Sab hnub poob zam rau kev tsim cov phiaj xwm ntawm tus kheej nrog kev pab los ntawm txoj hauv kev tau nqis los rau peb. Tam sim no ntau tus tswv tsev tab tom sim kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub ntiaj teb nrog cov vuas uas ua raws li masonry lossis ntoo taug kev. Kev tsim kho tshiab thiab cov txheej txheem tuaj rau kev cawm hauv cov txheej txheem nyuaj, uas tso cai rau koj los ua thiab nruab cov vuas nrog koj tus kheej tes.
Scope ntawm paving slabs
Vuas rau kev teeb tsa kev taug kev hauv tebchaws Russia tau pib siv txhua qhov chaw hauv 70-80s. XX caug xyoo. Txog thaum ntawd, cov pob zeb loj loj tau siv los ua kev taug kev, uas tseem tuaj yeem pom nyob hauv ntau qhov chaw.
Tam sim no, kev taug kev taug kev tsis yog nyob hauv nroog xwb, tab sis kuj tseem nyob hauv tsev, rau kev tsim toj roob hauv pes. Txoj kev ua los ntawm cov vuas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsim kom muaj kev zoo nkauj zoo nkaujqhov chaw, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg, thaum cov dej noo ntau dhau ua cov av nkos thiab cov av nkos.
Paving slabs tuaj yeem nteg tawm qhov chaw nres tsheb rau lub tsheb hnyav. Qhov ntom ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm cov pobzeb cam khwb cia tuaj yeem tsim qhov chaw ruaj khov heev.
khoom ntawm paving slabs
Paving slabs yog nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig hnyav. Ntawm no thiab ntau noo noo, thiab lub caij ntuj no Frost, thiab lub caij ntuj sov tshav kub. Txhawm rau hloov qhov sib txawv no thaum tswj hwm tus yam ntxwv qub, paving slabs yuav tsum muaj ntau yam khoom:
- siab hnav tsis kam.
- % tsawg kawg ntawm kev nqus dej.
- High lub zog thiab Frost tsis kam.
Los ntawm qhov pom kev zoo nkauj, cov vuas pav yuav tsum tuaj ntau yam duab thiab xim kom koj tuaj yeem xaiv txoj hauv kev tsim qauv rau ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov chaw kho kom zoo nkauj.
Txoj kev ua thiab tso cov vuas
Ua thiab nteg paving slabs nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim ntawm ib tug neeg tsis muaj kev pab sab nraud. Txhawm rau npaj cov haujlwm ua haujlwm, koj yuav tsum npaj qee cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov cuab yeej. Txhawm rau npaj cov tshuaj, koj yuav xav tau xuab zeb, cement, superplasticizer thiab gravel. Npaj txhua yam koj xav tau los ua paving slabs:
- Tile pwm.
- Mix container, thoob.
- Bayonet shovel.
- xov nrog kev sib txuas.
- Scapula.
- Level, roulette.
Hom pwm rau casting paving slabs
Raws li ib feem ntawm kev faib cov ntawv rau paving slabs, peb yuav tsis xav txog cov kev xaiv uas siv rau nws cov khoom lag luam. Peb txaus siab rau hom pwm uas tuaj yeem siv rau tus kheej tsim.
- daim ntawv ntoo hauv daim ntawv formwork. Qhov feem ntau primitive version ntawm pwm rau ua cov vuas. Nws yog nthuav nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tuav fastened ua ke. Rau pouring cement, qhov no tsim yog ntsia rau ntawm ib tug ca hlau los yog polyethylene nto. Peb sau daim ntawv ib nrab, nteg lub reinforcement, sau nws mus rau qhov kawg. Siv hom qauv no tsuas yog muab ib hom ntawv xwb. Ntoo thaiv yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm kom tshem tawm cov pobzeb tiav.
- Silicon pwm. Yooj yim rau siv vim nws elasticity. Daim ntawv no tsis tas yuav tsum tau kho nrog cov kua roj lubricating kom yooj yim tshem tawm cov pobzeb tiav. Nws yuav tsum tau siv rau ntawm cov khoom, zoo kawg nkaus du nto, txwv tsis pub distortion thiab distortion ntawm pwm thaum lub sij hawm casting yog ua tau. Txhawm rau ua cov vuas, koj yuav xav tau ntau lub pwm, txwv tsis pub cov txheej txheem casting yuav luag rau lub sijhawm ntev. Silicone pwm yog ruaj thiab hnav-resistant. Koj tuaj yeem muab cov pobzeb pobzeb txhua qhov kev ntxhib los mos nrog cov pwm no.
