Txoj kev pheej yig tshaj los tsim lub ru tsev yog kev tsim lub ru tsev pitched. Nws yog tsim rau cov tsev rau ntau lub hom phiaj, nws tuaj yeem ua lub tsev da dej, chav nres tsheb lossis lub tsev nyob. Xws li lub ru tsev xav tau kev nqis peev nyiaj txiag me me, tab sis ua haujlwm tau zoo. Lub kaw lus yooj yooj yim, huab cua tiv taus, kev lag luam thiab tswj tau.
hom kev vov tsev
ru tsev yog muab faib ua pitched thiab tiaj tus. Cov yav tas yuav luag tsis tau siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm ib-storey tsev. Xav txog cov hom ru tsev ntawm ib-zaj dab neeg, koj tuaj yeem hais txog:
- ib nqes hav;
- gable;
- hips;
- tent;
- combined;
- mansard;
- Multiforceps.
Ib lub ru tsev yog qhov kev lag luam tshaj plaws. Ob tog tuaj yeem hu ua classic. Thaum tsim cov ru tsev hipped, daim duab peb sab slopes raug coj los ua lub hauv paus. Tsis ntev los no, hauv qab nthab tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam.tsim. Rau kev tsim cov tsev neeg tseem ceeb, ntau lub ru tsev yog qhov cuam tshuam tshaj plaws.
Kev xaiv cov ntaub ntawv lub ru tsev tiaj tus
Thaum xav txog cov khoom siv vov tsev rau lub ru tsev tiaj tus, koj tuaj yeem them sai sai rau cov kev daws teeb meem dov bitumen, cov uas:
- rubemast;
- khoom siv vov tsev;
- stekloizol;
- Euroroofing khoom.
Nws tseem yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau cov khoom siv polymer. Lawv paub tsis ntev los no, tab sis niaj hnub no lawv tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo heev. Cov ru tsev los ntawm lawv yog resistant rau mechanical stress thiab kub heev.
Los ntawm kev txhim kho lub ru tsev nrog koj tus kheej tes, koj tuaj yeem siv cov ntaub ntawv membrane. Lawv lub installation yog yooj yim, yog li pab neeg no muaj lub sijhawm los ua kom tiav cov haujlwm hauv lub sijhawm luv luv. Qhov project ntawm lub ru tsev ntawm lub tsev yuav suav nrog kev siv cov PVC membrane. Lub hauv paus rau nws yog polyvinyl chloride nrog fittings. Lub tom kawg xav tias muaj cov polyester mesh.
Npaj cov khoom
Yog tias koj txiav txim siab tsim lub ru tsev nrog koj tus kheej tes, koj yuav tau npaj:
- ntoo tuav;
- boards;
- nails;
- cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev thermal;
- vapor barrier;
- waterproofing membrane;
- ntsia hlau rau mounting boards thiab ntoo.
Cov qauv thauj khoom yuav yog cov kab ntoo. Lawv qhov ntev tuaj yeem sib npaug li 12x12 lossis 15x15 cm.uas tau pw saum ib kab kab rov tav.
Koj tuaj yeem npog lub ru tsev nrog koj tus kheej tes nrog slate, uas yog fastened nrog slate rau tes. Yog tias txheej txheej txawv, ces nws yuav tsum tau siv cov fasteners tsim rau qhov no.
Ntawm cov cuab yeej los qhia:
- ntse riam;
- axe;
- rauj;
- hacksaw;
- construction stapler.
Qhov kawg yuav xav tau thaum txhim kho vapor thiab waterproofing, nrog rau kho cov zaj duab xis rau cov rafters. Ua-nws-koj tus kheej lub ru tsev yog ua raws li thev naus laus zis, uas muab rau kev teeb tsa ntawm battens thiab counter-battens. Ua li no, nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv cov square bar nrog ib sab ntawm 5 cm.
Kev teeb tsa bar
Kab teeb tau muab tso rau hauv qhov nce ntawm 80 cm. Lawv muab tso rau saum phab ntsa. Mauerlat tuaj yeem yog lub hauv paus rau lawv. Qee lub sij hawm nws tau hloov los ntawm txoj siv seismic, uas yog cov qauv ua los ntawm monolithic reinforced pob zeb. Lub installation yog nqa tawm nyob rau sab sauv perimeter ntawm phab ntsa nrog cov repetition ntawm lawv contour. Cov qauv yuav tsum raug kaw. Nws yog siv los ua kom muaj zog ntawm cov qauv rau kev thauj mus tas li los ntawm cua.
