Cov txheej txheem tsim kho yuav tsum ua raws li qee cov qauv thiab cov cai. Lawv tau tsim rau ntau tshaj ib xyoos. Kev suav xam thiab kev paub dhau los ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsim cov cai meej rau txhua theem ntawm kev tsim kho.
Yuav luag txhua lub tsev xav tau ntaiv. Nyob ntawm seb hom tsev, nws tuaj yeem ua tau ib lub me me los yog dav dav dav dav. Tab sis rau txhua yam khoom ntawd, qee cov cai yuav tsum tau ua raws. Thaum xaiv lub kaum sab xis ntawm inclination ntawm cov ntaiv, xyuam xim rau qee qhov tsis muaj ntawm chav. Qhov no tso cai rau koj los tsim cov khoom zoo. Nws yog qhov yooj yim rau nce thiab nqis los ntawm tus ntaiv. Tus txheej txheem ntawm nws tsim yuav tau tham tom qab.
Txoj kev xav ntawm qaij
Ntau xyoo ntawm kev paub ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom qhia tias qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm inclination ntawm cov ntaiv yog suav tias yog los ntawm 30 txog 45 degrees. Txawm li cas los xij, kev yooj yim tsis yog tib qho kev ntsuas uas koj yuav tsum tau tso siab rau thaum tsim cov khoom vaj tsev zoo li no. Qhov chaw txwv kuj cuam tshuam rau lub kaum sab xis ntawm tus ntaiv.
A kauv staircase yog qhov zoo dua yog tias chav tsis yogyog qhov loj loj. Marching ntau yam xav tau chaw txaus. Tseeb tiag, txhawm rau tsim kom muaj txoj kab nqes yooj yim, yuav tsum muaj qhov ncua sij hawm, uas yuav siv qhov chaw tseem ceeb.
stairs stairs tsis tsuas yog tsis yooj yim, tab sis kuj txaus ntshai. Yog tias lub kaum sab xis siab tshaj 45 degrees, kev nce siab yuav nyuaj rau cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus. Cov ntaiv zoo li no tau txais hauv ib lub tsev yog tias lawv tsis siv ntau zaus.
Yog tias lub kaum sab xis siab tshaj 50 degrees, nws tuaj yeem nce tau tsuas yog nrog kev pab ntawm tes. Qhov no ua rau qee qhov tsis yooj yim.
Max Tilt
Muaj tus nqi siab tshaj plaws hauv (qib kaum) degrees rau txhua yam khoom. Stairs yog tsev neeg, sab, ramps, kev siv hluav taws xob lossis kev khiav tawm. Rau lub hom phiaj sab hauv, txoj kab nqes qis dua 30 degrees yuav luag tsis siv.
Lub kaum sab xis siab tshaj plaws rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev uas nyob hauv qhov chaw nyob yog 45 degrees. Rau ramps, daim duab no tseem tsawg dua. Thaum tsim cov khoom zoo li no, nws tsis tuaj yeem ua rau qaij lub dav hlau ntau dua 30 degrees.
Tab sis rau cov ntaiv, txoj kab nqes siab tshaj plaws tuaj yeem ncav cuag yuav luag 75 degrees. Tab sis nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam xws li ib tug architectural khoom yog siv me ntsis. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov stairs khiav tawm tuaj yeem muaj txoj kab nqes tshaj 75 degrees. Tab sis cov no yog cov hom tshwj xeeb. Yog li ntawd, qhov siab tshaj txoj kab nqes ntawm 45 degrees rau thaj chaw nyob yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account. Kev nce me ntsis hauv qhov ntsuas no tsuas yog tso cai rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm heevqhov chaw txwv.
Nyob zoo
Yuav kom lub kaum sab xis ntawm inclination ntawm tus ntaiv mus rau hauv pem teb thib ob kom xis nyob thaum nce toj thiab qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account tsis yog qhov siab tshaj plaws, tab sis kuj yog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus inclination. Yog tias qhov ntev ntawm chav tso cai, koj tuaj yeem tig lub dav hlau los ntawm 40 degrees.
Tab sis txawm tias muaj thaj tsam loj txaus ntawm chav tsev, cov ntaiv yuav tsum tsis txhob qaij qis dua 30 degrees. Lub nce toj yuav xis nyob, tab sis qhov nqis tes yuav nyuaj heev thiab txawm tias txaus ntshai.
Kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem zoo li no, koj yuav tsum tau suav ua ntej txhim kho. Koj kuj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau cov railings. Yog tias muaj ntau tshaj peb kauj ruam hauv kev tsim, lub ntsiab ntawm cov ntaiv no tsuas yog tsim nyog. Kev nplij siab yog nce los ntawm tib theem loj.
Kev daws teeb meem
Xaiv lub kaum sab xis ntawm inclination ntawm cov ntaiv, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum ua kom muaj kev suav. Ua li no, coj mus rau hauv tus account lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom ntawm tag nrho cov qauv. Lawv tau muab faib ua cantilever lossis ib kab teeb. Tom qab ntawd qee cov qauv raug siv.
Tus ntaiv yog ib qho system uas raug rau cov khoom siv dynamic. Yog li ntawd, mloog yuav tsum tau them rau lub rigidity ntawm tag nrho cov ntsiab. Lawv deflection yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 1/400 ntawm qhov ntev. Thaum xam cov loads, lawv yog summed li los ntawm combining qhov hnyav ntawm cov yam ntxwv thiab nyob loads. Lub tsev nyob yuav tsum ua raws li qhov ntsuas no ntawm qib 300 kg / sq. m.
Thaum ua kev suav, koj yuav tsumcoj mus rau hauv tus account tias ob zaug qhov siab ntawm txhua kauj ruam, ntxiv rau nws qhov dav, yog sib npaug rau qhov nruab nrab tib neeg cov kauj ruam. Qhov ntsuas no yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account. Cov kauj ruam ntawm tus neeg ntawm lub dav hlau yog 60-64 cm.
Kev txiav txim siab
Thaum kawm cov lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas xam lub kaum sab xis ntawm inclination ntawm cov ntaiv, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau xav txog cov cuab yeej siv dav dav. Qhov no yuav pab koj xaiv txoj kab nqes ntawm lub dav hlau kom raug. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev ua raws li cov kev xam, cov saum toj no-hais qhia ntawm qhov ntev ntawm ib tug neeg lub kauj ruam thaum taug kev calmly yog siv.
Txhua lub davhlau ntawm cov kauj ruam yog txiav txim siab cais. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov kauj ruam, nrog rau lawv qhov siab, yog muab rau hauv tus account. Qhov no yog ib qho yooj yim yooj yim xam tshuab. Qhov siab tshaj plaws theem siab yog nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 15 mus rau 18 cm. Lawv qhov dav yuav tsum yog los ntawm 28 mus rau 30 cm. Qhov loj ntawm cov taw ntawm cov neeg uas feem ntau yuav nce tus ntaiv yog suav nrog.
Muab rau hauv tus account qhov muab qhia, kev suav yuav ua raws li cov qauv hauv qab no:
2x + y=580 / 660, qhov twg x yog qhov siab ntawm kauj ruam, y yog nws qhov dav.
Qhov qis qis qis dua, qhov dav dua nws yuav nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sib tw ntawm ntaiv. Nov yog tus qauv.
Dav
Raws li cov ntaub ntawv saum toj no, koj tuaj yeem xam lub kaum sab xis ntawm qhov nkag ntawm cov ntaiv. Rau qhov no, ib qho yooj yim technology yog siv. Cov ntaiv yog sawv cev nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm txoj cai daim duab peb sab. Nws qhov siab thiab dav yog ob txhais ceg, thiab lub davhlau ntawm cov ntaiv yog lub hypotenuse. Thaum pib, koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab qhov yuav tsum tau muaj thiab qhov tseeb uas twb muaj lawm, uas yuav siv qhov dav ntawm cov ntaiv hauv chav.
Definingparameters (theem tob) thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov kauj ruam, lawv raug coj mus rau hauv tus account. Thawj qhov ntsuas tau muab faib ua qhov thib ob. Qhov tshwm sim yog qhov ntev ntawm kab rov tav projection ntawm qhov ncua.
Tom ntej no, peb xav txog qhov tsis muaj qhov chaw dawb hauv chav, uas cov ntaiv tuaj yeem nqa tau. Yog tias tus nqi suav nrog qhov tseeb, koj tuaj yeem txav mus. Yog tias qhov ntsuas tsis sib xws, nws yuav tsum tau ua qhov kev kho.