- Polyurethane daim ntawv. Nws yog qhov zoo sib xws hauv cov khoom rau silicone, tab sis yog ntau ruaj thiab tsis hloov pauv. Qhov tsis zoo suav nrog tus nqi siab ntawm daim ntawv no.
- ABS yas. Sib txawv nyob rau hauv siab tsis kam rau tshuab thiab durability. Cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no yog siv rau ntau yam kev siv,phab ntsa thickness ncav cuag 1.5-2mm.
- PVC yas. Tsawg cov khoom siv ruaj khov thiab nkig. Tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no yog tsawg, yog li koj yuav tsum yuav ob peb daim ib zaug nrog cov paj hauv cov ntaub ntawv puas tsuaj.
- Metal. Haum rau kev ua pwm tsis muaj kev ntxhib los mos. Cov thav duab hlau muaj qhov sib tsoo, uas ua rau nws yooj yim dua kom tshem tawm cov nplais tiav los ntawm pwm.
- Form nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug ncej. Hom no yog tsim los rau cov vuas casting ncaj qha ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub masonry. Cov txheej txheem yog yooj yim, kev ceev ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm txoj kev taug kev los ntawm kev siv cov cuab yeej no tau nce ntxiv.
DIY ntoo pwm
Ua koj tus kheej pwm tuaj yeem txuag koj nyiaj ntau. Yog tias koj txiav txim siab ua cov pobzeb uas yooj yim tshaj plaws uas tsis muaj kev ntxhib los mos thiab cov qauv, ces cov laug cam yog qhov tsim nyog rau lub hom phiaj no. Nws txaus los txiav txim siab qhov loj me thiab ua ob peb qhov zoo tib yam kom nce qhov nrawm nrawm.
Daim ntawv kab yuav tsum tau sanded thiab leveled. Lub thickness ntawm cov ntoo yuav sib haum mus rau lub thickness ntawm cov pobzeb yav tom ntej. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws thickness rau cov vuas yuav yog 3-5 cm. Yuav kom ncua lub sij hawm ntawm kev siv, nws yog zoo dua los kho cov laug cam nrog ib tug noo-pov thawj txheej. Cov duab yooj yim tshaj plaws yog square lossis daim duab peb sab. Nqa tawm qhov txiav ntawm cov nqaj, kho cov ces kaum nrog tus kheej tapping screws. Daim ntawv npaj siv tau.
DIY silicone pwm
Txhawm rau ua cov pwm silicone nrog kev ntxhib los mos, peb xav tau peb theem silicone. Nws muaj ib lub hauv paus, hardener thiab catalyst, uas yog tov nyob rau hauv tej proportions. Rau imprinttextures, koj tuaj yeem siv cov qauv plasticine. Kev tsim technology yog raws li nram no:
- Qhov peb-theem silicone sib tov yog kneaded raws li cov neeg tsim khoom xav tau.
- Daim ntawv uas cov silicone yuav muab nchuav yog teem. Peb nteg tawm cov txheej txheem plasticine raws li cov npoo ntawm cov pob qij txha txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm
- Cov ntsiab lus tau teeb tsa rau saum npoo ntawm daim ntawv los tsim kev xav.
- Cov ntsiab lus yog lubricated nrog zaub roj lossis lwm yam roj nplua nyeem.
- Cov khoom sib xyaw silicone yog nchuav.
Daim ntawv tau txais yuav pab koj rau lub sijhawm ntev, tab sis nws cov nqi yuav ntau dua li lwm cov kev xaiv hauv tsev.
pav mortar
Txhawm rau npaj cov tshuaj uas cov vuas yuav raug pov, koj yuav tsum xaiv daim ntawv qhia koj nyiam. Txoj kev ua paving slabs zoo ib yam, tab sis muaj qee qhov nuances.
