Cov kws tshaj lij ua haujlwm nrog ntoo muaj peev xwm tsim cov khoom zoo nkauj zoo kawg li los ntawm nws: rooj tog, khoom siv sab hauv, thiab lwm yam. Ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev los muab gloss rau cov qauv xuas tes ua, muaj ib txoj hauv kev yooj yim los hais txog tag nrho lawv qhov zoo - staining. Lub ntsiab kom zoo dua ntawm qhov kev kho mob no yog cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov stain tsis npog lub nto, tab sis nkag mus rau hauv nws, highlighting cov kev ntxhib los mos ntawm fibers.
yog dab tsi?
Ntoo stain (los yog stain) yog ib qho tshwj xeeb muaj pes tsawg leeg uas yuav luag txhua tsob ntoo tuaj yeem muab qhov ntxoov ntxoo xav tau. Nws ua rau cov khoom siv zoo nkauj thiab zoo nkauj. Kev ua lag luam rau cov tebchaw no loj heev - nws suav nrog cov hmoov, npaj cov kev daws teeb meem, nrog rau cov kua concentrates.
Nws yog siv rau ib hom tha xim ntawm ntoo, txawm li cas los xij, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm stain thiab xim yog tias cov txheej zoo li no muaj kev tiv thaiv dej noo ntau dua thiab kis tau tus mob.yam ntxwv. Kev ua cov khoom siv nrog xws li kev daws teeb meem muab kev tiv thaiv los ntawm ya raws, txheej txheem lwj, kab thiab tsis cuam tshuam rau nws qhov kev ntxhib los mos. Yog li, nrog kev pab ntawm staining, cov rooj tog ntoo zoo tib yam thiab cov khoom siv sab hauv tuaj yeem hloov mus ua cov khoom kim heev uas zoo li cov khoom siv ntoo kim.
Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov tias tsis yog tag nrho cov ntoo tom qab ua tiav yuav zoo li ntuj thiab ntuj, vim tias ib qho yuav zoo tagnrho rau kev ua haujlwm li no, thaum lwm qhov tsis yog. Txhawm rau ua tiav qhov xav tau, nws yuav tsum ua tib zoo nyeem cov ntaub ntawv qhia ntawm cov ntawv sau ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw, nws feem ntau hais tias cov khoom siv twg yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm nrog.
Nyob stains
Txhua qhov sib xyaw rau staining ntoo, nrog rau cov xim thiab cov kua roj vanish, muab faib ua hom, nyob ntawm lawv lub hom phiaj: cov khoom siv sab hauv thiab sab nraud. Qhov kawg ntawm cov no suav nrog cov xim uas tsis ploj mus vim raug rau ultraviolet hluav taws xob. Tam sim no, stains raug muag nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm pastes, hmoov thiab npaj txhij-ua mixs.
Nyob ntawm qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm stains, nws tuaj yeem yog:
- dej;
- acrylic;
- cawv;
- tshuaj;
- wax;
- oily;
- nrog cov nyhuv whitening.
roj stains
Roj stain rau ntoo ua rau nws muaj peev xwm muab cov khoom muaj xim lossis ntxoov ntxoo los ntawm tag nrho cov palette paub rau txiv neej. Qhov no yog ua tiav los ntawm kev sib tovdyes nyob rau hauv ib tug soluble sib tov. Feem ntau, txhawm rau txhawm rau ua kom cov stains zoo li no, cov kws ua haujlwm siv lub siab dawb huv. Hauv kev xyaum, cov stains ntoo tau pom tias lawv tus kheej yog hom txheej tsis zoo tshaj plaws, txij li lawv tau thov sib npaug, tsis txhob nqa cov fibers thiab qhuav sai.
Ua haujlwm nrog cov tshuaj zoo li no tsuas yog tias cov khoom tsis kis tau. Cov roj stain rau ntoo, zoo li lwm yam, yuav tsis pab nqa ib tsob ntoo uas nquag rot los yog puas los ntawm kab rau hauv cov duab kom zoo. Nws tuaj yeem tiv thaiv ntoo los ntawm cov txheej txheem teeb meem, tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem "kho" cov khoom puas.
Cov roj hauv qhov stain no ua rau qhov chaw kho mob tsis yog ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg, tab sis kuj siv tau yooj yim. Vim qhov yooj yim ntawm kev siv, nws raug pom zoo rau cov neeg pib tshiab hauv cov kws ntoo siv cov roj stains rau ntoo, vim tias lawv yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem ua rau qee yam khoom lwj.
