Lub staircase tsis yog tsuas yog ib qho qauv rau kev mus xyuas hauv pem teb thib ob, tab sis kuj tseem muaj kev ua haujlwm ntxiv rau sab hauv. Tsim koj tus kheej tsis yog yooj yim, qhov no muaj ntau yam nta thiab nuances. Cov qauv tsim yuav tsum txhim khu kev qha thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm tag nrho raws li sab hauv. Ua ntej, cov khoom raug xaiv, qhov project yog tsim, thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd pib ua haujlwm.
Yog tias koj ua raws li cov lus qhia, koj yuav tsim ib lub staircase nrog koj tus kheej tes hauv lub sijhawm luv tshaj plaws. Tau paub qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev tsim kho, koj tuaj yeem mus ncaj qha rau kev lag luam. Ua tib zoo ua raws li tag nrho cov lus qhia thiab tsis txhob hla ib kauj ruam kom tsis txhob ua txhaum cov kev faib ua feem thiab kev ua haujlwm.
Yuav xaiv tus tsim li cas?
Yog li ntawd lub staircase ua los ntawm koj tus kheej txhais tes tsis ua rau koj poob siab tom qab, thawj theem, ib qhov project yog txiav txim siab. Hauv ib lub tsev ntiag tug, qhov no tuaj yeem yog qhov kev xaiv. Txawm hais tias ua-nws-koj tus kheej attic staircase tab tom ua, uas yuav tsis yogpom los ntawm sab nraud, koj kuj yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm tag nrho. Tsis yog txhua tus qauv yog nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim ntawm ib tug inexperienced tswv. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ntau ntau tus qauv tsim nyog:
- Single-march. Nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug ntaiv, cov kauj ruam yog tsau nyob rau hauv ib kab thiab mus rau ib tug tom qab lwm yam. Lawv yog cov yooj yim tshaj plaws, tab sis lawv yuav xav tau ntau qhov chaw dawb.
- Rotary. Lawv muaj ob peb kauj ruam winder - thiab qhov no hloov mus ua ib tug tig. Nws cov kev taw qhia raug xaiv, nyob ntawm qhov chaw.
- Ob lub Peb Hlis. Qhov zoo ntawm cov qauv zoo li no yog tias lawv tsis xav tau ntau qhov chaw dawb. Lawv yog ob txoj kev taug kev, uas yog kho los ntawm lub platform nrog tig ntawm 90 lossis 180 degrees. Txawm hais tias tseem muaj cov qauv ncaj qha (tab sis lawv tsis tshua siv hauv tsev ntiag tug, vim qhov no yuav tsum muaj chaw ntau dua).
- Ntsia. Haum txawm rau qhov chaw me me. Txawm hais tias tus tswv hais tias tus ntaiv no yuav tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab xis nyob dua li nws cov khub.
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, muaj ntau txoj kev xaiv, thiab nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev txiav txim siab seb qhov twg yog qhov zoo rau koj. Piv txwv li, yog tias lub staircase tau npaj nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws, txhim tsa nrog nws tus kheej tes, cov qauv ntsia hlau yuav tsim nyog. Tam sim no nws yog qhov tseeb tias ua ntej pib ua haujlwm nws tsim nyog xav txog txhua yam me me. Muaj tseeb tiag, muaj cov kws txawj ua txuj ci uas tau npaj los pab. Tab sis koj yuav tau them rau nws.
Cov khoom siv twg yog lawv tsim los ntawm?
DIY ntaiv tuaj yeem ua los ntawm ntau yam ntaub ntawv. Txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj nws tus yam ntxwv thiab kev pabcuam lub neej. Nov yog qee qhov kev xaiv los xaiv.
- Teeb. Qhov no yog cov khoom siv tshaj plaws thiab siv tau. Ntau yam kev xaiv yog siv - boards, cav, chopping blocks, thaum tseem muaj ntau lub sijhawm rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj. Xws li cov ntaiv tau ruaj khov, thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws coziness thiab kev nplij siab yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub tsev. Txawm hais tias tsis txhob hnov qab tias cov khoom no yog qhov cuam tshuam rau kev lwj. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho yooj yim kom tshem tawm xws li kev ntxhov siab: koj yuav tsum siv cov khoom siv kom qhuav, thiab tom qab kev teeb tsa, kho nws nrog cov khoom tsim nyog. Qhov no suav nrog cov kua roj vanish, tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab lwm yam.