Form formation yog ntsia los tsim ib txoj siv seismic. Nws qhov siab yuav tsum yog me ntsis siab dua qhov siab ntawm cov qauv yav tom ntej. Cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog txhawm rau txhim kho lub zog. Mauerlat yog ib qho load nteg nyob ib ncig ntawm phab ntsa sab nrauv. Nws ua raws li lub hauv paus thauj tog rau nkoj rau cov rafters. Cov khoom no yog siv rauload faib. Qhov qis ntawm lub ru tsev yuav tsum nyob rau sab leeward.
Yog tias koj ntsib cov lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas ua lub ru tsev nrog koj tus kheej tes, koj yuav tsum paub koj tus kheej nrog cov cuab yeej technology. Nws muab rau installation ntawm kab teeb. Rafters yog tsau rau sab saum toj ntawm lawv, uas yuav ua raws li kev txhawb nqa rau sab sauv ntawm lub ru tsev. Tus naj npawb ntawm rafters yuav tsum sib haum mus rau tus naj npawb ntawm cov kab hauv pem teb. Tom qab cov kauj ruam no, koj yuav tsum tau txais ib daim duab peb sab, ob sab ntawm uas yog tsim los ntawm ntsug rafters thiab ib tug nqaj.
Nyob rau theem kawg ntawm kev teeb tsa ntawm cov rafters, cov kab teeb tsa yuav tsum tau mounted, uas yog fastened nrog anchors. Hauv qhov no, peb tab tom tham txog lub hauv paus pob zeb. Yog tias Mauerlat ua raws li qhov chaw kho, ces cov ntsia hlau yuav tsum tau siv. Rau qhov yooj yim ntawm kev ua haujlwm, cov laug cam tuaj yeem tso rau ntawm rafters, nrog rau cov neeg ua haujlwm tuaj yeem txav mus los thaum tsim lub ru tsev. Cov ntsiab lus no raug tshem tawm thaum qhov xav tau tshwm sim rau slate nteg.
Ua haujlwm thermal rwb thaiv tsev
Ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm lub ru tsev, ib txheej ntawm thermal rwb thaiv tsev yuav tsum txawv. Qhov tsim ntawm lub ru tsev ncuav mog qab zib yuav nyob ntawm qhov tiav. Thermal rwb thaiv tsev yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv vapor thiab waterproofing. Qhov kawg yog qhov tsim nyog los tiv thaiv cov qauv ntawm cov dej noo thiab txuas ntxiv nws lub neej kev pab cuam. Waterproofing kuj tseem xav tau los tiv thaiv cov rwb thaiv tsev los ntawm ya raws los ntawm sab nraud. Av nplaum pob zeb los yog cov cement chip slag tuaj yeem ua lub rhaub. Tab sis cov ntaub ntawv no muaj qee qhov tsis zoo. Lawv phemtiv thaiv dej thiab tsis txhob khaws cov cua sov uas xav tau, tso tawm rau hauv qhov chaw.
Hnub no, nws yog kev cai siv cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj, piv txwv li, URSA. Cov rwb thaiv tsev no yog ib lub lev, uas tej zaum yuav muaj xws li cov cua sov-insulating txheej, fiberglass blocks thiab bas alt rwb thaiv tsev lev. Qhov zoo ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem no suav nrog tus nqi qis, kev ua haujlwm yooj yim thiab kev siv tau zoo.
Ua ntej txhim kho lub rwb thaiv tsev, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tsim cov dej tsis zoo. Nws yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv nteg rau saum cov ceg rafter. Cov tshuab no tuaj yeem siv tau yog tias lub thickness ntawm lub thermal rwb thaiv tsev yog tsawg dua qhov siab ntawm rafter ceg. Yog tias cov kev txwv no sib npaug, zaj duab xis yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm lub dav hlau sab saud ntawm cov tuav, uas yuav ua rau kom qhov siab ntawm cov rafters.