Tom qab kev kho mob nrog cov roj tov, qhov saum npoo zoo tshaj plaws nrog cov roj rooj tog lossis siv quav ciab.
Tseem roj-raws li stains
Muaj ob hom roj stains: impregnating thiab pigment.
Pigment compositions yog siv rau saum npoo ntawm cov khoom ntoo nrog cov ntaub mos muag huv si ua los ntawm cov ntaub. Tom qab ib lub sijhawm, nws yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm. Nws tsis yog qhov tsim nyog los tiv thaiv qhov stain rau ib lub sijhawm, nws yuav tsum tau ua raws li kev nplua nuj ntawm qhov ntxoov ntxoo ntawm ntoo. Ntev npaum li koj tuav nws, cov khoom yuav tsaus dua. Txawm li cas los xij, nws raug pom zoo kom tshem tawm cov stain me ntsis ua ntej qhov kev xav tau ua tiav, txij li nws feem, uas tau nkag mus rau cov ntoo fibers, yuav tsaus rau qee lub sijhawm. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov kev kho mob no yog tias nws tiv taus lub hnub ncaj qha tsis zoo thiab yog tias tsob ntoo tsis npog nrog sealant tom qab nws, nws yuav ploj mus sai sai.
Impregnating roj stain rau ntoo yog qhov nyuaj rau thov, yog li nws tsis pom zoo rau cov pib tshiab. Kev txawj tsis txaus hauv daim ntawv thov yuav ua rau muaj xim streaks thiab smudges.
Txhua hom roj stain rau ntoo muaj nws qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, uas dhau los ua tsis tshua pom nrog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev paub, vim tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua haujlwm ncaj qha yog nyob ntawm kev txawj ntawm tus tuav.
Composition
Cov roj stain rau ntoo muab rau muaj:
- solvent;
- ziab roj lossis roj;
- xim (dye).
Lub hauv paus ntawm txhua qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg yog ziab roj lossis roj. Dawb ntsuj plig feem ntau ua raws li cov kuab tshuaj, vim nws cov txiaj ntsig tau raug pov thawj los ntawm ntau xyoo ntawm kev xyaum. Thiab cov xim ntawm baize yog xaiv raws li xim dab tsi koj xav tau tom qab.
Zaj lus nthuav qhia cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog cov roj stain ntawm ntoo (daim duab).
ua tus kheej
Yuav ua kom cov roj stain rau ntoo nrog koj tus kheej tes, koj tsis tas yuav muaj kev txawj tshwj xeebthiab kev paub. Koj tsuas yog yuav tsum ua raws li cov lus qhia los ntawm cov tswv, uas nyob rau hauv kev xyaum tau sim "hauv tsev" beyets thiab lav lawv cov txiaj ntsig.
Raws li lub hauv paus rau yav tom ntej stain, koj tuaj yeem siv cov roj qhuav qhuav (thiab koj tuaj yeem xaiv txawm tias pheej yig), lossis koj tuaj yeem ua rau koj tus kheej. Ua li no, boil zaub roj (flaxseed yog zoo dua) nyob rau hauv ib da dej. Txhawm rau txo qis cov nplaum nplaum tom qab ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg (ntawm qhov chaw qhuav) thiab ua kom nws qhuav, turpentine ntxiv rau cov roj, raws li qhov tseeb tias ib lub hlis twg ntawm turpentine yuav tsum tau noj rau 1 liter ntawm boiled roj.
Los ntawm kev sib xyaw cov khoom xyaw, peb tau ziab cov roj. Tom ntej no, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los ntxiv ib qho hnyav rau nws - ib 1 liter ntawm kev sib tov 200 ml ntawm cov kuab tshuaj thiab kwv yees li 20 ml ntawm cov xim. Qhov tseeb, tus naj npawb ntawm cov xim yog txiav txim siab thaum lub sij hawm sib tov thiab coj mus rau qhov xav tau ntxoov ntxoo los ntawm kev ntxiv rau hauv me me.
Feem ntau, qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws yog thawj zaug npaj me me ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem, siv qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm cov khoom xyaw thiab txhua zaus sim ua qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qee lub rooj tsavxwm. Cov dye kuj pom zoo kom pib sib tov nrog me me ntawm lub hauv paus, thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd ncuav nws mus rau hauv lub thawv nrog cov roj kom qhuav.
