj yog muab tso rau ntawm ntug. Ib qho kev ncua deb yuav tsum tau khaws cia nruab nrab ntawm cov kab teeb; cov ntsiab lus no tau nruab rau hauv cov grooves xaiv hauv cov phab ntsa. Lawv qhov kawg yog waterproofed nrog vov tsev cov ntaub ntawv, uas yog pw nyob rau hauv ob txheej. Tom qab nteg cov kab teeb, lawv tau txuas ntxiv nrog cov ntsia hlau thauj tog rau nkoj.
Txoj kev txhim kho racks
Yog tias lub ru tsev yuav tsum tawg, ces ua ntej koj yuav tsum tsim cov racks. Lawv yuav nyob rau hauv vertically thiab yuav ua raws li ib tug ncej ntawm cov phab ntsa. Ua ntej koj pib tsim lub tsev los ntawm cov blocks ua npuas ncauj nrog koj tus kheej tes, koj yuav tsum tau kawm cov lus qhia step-by-step. Los ntawm nws koj tuaj yeem pom tias qhov siab ntawm racks yuav yog 2 meters lossis ntau dua. Tsuas yog tom qab ntawd nws yuav xis nyob hauv pem teb.
Kev teeb tsa ntsug racks yog nqa tawm hauv cov grooves ntawm cov kab teeb hauv pem teb. Ntxiv fixation yog muab los ntawm staples thiab hlau fab. Kev xaiv ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob yog ua raws li qhov ntev ntawm qhov span. Thawj tus nqi yuav yog 100 x 200 hli yog tias qhov ncua yog 4 m. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov kab teeb yog sib npaug li 0.6 m. Muaj cov kab hauv pem teb nruab nrab ntawm cov ncej.
U-shaped racks tau sib sau ua ke nrog cov kauj ruam dhau los. Rub cov hlua ntawm lawv thiab xyuas nws qib. Yog qhov siabyuav txawv, ces ib tug ntawm cov arches yuav tsum tau dismantled. Nws yog tom qab ntawd kho qhov siab. Cov racks txuas rau ib leeg los ntawm cov kab ntawm tib seem.
Yog tias koj xav ua ib lub tsev tawm ntawm cov npuas npuas nrog koj tus kheej tes, ces koj yuav tsum nug seb cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm li cas. Lub mortar txheej nyob rau hauv thawj block yuav nyias dua li nyob rau hauv cov khoom nyob rau hauv lwm cov ces kaum. Yog tias lub hauv paus txawm, ces qhov kev xaiv ntawm thawj lub ces kaum yog arbitrary. Corner ua npuas ncauj blocks yuav ua ib qho kev qhia rau kev ua haujlwm ntxiv. Cov khoom no yuav tsum protrude 50 mm saum lub plinth. Cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb yuav tsis suav nrog cov dej tsub zuj zuj ntawm cov dej ntws tsawg, uas txhais tau hais tias cov masonry hauv kab hauv qab yuav tsis raug puas tsuaj.
Cov tshuaj rau ntawm qhov chaw thaum tsim lub tsev los ntawm cov npuas npuas nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes yog siv nrog ib qho trowel lossis lub tsheb thauj khoom. Lub trowel kuj tuaj yeem siv tau, tab sis nws tsis tso cai rau koj kom muaj qee qhov tuab ntawm txheej txheej ntawm cov khoom sib tov, uas ua rau kev siv nyiaj ntau dhau thiab qhov pom ntawm thaj chaw uas tsis muaj mortar. Nyob rau hauv thawj kab, cov cement-xuab zeb sib tov yog tsim nyog siv, raws li nws tso cai rau koj mus rau theem qhov siab sib txawv vim ib tug denser txheej.
Daim ntawv thov ntawm masonry mortar yog nqa tawm ntawm kab rov tav ntawm kab thiab sab phab ntsa ntawm qhov thaiv. Qhov ntsug seam yog ntim nrog mortar. Yog tias qhov kev pom zoo no tsis quav ntsej, ces voids yuav tshwm sim hauv cov masonry. Yog li ntawd, cov dej noo yuav khaws cia hauv cov seam, thiab nyob rau hauv huab cua txias no nuance yuav ua rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub block.
Tus nqi tsev
Yog tias koj xav tsim lub tsev los ntawm cov npuas npuas nrog koj tus kheej tes, koj tuaj yeem ua nws pheej yig yog tias koj tsim ib lub tsev. Thaum nws ntsuas 9 x 11 m, nws tus nqi yog 1,690,000 rubles. Thaum qhov luaj li cas raug txo mus rau 6 x 9 m, tus nqi, feem, txo thiab ua sib npaug rau 990,000 rubles. Yog tias koj cov peev nyiaj tsawg dua, ces koj tuaj yeem them tsuas yog 680,000 rubles los ntawm kev tsim lub tsev me me nrog qhov ntev ntawm 6 x 6 m.
In xaus
Yog tias koj xav ua haujlwm koj tus kheej, tus nqi ntawm lub tsev ua npuas ncauj ntau npaum li cas, tau kawg, koj yuav tsum paub. Xws li lub tsev raug nqi nruab nrab ntawm 20% tsawg dua li lub tsev cib ntawm tib qhov loj. Ua npuas ncauj thaiv tsev tsis xav tau cov rwb thaiv tsev thermal ntxiv, uas tseem muab sijhawm rau txuag nyiaj.
Ua npuas ncauj blocks kuj zoo vim tias lawv tsis tas yuav siv nyiaj ntau dhau rau lawv txoj kev thauj mus los - ua ntej tshaj, qhov no cuam tshuam txog kev thauj khoom thiab thauj khoom. Koj tuaj yeem ua haujlwm li no ntawm koj tus kheej. Lub teeb yuag cellular pob zeb ua raws li lub tshav kub insulator, vim huab cua yog nyob rau hauv nws.
