Ntawm thev naus laus zis tsis nyob twj ywm. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev hloov pauv mus rau cov khoom siv niaj hnub tshiab rau kev tsim kho. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau cov neeg tsav tsheb niaj hnub no nyiam tsim cov chaw nres tsheb cib. Cov lus piav qhia tseem ceeb rau qhov no yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv, cov uas yuav tsum tau hais txog: lub zog durability ntseeg tau.
Yog tias koj tseem txiav txim siab los tsim cov qauv zoo li no, koj yuav tsum xaiv hom qauv, uas tuaj yeem ua rau phab ntsa, ua-hauv lossis zoo li lub tsev cais. Cov chaw nres tsheb txuas rau lub tsev tseem ceeb yog qhov yooj yim heev, vim tias koj tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv lawv lub tsev, los ntawm sab lossis sab xub ntiag. Ib phab ntsa yuav ua kom sov ua ke nrog lub tsev, uas yuav txuag koj lub zog noj.
Built-in garages feem ntau yog nteg nyob rau theem kev tsim kho, cov kev daws teeb meem no muaj lawv qhov zoo, uas yog yooj yim thiab txuag chaw. Qhov kev xaiv tshaj plaws hauv peb cheeb tsam yog ib lub tsev sib cais. Ib lub chaw nres tsheb no feem ntau yog kab laj kab kom lub rooj vag tig mus rau txoj kev.
Tsim qhov project ua tau zoo tshaj plaws
Ua ntej koj pib tsim lub tsev qiv ntawv cib, koj yuav tsum tsim daim phiaj xwm rau nws. Nyob rau theem no, cov haujlwm tseem ceeb raug daws. Ntawm lawv, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los qhia seb lub chaw nres tsheb yuav siv los ua qhov chaw nres tsheb rau lub tsheb lossis koj npaj yuav ua haujlwm rau kev tshuaj xyuas thiab kho lub tsheb. Hauv qhov no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev txiav txim siab seb puas xav tau lub cellar lossis lub qhov pom.
Qee lub sijhawm ib qhov chaw nres tsheb cib muab rau lub tsev pheeb suab. Nyob rau theem ob, koj yuav tau txiav txim siab qhov loj ntawm lub tsev. Lawv raug xaiv coj mus rau hauv tus account lub cheeb tsam uas yuav tsim kho. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xav txog cov dej num uas lub chaw nres tsheb yuav tau ua. Yog tias nws tsuas yog yuav tsum tau khaws lub tsheb, ces qhov loj me tuaj yeem ua raws li hauv qab no: 3 x 5.5 m. Yog tias muaj ib lub qhov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas los yog cellar, ces qhov ntev yuav txawv, xws li nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thaum cov khoom siv ntxiv yuav tsum tau nruab. sab hauv.
Tsev cim npe
Ua ntej yuav tsim ib lub chaw nres tsheb cib, yuav tsum tau kos npe rau thaj chaw. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, saib xyuas qhov muaj:
- pegs;
- roulettes;
- sledgehammer or rauj;
- hlua ntev.
Cov tom kawg tuaj yeem hloov nrog nylon 40-meter qaum. Yuav tsum muaj txog 10 pegs, lawv qhov ntev yog 40 cm. Cov kab xev ntsuas yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg 5 m. Thaum tag nrho cov cuab yeej tau npaj, qhov chaw rau kev tsim kho yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm.
Pegs tau tsav mus rau hauv cov ces kaum ntawm lub tsev yav tom ntej, thaum lub sijhawm teev tseg yuav tsum ua raws. Pegtxuas nrog hlua los yog hlua. Qhov no yuav npaj av rau kauj ruam tom ntej.
Lub tsev cib no hnyav heev, yog li nws yuav xav tau lub hauv paus. Raws li cov cim, koj yuav tsum khawb ib lub trench nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav manually lossis los ntawm kev xaj ib qho excavator, uas yuav raug nqi ntau dua. Rau lub chaw nres tsheb, lub hauv paus sawb yog tsim, qhov dav ntawm 40 cm lossis ntau dua. Qhov tob ntawm lub hauv paus tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm 60 mus rau 120 cm, uas yuav nyob ntawm txoj kab, av khov. Qhov nruab nrab qhov tob ntawm lub hauv paus yog 100 cm. Muab cov qhov ntev no, koj yuav tsum khawb ib lub trench, khaws lub qhov muag ntawm verticality thiab evenness ntawm phab ntsa. Hauv qab yuav tsum tsis txhob xoob. Txhawm rau txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm lub hauv paus hauv qab, koj tuaj yeem ua 5 cm hauv ncoo ntawm xuab zeb lossis gravel, compacting nws.