Kev npaj
Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas cov ntoo npaj rau staining yog los ntawm cov ntoo coniferous, ces nws yuav tsum tau deresined ua ntej pleev xim, uas yog, saum npoo yuav tsum tau tso tawm los ntawm resin. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txheej txheem npaj yuav tsum suav nrog kev sib tsoo kom zoo. Txawm tias du thaum xub thawjQhov saum npoo yuav tsum tau polished, txij li tom qab staining cov ntoo yuav pom tag nrho cov pob me me thiab qhov tsis xws luag, uas yuav ua rau muaj kev zoo nkauj zoo nkauj ntawm cov khoom. Cov ntoo ntxuav yuav tsum tau degreased - kho nrog daim txhuam cev yav tas los soaked hauv hnyav.
Txoj cai thov
Roj stain rau ntoo yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws siv nrog txhuam los yog cov menyuam. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev ua, nyob rau hauv tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau koj txuag cov khoom, raws li qhov no yuav ua rau uneven coloring nrog kab txaij los yog me ntsis. Thaum lub sij hawm tha xim, nws yuav zoo li tias qhov ntxoov ntxoo ntawm ntoo raws li qhov tshwm sim yuav tsaus dua li qhov tsim nyog. Qhov no yuav tsis tshwm sim yog tias, tom qab ob peb teev tom qab thov, cov tshuaj uas tsis tau absorbed rau saum npoo yog ua tib zoo wiped tawm. Thiab nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas cov ntoo tom qab ziab tawm kom sib zog dua li qhov xav tau, koj tuaj yeem pleev xim rau saum npoo dua. Qhov tseeb, qhov ziab nrawm kuj yog nyob ntawm qhov concentration ntawm cov stain nws tus kheej, yog tias nws yog ntau concentrated thiab tuab, ces nws yuav siv sij hawm ntev dua kom qhuav.
Roj-raws li ntoo stain dries nyob rau hauv ob peb hnub. Txawm nws qhuav sai los tsis yog nyob ntawm qhov kub ntawm qhov chaw kho mob.
Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj qhov stains ntawm cov khoom tom qab cov stains qhuav, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo npaj nws rau kev pleev xim, ua cov staining nws tus kheej hauv kev ntseeg siab thiab siv sijhawm ntev npaum li cas, yam tsis muaj ploj. txhua nuances.
Ua raws li tag nrho cov lus pom zoo no yuav tso cai rau cov ntoo zoo nkauj txawm tias nyob hauv tsev, tsis yog rau cov kws tshaj lij xwb, tab sis kuj rau cov pib tshiab.
Cov kws qhia kev xav
Qhov yooj yim ntawm daim ntawv thov thiab qhov zoo ntawm qhov kawg tshwm sim yog lub ntsiab yog vim li cas roj stain rau ntoo yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau siv ntoo stains.
Raws li cov lus pom los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntoo, qhov zoo ntawm cov roj feem ntau yog qhov zoo heev. Tab sis muaj ib tug drawback - koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo xaiv qhov xav ntxoov ntxoo thaum staining cov khoom, vim hais tias nrog ib tug tsis muaj kev paub, rov qab daim ntawv thov ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov haujlwm. Qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb yog qhov stain yuav tsum tau siv kom txaus "roj" thiab ua tib zoo faib rau saum npoo nrog txhuam. Cov txheej txheem no yuav siv sij hawm, tab sis qhov tshwm sim zoo heev. Roj compositions zoo nkauj heev hais txog cov qauv ntawm ntoo.
Txawm li cas los xij, koj yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account hom ntoo ua ntej koj pib ua, txwv tsis pub koj tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog tau txais qhov tshwm sim tsis ncaj ncees lawm, tab sis kuj ua rau lub cev tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom. Yog li, piv txwv li, thaum ua beech, ntoo qhib thiab lwm yam ntoo hardwoods, cov roj stains yog siv tam sim ntawd, thiab tom qab ua tiav, qhov tshaj yog tshem tawm nrog ib tug mos ntaub. Ua ntej siv cov khoom siv rau cov ntoo mos (pine, spruce, linden, thiab lwm yam), qhov saum npoo yuav tsum tau them nrog pob tshab primer, thiab tom qab ntawd npog nrog cov stains. Tshaj dhau yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm nrog ib daim ntaub. Tom qab ntawd qhov ntxoov ntxoo ntawm qhov chaw yog qhov sib xws thiab tsis muaj kev ua tsis zoo rau cov khoom lag luam los ntawm cov khw muag khoom.
