Txog tsis ntev los no, pob zeb tsuas tuaj yeem tuaj hauv ib xim - npub thiab grey. Niaj hnub no, ua tsaug rau kev tsim kho thev naus laus zis, architects thiab designers tuaj yeem siv cov pob zeb sib xyaw pleev xim rau hauv cov xim uas xav tau thaum tsim cov qauv. Cov xim niaj hnub thiab cov xim pleev xim rau cov pob zeb yog siv los pleev xim rau ntau qhov chaw. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav txiav txim siab txog hom pigments niaj hnub no rau kev pleev xim rau cov pob zeb, nrog rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm lawv siv.
Qhov no yog dab tsi?
Pigments rau pob zeb yog cov hmoov tshwj xeeb additives, ua tsaug uas koj tuaj yeem muab cov xim xav tau rau cov mortar lossis cov khoom ua tiav tiav. Cov xim zoo li no tom qab ziab ntawm cov xim pleev xim tsis yaj hauv dej, roj thiab lwm yam kua. Tsis tas li ntawd, yog hais tias lawv yog cov zoo zoo, lawv yog heev resistant rauraug ultraviolet (hnub ci) thiab leaching los nag. Cov xim ntawm txhua cov xim muaj peev xwm xaiv tau los cuam tshuam qhov ntws ntawm nruab hnub nrig. Ib qho xim xim ntawm ib qho xim absorbs thiab pom tsuas yog nruj me ntsis txwv wavelengths ntawm pom spectrum.
Tsuas muaj ob qhov kev zam: piv txwv li, cov xim dawb rau cov pob zeb qhia txog yuav luag tag nrho cov xim ntawm cov xim poob rau nws, tab sis cov xim dub, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, absorbs feem ntau ntawm cov spectral nthwv dej.
Kev faib tawm
Pigments siv rau xim pob zeb yog cais los ntawm keeb kwm rau hauv:
1. Organic pigments:
- daj;
- liab qab;
- liab;
- xiav;
- ntsuab;
- ntshav;
- pink;
- burgundy;
- khoom cinnabar.
2. Mineral - inorganic hmoov pigments rau pob zeb.
Natural:
- kaolin;
- hlau yam tsawg;
-
manganese peroxide;
- chalk;
- graphite;
- txiv qaub;
- umber;
- ochre.
Artificial:
- chromium oxide;
- xim av;
- zinc crowns thiab zaub ntsuab;
- burnt umber;
- lithopone qhuav;
- xim xiav;
- zinc, titanium thiab lead dawb.
3. Hlau:
- golden bronze;
- txhuas hmoov;
- zinc plua plav.
Taukom tau txais cov xim qhuav qhuav rau cov pob zeb, ntau yam khoom siv ntuj tsim yog cov khoom siv hauv av, thiab kom tau txais cov xim pleev xim, cov khoom siv ntxhia, xws li ocher, raug rau kev kho cua sov.
Niaj hnub dyes yog tsim tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov hmoov qhuav, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm emulsions, concentrated pastes thiab microcapsules.
Key Features
Nyob ntawm cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, cov xim xim rau cov pob zeb muaj cov yam ntxwv xws li corrosion thiab kub tsis kam thiab xim. Cov xim muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj cov khoom nram qab no:
- Lightfastness - cov xim yuav khaws nws cov xim qub lossis ze rau nws nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm hluav taws xob ultraviolet. Qhov feem ntau resistant rau qhov raug yog ntuj pigments.
- Npog lub zog - lub peev xwm ntawm cov xim muaj pes tsawg leeg thaum siv rau saum npoo los npog nws cov xim.
- Dispersity - nyob ntawm seb cov xim xim zoo li cas rau pob zeb hauv av. Qhov zoo dua qhov sib tsoo thiab qhov ua kom zoo dua cov khoom, qhov ntau dua qhov xim muaj zog thiab zais lub zog ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg.
- Tshuaj tiv thaiv rau alkalis - tsis kam ntawm cov xim xim rau alkaline ib puag ncig ntawm cov cement slurry.
- Roj nqus, uas yog hais txog lub peev xwm ntawm cov xim pigment los tuav qhov xav tau ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw (roj) ntawm qhov chaw. Nws nyob ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb thiab dispersion ntawm pigments. Qhov qis dua qhov ntsuas no, qhov ruaj khov thiab kev lag luam zoo li txheej txheej yuav yog.