Xaiv qhov ntev thiab lub kaum sab xis ntawm inclination
Qhov ntev ntawm lub davhlau ntawm ntaiv hauv kev tsim kho kev lag luam hu ua bowstring. Thaum xam lub kaum sab xis ntawm inclination ntawm cov ntaiv hauv lub tsev, koj tuaj yeem siv qhov kev paub zoo ntawm Pythagorean theorem. Tom qab tag nrho, lub staircase tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li daim duab peb sab.
Cov ceg twb paub ua tsaug rau kev suav yav dhau los. Qhov siab ntawm cov ntaiv yog qhov siab ntawm lub qab nthab hauv chav. Los ntawm kev hloov tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig rau hauv cov qauv paub, koj tuaj yeem tau txais qhov ntev ntawm lub davhlau ntawm ntaiv.
Yuav xam lub kaum sab xis ntawm inclination, koj kuj yuav xav tau cov qauv lej. Lub sine ntawm lub kaum sab xis yog pom los ntawm kev faib cov khoom qhov siab los ntawm qhov ntev. Ntxiv mus, siv lub rooj, qhov tshwm sim yog muab piv thiab qhov tseeb txoj kab nqes ntawm cov ntaiv yog txiav txim siab.
Yog tias koj xav tau, koj tuaj yeem siv ntau yam kev pab cuam sai, thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, suav cov txiaj ntsig raug thaum koj nkag mus rau qhov tsim nyog.
GOST rules
Thaum txiav txim siab lub kaum sab xis yooj yim ntawm inclination ntawm cov ntaiv, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account cov cai ntawm GOST thiab SNiP. Lawv cov kev cai tseem ceeb ua kom pom tseeb tias hauv ib lub tsev uas muaj ntau tshaj li ob lub plag tsev, nws yuav tsum yog ib ntus. Qhov dav ntawm cov qauv no yog tsawg kawg yog 80 cm. Yog tias 2 tus neeg dhau los ntawm tib lub sijhawm, daim duab no nce mus rau 1 m.
Tus naj npawb ntawm cov kauj ruam ntawm ib lub Peb Hlis yuav tsum yog los ntawm 3 mus rau 18 daim. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los ua tus lej ntawm cov kauj ruam txawv. Nws yog qhov yooj yim dua rau cov neeg pib thiab ua tiav qhov kev txav nrog tib ko taw.
Lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub dav hlau yuav tsum nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm 45 txog 26 degrees. Yog tias qhov ntsuas no ntau dua 50 degrees, cov khoom ntawm cov khoom txuas nrog yog siv. Txoj kab nqes qis dua 5 degrees tsis xav tau cov kauj ruam.
Qee cov kws tshaj lij
Tau txiav txim siab lub kaum sab xis ntawm inclination ntawm tus ntaiv, koj yuav tsum xav txog ob peb lub tswv yim ntxiv. Lawv yuav pab tsim cov qauv tsim uas tsis tsuas yog yooj yim, tab sis kuj muaj kev nyab xeeb. Cov neeg ua haujlwm paub txog pom zoo ua cov kauj ruam ntawm qhov siab tib yam.
Txwv tsis pub, ib tug neeg (tshwj xeeb yog hmo ntuj) yuav ntog thiab poob. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias cov leeg nqaij nco qhia koj tias tam sim no yuav tsum muaj ib kauj ruam ntawm qhov siab. Nrog rau qhov no nyob rau hauv lub siab, qhov hnyav ntawm lub cev yog pauv mus rau ceg, tab sis dheev tsis muaj ib kauj ruam hauv qab nws. Txawm tias qhov sib txawv me me (tsuas yog 2-3 cm) tuaj yeem ua rau raug mob. Koj tuaj yeem ntswj koj txhais ceg lossis tseem swb rau ntawm tus ntaiv. Nov yog fraught nrog ntau qhov raug mob.
Yog tias lub qab nthab qhov siab tsis yog tus qauv, nws raug tso cai kom txo qis hauv pem teb ntawm lub platform sab sauv me ntsis hauv qab lub ntsiab hauv pem teb. Hauv qhov no, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob tawm ib kauj ruam. Ib qho me me los them nyiaj rau qhov nce.
Kev paub koj tus kheej nrog cov thev naus laus zis ntawm yuav ua li cas xaiv lub kaum sab xis ntawm kev xavntaiv, koj tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom zoo thiab nyab xeeb rau yuav luag txhua chav.