Tag nrho cov nqes hav yog cov khoom siv tiv thaiv dej, qhov sib tshooj yuav tsum yog 100 hli. Ib qhov sib txawv ntawm 50 mm yog sab laug ntawm cov waterproofing thiab lub ru tsev. Rau qhov no, square bars nrog rau sab yog siv. Thaum cov thermal rwb thaiv tsev mats tau unpacked, nws yuav tsum tau tos kom txog thaum lawv rov qab tau lawv qhov ntev. Qhov no yuav siv li ntawm 20 feeb. Koj tuaj yeem ua kom cov txheej txheem los ntawm kev co lub rwb thaiv tsev.
Tsev txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim lub ru tsev ntawm lub tsev yog siv cov rwb thaiv tsev. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub seb nws qhov dav yog dab tsi. Qhov no parameter yog coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum sau qhov project. Yog hais tias qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov rafters yog 0.6 m, ces mats ntawm 1.2 m yuav siv tau, lawv feem ntau nteg tawm nyob rau hauv ob txheej. Hauv lwm qhov xwm txheej, lawvtxiav. Thaum cov rwb thaiv tsev tau coj nws cov qauv qub, nws tuaj yeem txiav thiab muab tso rau ntawm cov rafters.
Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov khoom yog nqa tawm hauv qhov chaw, nws qhov dav yuav tsum yog 30 hli loj dua lub suab ntawm cov rafters uas nyob ib sab. Yog tias kev txiav cov mats tsis tau ua raws li qhov ntev ntawm txoj kab nqes, tom qab ntawd kom ntseeg tau tias kev sib cais ntawm cov kab rov tav, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los muab qhov sib tshooj ntawm 30 cm..
Nruab nrab ntawm cov zaj duab xis waterproofing thiab thermal rwb thaiv tsev, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau muab qhov sib txawv, kom tswj tau nws, feem ntau siv tus neeg xyuas pib ua los ntawm cov tuav. Nyob rau theem kawg ntawm kev txhim kho lub rwb thaiv tsev, koj yuav tau npaj ib txheej ntawm vapor barrier. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub dav hlau qis ntawm rafter ob txhais ceg thiab fastened nrog galvanized rau tes. Lawv yuav tsum muaj lub taub hau ncaj. Xwb, koj tuaj yeem siv cov staples ntawm kev tsim kho stapler. Lub vapor barrier yog pw nrog ib tug sib tshooj 10 cm. Txhawm rau kom nruj, kev sib txuas yog ua nrog cov nplaum nplaum.
Nkauj lub crate
Ua ntej pib ua haujlwm, koj yuav tsum xav txog cov duab kos ntawm lub ru tsev. Nrog koj tus kheej ob txhais tes nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yuav yooj yim heev los daws cov hauj lwm. Lawv yuav tso cai rau koj kom nkag siab txog dab tsi siv tshuab los tsim lub crate. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tuav lub tsho tiav. Nws cov ntsiab lus yog ua los ntawm cov txee-lattice. Rau cov hom phiaj no, tuav cov square seem nrog ib sab ntawm 50 mm yog siv. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lawv yuav nyob ntawm seb cov cuab yeej siv thiab cov khoom siv tau xaiv.
Siv lub rooj sib dhos rau lathing yog tias tso slate tsis tsim nyog, vim cov ntsiab lus tsis yogmuaj peev xwm tiv taus daus load. Nws yog qhov zoo dua tsis siv cov ntoo nyoos, vim tias cov laug cam tsis muaj zog thiab loosen thaum lawv qhuav, uas ua rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm tag nrho lub ru tsev. Qhov kev xaiv yooj yim tshaj plaws yog slate.
Rau qhov kev teeb tsa ntawm cov nplooj ntawv wavy, yuav tsum muaj lub thawv hloov pauv. Plaub kab yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv qab daim ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv npog. Yog tias koj yuav cov nplooj ntawv ntawm 175 cm, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm kab rov tav yuav yog 44 cm. Thaum siv cov khoom sib txawv, lub crate yuav xav tau nws tus kheej. Rau ib tug ncaj slate, nws yuav tsum muaj zog. Rau yob vov tsev los yog cov vuas mos, plywood sheathing yog siv.