- Metal. Kev tsim kho ntawm txhua qhov nyuaj yog tsim los ntawm nws. Yog li ntawd, lub staircase tsim nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes hloov mus ua kom zoo nkauj thiab muaj kuab heev. Thaum kawg ntawm kev ua haujlwm, koj tuaj yeem siv cov khoom sib txawv rau cladding, txawm hais tias muaj ntau cov qauv tsis hloov pauv. Qhov zoo nkauj tshaj plaws yog cov qauv forged, txawm tias cov ntaiv yog ua los ntawm cov hlau tsis zoo dua. Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv hlau yog kev sib dhos ntawm tag nrho cov khoom. Tsis muaj dab tsi ua tau yam tsis muaj lub tshuab vuam. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hlau muaj nws qhov tsis zoo, piv txwv li, nws tuaj yeem xeb. Vim li no, nyob rau theem kev npaj, koj yuav tsum xav txog txhua lub sijhawm thiab tshem tawm qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo.
- Kev sib tw. Ntau tus neeg xav tias qhov kev tsim no yog qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws. Tab sis xws li ib lub staircase rau hauv pem teb 2, ua nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes thiab xav kom zoo, yuav tig tawm kom ntseeg tau thiab ruaj khov. Ua ntej pib ua hauj lwm, koj yuav tau ua formwork. Nws yog qhov tseeb tias nws qhov zoo yuav nyob ntawm qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov pob zeb sib xyaw. Nws yog poured rau hauv lub formwork tsim thiab raug rau kev co. Yog tias qhov no tsis ua tiav, dhau sijhawm, pob zeb tuaj yeemvoids thiab kab nrib pleb tshwm. Tsis txhob hnov qab tias nws yuav siv sij hawm ntev kom qhuav qhov sau (tsawg kawg 30 hnub). Thiab qhov no yog qhov chaw ua haujlwm tiav. Xav txog tag nrho cov kev ntsuas no ntawm theem kev npaj.
Txhua tus neeg tuaj yeem tsim tus ntaiv thawj tiag tiag. Piv txwv li, siv ob peb yam khoom ib zaug hauv ib qho kev tsim. Yog li ntawd, staircase, ua kom txawj ntse thiab raug nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes, hloov tawm kom txaus nyiam heev. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem muab ntxiv nrog iav lossis ib yam dab tsi ntau dua qub. Hauv ib lo lus, muaj cov ntaub ntawv txaus, thiab txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj nws tus yam ntxwv thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa. Los ntawm kev ua raws li cov cai yooj yim thiab zam kev ua yuam kev, koj tuaj yeem tsim tus qauv txhim khu kev qha uas yuav kav ntev ntau xyoo.
Npaj ua haujlwm
Yog li, raws li tau hais ua ntej, tag nrho qhov project yuav tsum tau xav txog ua ntej. Koj yuav tsum ua kom tau qhov tseeb tshaj plaws - yog tsis muaj qhov no nws yuav tsis muaj peev xwm tsim cov staircase uas yuav tsum tau nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes, txawm nws yog ua los ntawm ntoo, hlau los yog pob zeb. Txhua tus tuaj yeem tsim ib qhov project thiab kos duab kos duab, paub txog qhov tsis sib xws yuav koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem.
Nyem xam xam
- siab. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ntsuas qhov kev ncua deb ntawm hauv pem teb mus rau lub qab nthab, nrog rau thawj kauj ruam. Xam lub hypotenuse - qhov ntev ntawm cov qauv. Kev ntsuas yuav tsum tau ua nrog qhov tseeb siab tshaj plaws, txwv tsis pub nws yuav tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov staircase txhim khu kev qha uas tuaj yeem nyob tau ntau xyoo.
- Tus lej ntawm cov kauj ruam yav tom ntej. Masters ntseeg tias qhov kev xaiv tsim nyog tshaj plaws yog tus lej khib. Hauv ib lub Peb Hlis yuav tsum tsis pub ntau tshaj 15yam. Cov no feem ntau lees txais cov cai, txawm hais tias qee zaum lawv raug ua txhaum cai, uas tuaj yeem ua rau tus qauv tsim tsis muaj kev ntseeg siab thiab ua tiav.