Qhov kev xaiv yooj yim tshaj plaws yog kev sib xyaw ntawm dej, cement thiab xuab zeb. Dej yuav tsum huv si, tsis muaj impurities. Yog tias koj xav tau cov pobzeb teeb, ces muab cov xuab zeb dawb quartz. Txawm li cas los xij uas koj xaiv, nws yuav tsum zoo ib yam thiab huv si, tsis muaj impurities ntawm av nplaum thiab pob zeb. Cov cement rau qhov sib tov yuav tsum yog M400 lossis M500. Qhov ratio ntawm cement thiab xuab zeb yog 1: 3. Cov khoom no sib tov kom txog thaum sib tov homogeneous. Tom qab ntawd, maj mam qhia dej, stirring tas li. Qhov sib tov yuav tsum zoo li qhov sib xws ntawm qaub cream.
Kev sib xyaw nrog kev sib ntxiv ntawm cov yas yas yog ua tau. Nws yog diluted nyob rau hauv dej kub, ces tov nrog cement. Tom qab ntawd ntxiv xuab zeb rau qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab sib tov sib xyaw. Maj mam ntxiv dej kom txog thaum cov dej sib tov pib ntws zoo los ntawm lub tshuab tov khoom nozzle. Lub plasticizer yuav txhim kho cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom sib tov, txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kab nrib pleb, delamination, ua kom yooj yim thiab lub zog ntawm cov khoom. Raws li cov yas yas, koj tuaj yeem siv xab npum, ntxhua khaub ncaws, nqaij qaib protein, lossis yuav cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke ntawm lub khw muag khoom kho vajtse.
Koj tuaj yeem ntxiv cov pob zeb crushed rau kev daws, nws yuav muab cov nplais saum npoo ntxiv lub zog thiab nce qib ntawm Frost tsis kam ntawm txheej. Pob zeb crushed yuav tsum huv si, nrog ib feem ntawm 5-10 mm. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev ua mortar rau paving slabs, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom soj ntsuam proportions. Txwv tsis pub, cov khoom kawg yuav dhau los ua qhov tsis zoo.
paving slab manufacturing txheej txheem
Npaj cov yam xav tau ntawm silicone pwm ntawm cov qauv tsim nyog. Nws raug nquahu kom siv ob peb daim ntawv zoo ib yam. Ncuav cov tshuaj tiav rau hauv pwm thiab tos kom txog thaum sib tov dries. Tsis txhob tam sim ntawd npaj ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cov tshuaj, thaum nws pib qhuav tawm, lub loj yuav tsis yog homogeneous. Hauv kev tsim khoom hauv Hoobkas, xovxwm yog siv los ua paving slabs. Cov thev naus laus zis no tso cai rau ua tiav qhov ntsuas lub zog zoo tshaj plaws.
Cov pobzeb ua tiav yog muab tso rau ntawm qhov chaw, uas muaj cov txheej ntawm pob zeb thiab xuab zeb.
Yog tias koj siv lub thav duab, ces txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim txoj kev taug kev yuav nrawm dua. Masonry technology yuavmuaj ntau theem. Cov lus qhia ua ntu zus rau kev ua paving slabs nrog koj tus kheej tes tau muab hauv qab no.
- Ntawm lub ntiaj teb los ntawm cov khib nyiab, tshem tawm cov txheej saum toj kawg nkaus.
- Tau ib txheej pob zeb thiab xuab zeb. Qib saum npoo.
- Tsim tus ncej puab nyob rau hauv qhov chaw.
- Tau pwm ib nrab ntawm cov cement.
- Txau me ntsis ntawm pob zeb zoo.
- Sau daim foos kom txog thaum kawg, ua tib zoo mloog rau qhov chaw nyuaj mus txog.
- Thaum cov cement tau teem, tshem cov pwm thiab txav mus rau ntu tom ntej.
Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm hom pobzeb no, nws tsis tas yuav tos kom cov cement kom tawv, nws txaus rau cov txheej saum toj kawg nkaus kom kho tau raws li qhov xav tau.
pav paving slabs
Dyes muaj peev xwm muab paving slabs cov xim uas xav tau, sib xws rau cov qauv thiab tus neeg nyiam. Lub peev xwm los tsim cov xim paving slabs yuav muab rau koj ntau yam kev xaiv rau kev tsim ntawm koj lub tiaj nraum qaum tsev.