Txoj haujlwm ntawm lub ru tsev ntawm lub tsev cuam tshuam nrog cov txheej txheem tiav. Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov ntawv pib los ntawm sab leeward. Cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg yog mounted nrog ib qho sib tshooj ntawm sab qis. Qhov kev xaiv mounting nrov tshaj plaws yog cov thev naus laus zis uas thawj daim ntawv nyob ntawm ib sab ntawm gable overhang. Tom ntej no yog ob daim ntawv nyob rau hauv thawj kab. Tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem mus rau stacking ob peb nplooj ntawv hauv kab thib ob.
Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua hauj lwm, koj yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias cov ntsug sib tshooj yog nruab nrab ntawm 12 thiab 20 cm. Kab rov tav sib tshooj yog ib yoj. Cov nplooj ntawv yuav tsum tau muab tso ua ke kom cov sab ntawm cov txheej txheem saum toj kawg nkaus phim rau sab ntawm cov ntsiab lus hauv qab.
Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv cov chaw uas plaub nplooj ntawv sib tshuam, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau txiav cov fab. Ntxiv nrog rau cornice thiab ridges,tus so raug txiav kom qhov luaj li cas ntawm seem raug txiav yog tus nqi sib tshooj. Ntxiv 0.5 mm rau qhov nqi no. Qhov no yuav tso cai rau cov nplooj ntawv tuaj koom, muab qhov sib txawv ntawm 3 hli.
Kev tawg cov ces kaum tsis tsim nyog, vim qhov no yuav ua rau txo qis zog thiab tawg. Qee lub sij hawm nws tsis tuaj yeem pom lawv pom, tab sis sai dua lossis tom qab lawv yuav tshwm sim, uas yuav ua rau kom nrawm nrawm ntawm cov qauv thiab ua rau xav tau kev kho kim.
Gable suav
Koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab thaj tsam ntawm pediment siv tus qauv. Cov duab yooj yim tshaj plaws yog daim duab peb sab. Nws qhov siab yog txiav txim raws li nram no: S=0.5 h x l. Ntawm no S yog thaj chaw, qhov ntev ntawm qhov siab yog qhia los ntawm tsab ntawv h, thaum qhov ntev ntawm lub hauv paus yog l.
Qhov siab hauv qhov no yog hais txog qhov siab ntawm lub ru tsev, ntawm no peb tab tom tham txog cov kauj ruam ntawm lub qab nthab mus rau lub nqaj nqaj. Qhov ntev ntawm lub hauv paus yuav sib npaug rau qhov ntev ntawm phab ntsa uas lub pediment tau tsim. Thaum xam lub gable ntawm lub ru tsev, nws tsis muaj teeb meem seb tus qauv yog symmetrical. Tab sis qhov kev ntsuas no yuav cuam tshuam rau tus qauv tsim.
Kev tsim lub ru tsev gable
Yog tias tsis muaj peev txheej hauv tsev, ces lub kaw lus truss yuav tsum tau txhawb nqa ntawm phab ntsa. Cov qauv dai yog zoo meej rau qhov no. Lawv siv yog qhov kev ncua deb ntawm phab ntsa tsis tshaj 14 m.
Koj tuaj yeem nruab dai rafters ntawm lub ru tsev gable nrog koj tus kheej tes. Lawv muab ib tug load rau ntawm sab lub ntsiab phab ntsa. Txhawm rau txo qhov siab, kab rov tav thiab kab pheeb ces kaum txuas yog siv. Lawv txuas ntawmrafters thiab muaj cov npe hauv qab no:
- bolt;
- poj niam;
- puffs;
- struts.
Ua-nws-koj tus kheej gable roof
Cov ntsiab lus uas txhawb nqa lub kaw lus tuaj yeem kho rau rafters lossis ridge beam. Puffs tau nruab rau hauv qab ntawm cov rafters thiab tuaj yeem siv ua cov kab hauv pem teb. Rau puffs thiab rafters, koj yuav tsum xaiv cov khoom tuab. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb yog tias muaj qhov chaw nyob hauv qab nthab. Rafter boards yuav tsum muaj kwv yees qhov ntev ntawm 55x200 mm.
Thaum tsim lub ru tsev ntawm koj tus kheej tes, koj yuav tsum tau nruab ib lub dai truss system. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, cov khoom siv dej tsis sib haum yog muab tso rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm cov kabmob, nws tuaj yeem yog cov khoom siv vov tsev zoo tib yam. Mauerlat txuas los ntawm saum toj no. Siv anchors rau qhov no.