- Slope. Nws yog tseeb hais tias txhua lub staircase muaj nws tus kheej ntsuas - qhov no yog ib tug neeg mus kom ze. Ntawm no koj yuav tsum tau siv koj cov kev paub thiab suav cov sine ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm inclination (hauv 40 degrees). Txawm li cas los xij, cov kev suav yooj yim no tsim nyog kom tau txais ib lub staircase zoo nkauj raws li qhov tshwm sim.
- Dav. Cov parameter tuaj yeem yog txhua yam, tab sis tsis txhob hnov qab txog kev yooj yim. Qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws yog 80 centimeters, tab sis daim duab no tuaj yeem nce ntxiv, nyob ntawm tes tuav. Tsis txhob ua kom cov kauj ruam nqaim dhau. Qhov no txo qhov kev siv tau.
- Txoj kev tob. Nws yog qhov tseeb tias daim duab no yuav cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov loj ntawm ko taw, tab sis muaj cov duab nruab nrab ntawm 23 mus rau 30 centimeters. Nws yog qhov zoo dua, dua, ua raws li tus kheej txoj hauv kev, tab sis nws zoo dua tsis txhob ua nws "los ntawm qhov muag", yog li kev ua haujlwm tom qab yuav yooj yim.
- kauj ruam siab. Qhov nruab nrab yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 17 thiab 20 centimeters.
Txhua tus lej ntawm koj qhov kev suav yuav muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog lwm tus. Yog li ntawd, hloov ib yam dab tsi nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem, koj yuav tau rov xam tag nrho lwm yam. Cov txheej txheem kev npaj yuav tsum tau ua nrog txhua yam kev saib xyuas kom cov qauv tsis poob ruaj khov thiab ua haujlwm rau lub sijhawm ntev. Qee tus yuav ib qhov project npaj tau los yog nug cov kws paub txog kev txawj ntse los ua qhov tsim nyog suav. Tom qab, twb raws li cov ntaub ntawv npaj tau, nws yooj yim dua rau kev ua haujlwm.
Ua-nws-koj tus kheej ntoo ntaiv
Tus nyeem tuaj yeem pom cov duab piv txwv ntawm cov ntaiv ntoo hauv peb tsab xov xwm. Xws li ib tug tsimnws muaj nws tus yam ntxwv. Yeej, ntawm txhua sab muaj tshwj xeeb ntsuas thiab sawn hniav (kosoura).
Cov ntsiab lus no yog thawj yam uas cov kws ua haujlwm ua haujlwm. Lawv raug kho kom nruj raws li kev txiav txim - rau qhov no, siv phab ntsa lossis cov kab hluav taws xob.
Thaum kev npaj tiav thiab kev tsim kho tiav lawm, koj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas cov kauj ruam. Txhawm rau tsim lawv koj tus kheej, koj yuav tsum ua koj tus kheej nrog cov saw thiab cov laug cam. Txawm hais tias muaj ntau tus neeg ua liaj ua teb muaj ntau qhov kev teeb tsa niaj hnub, uas ua rau cov txheej txheem yooj yim heev. Xyuas kom tseeb tias qhov luaj li cas ntawm tus stringer phim qhov dav ntawm lub peb hlis ntuj.
Yuav ua li cas ua ib lub staircase ntoo nrog koj tus kheej tes? Txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau, nws tuaj yeem siv cov khoom siv fasteners. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kev ntseeg siab thiab durability. Tab sis sab thav ntawv tuaj yeem txuas nrog ib qho kev sib tsoo - tenon-groove. Tab sis tseem, nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug tsim, nplaum compositions kuj yuav tsum tau siv kom lub zog ntawm cov ntaiv tsis txo. Tsis txhob hnov qab txog cov risers. Yog tsis muaj lawv, txoj haujlwm yuav tsis tiav.
Cov kauj ruam thiab cov risers feem ntau siv sijhawm ntev los ua. Ua cov kauj ruam thiab kev txhawb nqa tawm ntawm ntoo tsis yooj yim li nws yuav zoo li thaum xub thawj siab ib muag.