Thaum tsim lub chaw nres tsheb cib, cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog pib nchuav lub hauv paus. Qhov kev daws teeb meem yooj yim tshaj plaws yuav yog ib qho qauv tsim. Yuav kom ua raws li lub tswv yim, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau nteg ib lub pob zeb rubble rau hauv qhov npaj trench, sau txhua kab nrog cement mortar kom txog thaum lub trench puv. Lub hauv paus muaj zog dua, lub tsev ntev dua tuaj yeem sawv ntsug. Qhov degree ntawm shrinkage ntawm lub nkas-las, nrog rau qhov yuav ua rau tawg, nyob ntawm qhov no.
Rau cov tshuaj, koj yuav tsum xaiv cov khoom zoo. Ua li no, qib siab cement yog ua ke nrog cov yas, xuab zeb thiab dej. Cov tshuaj yog tov nyob rau hauv ib lub pob zeb tov khoom. Ib lub thoob ntawm cov cement yuav xav tau 2.5 thoob xuab zeb. Ntxiv cov kua dej kom txaus kom muaj qhov sib xws.
Tseem ua ib lub chaw nres tshebNrog koj tus kheej txhais tes, koj tuaj yeem siv cov mortar li niaj zaus rau pouring lub hauv paus. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, crushed pob zeb yog ntxiv es tsis txhob ntawm rubble pob zeb. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ntau mortar yuav siv, thiab ib tug reinforced mesh yuav tsum tau muab ntsia rau hauv lub trench. Yog hais tias hauv av nyuaj heev, lub formwork tsuas yog xav tau nyob rau hauv av ib feem los tsim lub hauv paus. Nws yog tsim los ntawm boards teem raws li theem.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev sib kis ntawm cov cement, yuav tsum tsis muaj qhov lossis qhov khoob hauv qhov formwork. Nws yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog nrog braces. Kev sau yuav tsum tau nqa tawm hauv ob peb txheej, thiab tsis yog ib feem. Tom qab pouring, huab cua yog tshem tawm los ntawm cov tshuaj, lub pob zeb yog compacted, thiab nws nto yog leveled nrog ib tug trowel. Tom qab li ib lub lim tiam, cov cement yuav qhuav, tab sis nws yuav muaj peev xwm pib masonry tsis ntxov tshaj li ib hlis.
Thaum tsim lub chaw nres tsheb cib, koj yuav tsum tiv thaiv nws hauv qab daus los ntawm dej nkag los ntawm kev muab cov txheej txheem dej tsis zoo. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, cov khoom siv vov tsev yog muab tso rau ntawm lub hauv paus hauv 2 txheej. Nws tuaj yeem npog nrog bitumen. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, cov phab ntsa yuav tsis nqus dej los ntawm cov av, thiab lub hauv paus yuav tsis tawg.
Masonry phab ntsa
Thaum lub hauv paus qhuav, koj tuaj yeem pib tsim phab ntsa. Lawv tuaj yeem tsim rau hauv ib lub cib yog tias kev tsim kho tau ua nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam uas muaj huab cua sov. Thaum lub caij ntuj no txias, nws yog qhov zoo dua los tso 1.5 cib rau rwb thaiv tsev. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tsis txhob skew.
Lub mortar yuav tsum muaj tib yam sib xws thoob plaws hauv lub masonry. Ua li no, koj tuaj yeem siv 3 feem ntawm cov xuab zeb thiab ib feem ntawm cov cement. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ua raws liseam thickness, uas yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj ib centimeter. Koj tuaj yeem siv tus qauv lath thaum teeb tsa lub cib.
Npaj rau kev teeb tsa ua haujlwm
Thaum koj ua tiav nrog lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev nres tsheb cib, koj tuaj yeem npaj tag nrho cov cuab yeej, ntawm lawv:
- theem tsev;
- xab;
- bricks;
- peev;
- shovel;
- pummet;
- trowel;
- xaiv;
- buckets.