Lub ntsiab lus no yog lub zog muaj zog. Ib tug nruj bar yog pw rau ntawm nws, uas yuav ua raws li ib tug pem teb beam. Attic floor beams yog mounted rau Mauerlat ntawm phab ntsa load-bearing. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lawv tuaj yeem yog 600 cm. Muaj kev taug kev ntawm lawv. Qhov no yuav tso cai rau koj kom tau txais lub platform uas koj tuaj yeem txuas cov rafters rau ib leeg.
Thaum tsim lub ru tsev ntawm koj tus kheej tes, koj tuaj yeem khi thawj ob lub rafters thiab muab tso rau hauv Mauerlat, kom ntseeg tau tias qhov sib npaug siab tshaj plaws. Txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov rafters seem yuav nyob ntawm qhov no. Rau lub rigidity ntawm lub installation, hlau ces kaum yog siv. Lawv txuas nrog tus kheej tapping screws. Tom qab mounting thawj khub ntawm opposing rafters, kuv nruab ib lub pobnyob rau sab nraud ntawm lub tsev. Cov rafters yog fastened ua ke nrog ib tug ridge beam, uas yog nyob rau hauv qab no. Puffs tau nruab rau ntawm rafters.
Yog tias lub qab nthab tau npaj los ua vaj tse, ces cov puffs yuav tsum nyob siab kom lawv ua lub hauv paus rau lub qab nthab. Rau cov txheej txheem rigidity, cov pob qij txha yog tsau nrog rau cov ntsia hlau los yog tus kheej tapping screws, thiab tseem muaj zog nrog cov hlau phaj, brackets los yog fab. Thaum lub rafter system tiav lawm, cov boards hauv pem teb yog screwed rau lub qab nthab kab teeb. Nyob rau theem tom ntej, koj tuaj yeem pib npaj lub ru tsev.
ru tsev decking
Thaum tsim lub ru tsev nrog koj tus kheej tes, koj yuav tsum tau vov lub ru tsev. Qhov kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws yog los tsim lub ncuav qab zib uas muaj cov hauv qab no:
- khaub ncaws sab hauv;
- vapor barrier txheej;
- rafters;
- rwb thaiv tsev;
- zaj duab xis dej;
- txee rails;
- slate.
Sheathing los ntawm sab hauv tuaj yeem ua nrog plywood, noo noo-resistant drywall lossis boards. Vapor barrier txheej raws li nram no. Raws li lub tshuab cua sov, koj tuaj yeem siv cov ntxhia wool hauv mats. Thaum ua lub ru tsev nrog koj tus kheej tes, koj yuav tsum tau nteg cov ntaub ntawv waterproofing ntawm lub ru tsev. Lawv tuaj yeem yog cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke los yog cov pa roj carbon monoxide high-density polyethylene zaj duab xis. Nws kis tau saum npoo av thiab muab qhov sib tshooj ntawm 250 mm. Fastening yog nqa nrog brackets.
Ib tug counter-rake yog khoom rau saum txhua lub rafter. Nws thickness tuaj yeem nyob ntawm 30 mus rau 50 hli. Nrog cov khoom no, koj tuaj yeem muab tauqhov cua qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom siv vov tsev thiab waterproofing. Lub crate yog nteg perpendicular mus rau lub counter-rail. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov ntawv qhia uas nyob ib sab yuav tsum suav nrog nyob ntawm qhov ntev ntawm cov nplooj ntawv ntawm cov khoom. Ua ntej yuav pib nrog kev tso cov khoom siv vov tsev, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau kho tus tuav ntawm lub qhov dej ntawm qhov qis lath ntawm lub crate.
Yuav ua li cas thiaj ua tau gutter
Yog tias koj tau ntsib cov lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas thiaj ua tau lub ru tsev, ces thawj kauj ruam yog txhawm rau txhim kho lub kwj deg. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lawv yuav tsum yog 600 hli. Txoj kab nqes yuav tsum tau coj mus rau qhov dej ntws. Cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog mount qhov kawg bracket nyob rau hauv kab. Lub gutter yog pw tom ntej. Lub kaus mom yog mounted rau ntawm ntug. Yog tias muaj cua daj cua dub tau teeb tsa nyob ib puag ncig lub tsev kom ntws los nag, ces cov yeeb nkab tuaj yeem txuas rau nws.