Metal ladder
Hlau tseem nyuaj ua haujlwm nrog. Qhov tseeb yog tias thaum tsim cov qauv, koj yuav tau siv lub tshuab vuam, thiab tsis yog txhua tus tuaj yeem ua tau. Tsis tas li ntawd, txhawm rau txhim tsa tus ntaiv, koj yuav xav tau cov yeeb nkab lossis cov channel.
Tau xajkom tau tus ncej nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, muaj ntau yam kev xaiv.
- Kev txhim kho kev txhawb nqa tseem ceeb. Hauv nruab nrab, koj tuaj yeem siv lub thauj tog rau nkoj ua ib qho fastener. Tom qab ntawd, tshwj xeeb bumpers yog welded - lawv yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv cov kauj ruam.
- Txoj hlua ncaj. Cov txheej txheem yog piv rau thawj zaug, tab sis ob qhov profile yog siv rau ntawm ob sab. Cov khoom xyaw yog yuav ntawm cov khw muag khoom kho vajtse lossis xaj los ntawm cov kws ua haujlwm.
- Kosoura. Qhov no tsim yog welded ua ke nrog tag nrho cov constituent ntsiab. Piv txwv li, qhov no yog yuav ua li cas nyob rau hauv ntau lub tsev ib tug hlau staircase rau pem teb ob yog ua los ntawm lawv tus kheej tes. Cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem siv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov hlau, los ntawm qee cov khoom tsim.
Lub kauv staircase ua li cas? Ua ntej koj yuav tsum tsim ib qho kev txhawb nqa, tom qab uas cov kauj ruam lawv tus kheej pib kho nyob ib ncig ntawm nws. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj xav tau bolts lossis lub tshuab vuam. Tau kawg, qhov kev xaiv thib ob yog kev ntseeg siab dua, tab sis nws tsis muaj rau txhua tus. Cov kauj ruam kuj tuaj yeem yog hlau. Qee lub sij hawm lub hauv paus (thav duab) yog ua nrog cov ces kaum, qhov chaw ntoo txuas nrog.
pob zeb stairs
Raws li tau hais ua ntej, qhov no yog qhov kev tsim kho ntau tshaj plaws. Tsis yog koj yuav tsum tos kom cov pob zeb qhuav. Cov txheej txheem nws tus kheej yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ob peb theem - thawj lub formwork yog ua thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd lub pouring. Txij li thaum lub pob zeb yog hnyav, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau kho nws kom ruaj ntseg li sai tau kom tsis txhob tawg. Nco ntsoov siv qhov cuab lub zog nyob ib puag ncig kom ntseeg tau.
Tools
Yam koj yuav tsum muaj hauv qabtxhais tes los tsim ib qhov project?
- Txuag cement.
- Sand.
- YPlasticizers.
- pob zeb me me.
- Formwork boards.
- Rebar ntawm ntau qhov ntev.
Pib
txheej txheem nws tus kheej pib los ntawm hauv qab. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev tsim ntawm huab cua interlayers hauv pob zeb, cov khoom siv ntxiv yog siv - ib txoj cai los yog cov menyuam nrog hlau spikes. Thaum cov formwork teeb tsa - tom qab li ob hnub - cov khoom no raug tshem tawm.
Ntau tus hais tias nyob rau hauv ib hnub los tsim cov qauv zoo li no yuav tsis ua haujlwm. Thiab qhov tseeb - txhua yam ua tiav maj mam, tsis muaj nrawm. Tsis txhob tam sim ntawd knead loj ntim ntawm xuab zeb-pob zeb sib tov, uas ces tsis qhuav tawm. Los ntawm txoj kev, rau cov neeg uas muaj nuj nqis rau lub sijhawm tshaj plaws, muaj cov tshuaj ntxiv uas ua rau cov kauj ruam ruaj khov thiab qhuav sai.
Lub staircase no yog tom qab ntawd ua tiav ntxiv. Nws tuaj yeem yog cov vuas, ntoo lossis qib mortars.
Zaj lus
Yog li, peb xav paub yuav ua li cas ua tus ntaiv los ntawm ntau yam ntaub ntawv nrog koj tus kheej tes. Nws tsuas yog xaiv qhov kev xaiv uas haum tshaj plaws, nyob ntawm qhov kev txawj ntse, peev nyiaj txiag thiab qhov xav tau.