Muaj peb txoj hauv kev los pleev xim paving slabs:
- Kev daws teeb meem. Cov xim xim xim yog nkag mus rau hauv cov tshuaj maj mam. Thaum nplawm rau 5-8 feeb, qhov sib tov ua homogeneous.
- Tau qhov chaw tiav. Cov pobzeb yog them nrog ib txheej ntawm cov xim los yog cov kua roj vanish kom muab cov xim thiab gloss rau saum npoo. Txoj kev no yog siv nyiaj ntau dua piv rau kev pleev xim rau tag nrho cov cement loj. Cov txheej txheem yuav muab tsis tau tsuas yog cov xim uas xav tau rau txheej, tab sis kuj tiv thaiv cov cement los ntawm ib puag ncig cuam tshuam thiab txuas ntxiv nws lub neej kev pab cuam. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm txoj kev pleev xim rau saum npoo yog qhov kev puas tsuaj maj mam nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam ntawm kev tsheb loj.
- Siv ob mortars rau cov vuas. Txoj kev no yog siv cov xim cement los pleev xim rau ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm cov pobzeb, thiab sau tag nrho cov pwm nrog cov xim tsis muaj xim. Txoj kev no txo qis qhov xav tau ntawm cov xim, uas txhais tau tias nws txuag koj cov nyiaj txiag. Vim cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov xim nyob rau hauv lub thickness ntawm txheej txheej, xws li txheej yuav tsis raug puas thiab yuav kav ntev.
Yuav xaiv xim twg?
Cov dyes lawv tus kheej tuaj yeem ua kua, hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom sib tov xoob. Raws li cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, dyes yog:
- YPolyurethane. Lawv pab ntau dua rau kev tiv thaiv dua li kev txhim kho cov yam ntxwv sab nraud. Tsim ib txheej txheej uas ua rau kom hnav tsis kam, tiv thaiv tshuaj lom neeg thiab huab cua cuam tshuam.
- Alkyd. Zoo heev rau yav dhau los version hais txog lub peev xwm los ua kom cov haujlwm ua haujlwm ntawm cov vuas. Qhov tsis zoo yog qhov muaj cov ntxhiab tsw ntxhiab uas nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw kho tau ntev.
- Rubber. Kev xaiv txheej zoo heev uas muaj tag nrho cov khoom zoo ntawm alkyd thiab polyurethane sib tov, thaum ua haujlwm tsis muaj ntxhiab, tab sis tus nqi ntawm cov dyes yog ntau dua li tus nqi ntawm cov analogues, thiab nws tsis yog ib txwm muaj peev xwm yuav cov khoom siv vim nws qhov tsawg. nthuav dav ntawm kev ua lag luam.market.
- muaj hmoo. Muaj peev xwm tsim tau lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj, pheej yig thiab tsis muaj mob rau kev noj qab haus huv.
- Organic pigments. Lawv tau nkag mus rau hauv cov khoom sib xyaw, lawv muaj cov ntsiab lus me me ntawm pob zeb.
- tshuaj dyes. Tseem npaj rau kev sib tov. Lawv txawv nyob rau hauv lawv fragility nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev tswj cov khoom qub. Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw no qis dua piv rau cov organic.
Txhua hom xim muaj nws qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, ua ntej yuav, txiav txim siab seb qhov kev xaiv twg yuav yooj yim rau koj.
Vibrating rooj rau casting paving slabs
Ntawm cov chaw lag luam tshwj xeeb, lub rooj vibrating yog siv rau kev tsim cov paving slabs. Lub tshuab vibrocompression xav tias ib qho kev faib tawm ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem dhau ntawm lub matrix, thaum huab cua npuas uas nyob rau hauv lub thickness ntawm hardening loj raug tshem tawm. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm qhov sib tov, tau txais cov khoom muaj zog heev thiab hnav-tiv taus.
Kev siv cov cuab yeej zoo li no rau kev tsim cov paving slabs yuav tsim nyog yog tias koj npaj yuav npog thaj tsam loj ntawm qhov chaw, suav nrog kev ua chaw nres tsheb.
In xaus
cov nplais ua tus kheej yuav txuag koj nyiaj ntau. Thiab cov txheej txheem nws tus kheej yuav zoo siab thiab nthuav.