Txoj kev xaiv xim
Hnub no muaj obtxoj kev tseem ceeb ntawm cov xim pob zeb ua qauv. Ib qho ntawm lawv yog cov xim ntawm cov pob zeb sib tov thaum nws sib tov, thiab qhov thib ob yog kev pleev xim ntawm cov qauv tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv no. Wb mus saib lawv ib leeg.
Painting method at the stage of mixing solution
Raws li cov kws tshaj lij feem ntau, cov xim zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov qauv pob zeb tau txais thaum cov xim xim, xim rau cov pob zeb, tau nkag mus rau hauv cov khoom sib xyaw thaum sib xyaw ntawm cov tshuaj khib. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, cov pob zeb ua pob zeb ua cov xim sib npaug thoob plaws hauv nws cov tuab thiab tsis plam nws cov tsos zoo nkauj li cov txheej sab saum toj hnav tawm. Xim saturation ncaj qha nyob ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov xim nkag mus rau hauv cov kev daws teeb meem, tus nqi uas yog siab heev, uas txiav txim siab tus nqi siab dua ntawm cov xim pob zeb piv rau cov khoom qub.
Txoj kev staining no yog siv rau monolithic nchuav ntawm ntau qhov chaw sab nraum zoov, tsim kho kom zoo nkauj thiab khaws cov phab ntsa, tsim cov curbs, paving slabs thiab paving pob zeb.
Kom tau txais cov xim zoo nkauj thiab "ntshiab", nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv cov cement dawb thiab xuab zeb los npaj cov mortar. Txhawm rau kom tau txais cov txiaj ntsig siab tshaj plaws, ua ntej qhia cov xim rau hauv qhov sib tov, nws yog diluted hauv dej rau qhov sib xws ntawm "qaub cream", sib tov kom huv si thiab sab laug rau ob peb teev - rau brew. Tom qab ntawd, stirring tas li, lub resulting muaj pes tsawg leeg yog poured rau hauv lub tov thiab sib tov meej.
Raws li twb tau hais lawm, niaj hnub no koj tuaj yeem yuav cov xim tsis yog hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw qhuav, tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov hmoov nplej,microcapsules thiab emulsions, uas tso cai rau koj ntxiv pigment rau pob zeb nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes thiab tsim cov kev daws teeb meem ntawm cov xim uas xav tau thiab nyob rau hauv qhov xav tau kom muaj nuj nqis.
Xim cov khoom tiav ua tiav
Rau cov qauv monolithic ua los ntawm cov pob zeb thiab cov khoom ua tiav ua tiav, cov txheej txheem pleev xim no yuav tsim nyog tshaj plaws. Ib txheej ntawm cov xim muaj pes tsawg leeg yog siv rau saum npoo ntawm cov qauv uas twb muaj zog lawm, nkag mus rau hauv cov qauv ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum tau pleev xim los ntawm ob peb millimeters. Qhov tob npaum li cas cov xim nkag mus ncaj qha nyob ntawm tus neeg nqa khoom uas cov xim tau yaj.
Ntau cov kua roj vanish, cov xim tsis muaj xim rau cov xim pleev xim rau lub ntsej muag thiab lwm cov tshuaj tua dej tuaj yeem siv los ua cov xim pleev xim. Qhov tob ntawm cov cab kuj tuaj yeem nkag mus tob rau hauv cov qauv pob zeb, qhov ntev nws yuav khaws nws cov xim thiab kev ntxim nyiam nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm ultraviolet lub teeb thiab tsis zoo ib puag ncig.
Kuv puas tuaj yeem ua kuv tus kheej cov xim pleev xim?
Kev lag luam ua dyes muaj ntau qhov zoo dua li tus kheej tsim, txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj muaj lub siab xav thiab ua siab ntev, nws muaj peev xwm tsim cov xim rau pob zeb nrog koj tus kheej tes. Txhawm rau tsim cov xim zoo li no koj xav tau:
- dej-soluble pigment rau xim;
- dej-raws li primer rau ntxhia nto;
- dej.
Yog tias cov primer tsis muaj zog, ces 20 mus rau 30% dej ntxiv rau qhov sib tov. Kom tau cov xim uas ze tshaj plaws rau ntuj, ntuj,Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los sib tov ob peb pigments ntawm cov xim sib xws. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias cov tshuaj pleev xim rau hauv txoj kev no, tom qab ziab, yuav tsum tau kho nrog cov kua roj vanish, vim lawv tsis muaj cov khoom tiv thaiv. Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias tsis muaj dej noo thiab tshav ntuj, kev ua haujlwm zoo li no tau ua txhua 4-5 xyoos.