Cov phab ntsa yuav tsum tau tsim los siv cov cuab yeej siv saw hlau kom ib kab npog cov seams rau lwm kab. Pib nteg tawm ntawm cov ces kaum. Thaum tsim cov phab ntsa, siv lub tsev theem. Los ntawm ncab ib txoj kab nuv ntses los yog hlua ntawm ob lub cib loj, koj tuaj yeem ua tiav kab rov tav zoo meej.
Thaum cov kab nyob ib puag ncig tau nteg tawm, koj tuaj yeem tsa cov ces kaum thiab rub txoj hlua, txuas ntxiv mus ua haujlwm. Yog tias lub ru tsev yog los, koj yuav tsum muab txoj kab nqes rau cov dej ntws. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, cov phab ntsa kawg yog ua los ntawm qhov siab sib txawv, thaum lub ntug ntawm phab ntsa yog sloped. Yog tias qhov chaw nres tsheb muaj qhov ntev ntawm 6 m, txoj kab nqes ntawm 30 cm yuav txaus.
kev xaiv tsim rau lub tsev ob-zaj
Ib chav tsev ob-zaj cib tuaj yeem tsim ua ib qho ntawm ob peb txoj hauv kev. Thawj yog qhov kev tsim kho ntawm chav tsev hauv tsev ua los ntawm cov ntoo; nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, ntoo beams yuav ua raws li lub qab nthab. Qhov kev xaiv thib ob yog sivreinforced pob zeb slabs rau hauv pem teb, thaum lub phab ntsa ntawm lub thib ob pem teb kuj yuav ua los ntawm cib. Thawj qhov kev xaiv yog yooj yim dua los siv, thaum lub tsev thib ob muaj tsawg dua ntawm cov phab ntsa thiab hauv paus.
Attic tuaj yeem ua los ntawm cov kab ntoo. Ua ntej, lub transverse beams yog nteg, uas yog lub hauv paus rau lub qab nthab. Tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem pib tsim lub thav duab ntawm lub tsev thib ob thiab tso cov khoom siv vov tsev. Ob-storey garages nrog monolithic pem teb slabs yog tsim los siv ib tug crane. Nyob rau theem kawg, nws muaj peev xwm ua kom tiav qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb nws tus kheej thiab hauv pem teb thib ob, feem ntau qhov no yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv lub cib los ntawm sab nraud. Rau qhov no, plaster yog siv, thiab sab hauv yog insulated nrog ntxhia ntaub plaub. Rau kev rwb thaiv tsev sab nraud, koj tuaj yeem siv ua npuas ncauj, uas yuav tsis tsuas yog tiv thaiv lub cib los ntawm ya raws, tab sis kuj tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob khov.
Tiav lub tsheb los ntawm sab hauv
Inside, cib garages tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog cov khoom sib txawv. Rau phab ntsa, piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem siv plaster, thiab hauv pem teb feem ntau yog nchuav nrog pob zeb screed. Txoj kev no ua tau raws li feem ntau ntawm cov kev xav tau rau cov tsev zoo li no. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov phab ntsa yuav muaj zog, hluav taws-resistant, resistant rau mechanical stress thiab check. Kev xav tau kev kho yuav tsis tshwm sim sai sai no.
Hloov txoj kev ntub dej, koj tuaj yeem siv cov plaster qhuav, uas yog hu ua drywall. Cov ntawv yog tsau rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm ib qho tshwj xeebkua nplaum los yog txuas rau ib tug hlau ncej. Qhov kev xaiv tom kawg yog siv thaum lub npoo muaj qhov sib txawv loj lossis cov phab ntsa yuav tsum tau insulated. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj hauv kev no ua rau qhov chaw dawb nyob hauv lub chaw nres tsheb.
Cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb
Tom qab tshuaj xyuas cov duab ntawm cib garages, koj tuaj yeem xaiv rau koj tus kheej qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv. Yog tias koj txiav txim siab siv phab ntsa ntub dej, tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum yuav cov khoom siv hluav taws kub-resistant thiab noo noo-resistant. Qee zaum cov neeg tsav tsheb mus rau phab ntsa kho kom zoo nkauj nrog cov vuas luaj ceramic. Nws muab qhov tseeb ntawm qhov chaw, dej tsis kam thiab hluav taws kub. Nws tuaj yeem ntxuav tau yooj yim, txawm tias muaj cov tshuaj detergents. Txhawm rau ua kom tiav qhov chaw nres tsheb, nws raug nquahu kom siv porcelain stoneware lossis clinker versions ntawm cov khoom tiav no.
