Hauv kab lus no koj yuav kawm yuav ua li cas ua lub qhov cub cib rau da dej nrog koj tus kheej tes. Qhov no yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm txhua lub pas dej hauv Lavxias. Txog niaj hnub no, ntau tus tsim chav da dej tsim cov qhov cub ntawm lawv tus kheej. Muaj tsawg zaus, cov kws paub txog qhov cub tau raug caw tuaj koom. Koj tuaj yeem, ntawm chav kawm, nruab ib lub qhov cub hlau, tab sis nws muaj ib qho tsis zoo - cov cheeb tsam "txias" yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov chav. Tab sis lub cib qhov cub yog spared los ntawm xws li ib tug tsis zoo. Nrog nws cov kev pab, koj tuaj yeem tsim ib qho chaw sov so thiab sov so uas yuav tsis hlawv cov kab mob ua pa thiab lub cev. Tab sis nco ntsoov tias nteg lub cub tawg yog ib txoj haujlwm nyuaj heev. Thiab yog li koj yuav tsum tau khaws cov kev paub.
Ntawm ntawm cov qauv cib
Cib qhov cub muaj cov khoom uas tsis muaj lwm qhov cub. Nws tsim nyog hais txog cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:
- Lub qhov cub tuaj yeem haum rau txhua qhov chaw da dej sab hauv, txawm tias cov khoom siv dab tsi los ntawm cov phab ntsa.
- Thaum cua sov, lub qhov muag maj mam thiab tuab tshwm, nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rautib neeg kev noj qab nyob zoo thiab kev noj qab haus huv.
- Lub cib zoo li zoo dua li cov hlau. Yog li ntawd, qee zaum nws tsis tas yuav plaster lossis clad lub qhov cub rau sab nraud.
- Cov khoom siv yog ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg - thaum rhuab mus rau qhov kub siab, tsis muaj tshuaj lom neeg raug tso tawm.
- Cov qauv cib muaj qhov ruaj khov dua li lwm yam.
- Lub cib siv hauv kev tsim khoom yog ib qho zoo heev accumulator ntawm thermal zog. Nws tso cai rau koj khaws qhov kub thiab txias hauv chav chav rau lub sijhawm ntev.
- Condensation tsis tsim nyob rau hauv cib.
- Tab sis yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias yog tias koj ua yuam kev thaum tso, lub qhov cub yuav tsis ua haujlwm zoo, nws yuav tsis khaws cua sov.
- Koj tuaj yeem siv roj los ua kom sov lub qhov cub - ntoo, ceg ntoo, thee, txawm tias moss qhuav.
- Tab sis tag nrho cov qauv ntawm lub cub tawg loj heev.
- Tsis muaj qhov cub chimney tu txhua hli.
Black sauna
Qhov tseeb, cib qhov cub rau cov ntoo raug rho tawm haujlwm sauna txawv ntawm ib leeg, thiab tseem ceeb heev. Thiab txhua hom muaj qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Cov hom hauv qab no tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv:
- Nrog qhov cub.
- Grey.
- Nyob dub.
- Nyob dawb.
Yog tias koj txiav txim siab ua qhov cub dub, tsis tas yuav tsim lub chimney. Tag nrho cov pa luam yeeb hauv qhov tsim no yuav tawm hauv chav chav. Cov da dej zoo li no tau siv rau ntau pua xyoo, vim tias chav sov sov sai heev hauv lawv.
Tab sis muaj qhov downside - ua ntejTxhawm rau pib ua cov txheej txheem da dej, koj yuav tsum tau tos kom tiav cov hluav taws kub hauv qhov cub. Tab sis tom qab ob peb teev, qhov cua tsis txaus ntseeg yuav kav hauv chav chav. Nws raug nquahu kom kho tag nrho cov phab ntsa nrog cov khoom uas yuav zam kom tsis txhob muaj cov kua qaub.
Da dej grey, dawb thiab nrog lub qhov cub
Cov qhov cub Grey tau tsim nrog lub qhov cub, tab sis cov hmoov av tseem nyob ntawm pob zeb. Yog li ntawd, nws yuav tsum tau tos kom txog thaum tag nrho cov roj hlawv tawm hauv qhov cub. Qhov zoo ntawm qhov kev tsim no yog tias nws heats sai heev thiab tsis tawm ntau cov khib nyiab. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm qhov yooj yim cib qhov cub rau da dej, koj tuaj yeem siv cov qauv tsim no kom nyab xeeb thaum siv.
Qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau ib puag ncig yog qhov cub dawb. Tab sis nws kuj yog qhov kev xaiv kim tshaj plaws. Ua kom sov lub pob zeb yog nqa tawm ntawm lub qhov cub, qee zaum 12 teev yog siv rau qhov no. Koj yuav tsum khaws cov roj ntau ntau. Tab sis nrog hluav taws kub nyhiab hauv qhov cub, koj tuaj yeem txaus siab rau cov txheej txheem da dej kom ntev npaum li koj nyiam.
Lub slab tsim ntawm lub qhov cub tso cai rau cua sov pob zeb los ntawm ob lub qhov cub cam khwb cia hlau. Ib qho yog muab tso ncaj qha rau saum lub firebox, thiab qhov thib ob yog muab tso rau saum lub chimney. Txhawm rau kom ua tau zoo, cov phiaj no yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov cib. Yog tias koj xav tau, koj tuaj yeem hloov lub tank dej thiab pob zeb.
bib xaiv
Txhawm rau kom lub qhov cub ua haujlwm rau koj lub sijhawm ntev, thiab tsis ua rau muaj teeb meem, koj yuav tsum xaiv lub cib kom zoo. Nws yuav tsum yog qhov zoo. Nyob rau hauv lub chaw tsim khoom ntawm firebox, koj tsis tuaj yeem siv lub cib yooj yim, los ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev. Tsuas yog hom refractory yuav tsum tau siv. Nws yog tsim los ntawmfireclay av nplaum, cov yam ntxwv muaj ntau dua li lwm hom cib.
Tus nqi ntawm nws, ntawm chav kawm, kuj tsis tsawg. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias cov khoom no muaj ib qho tsis zoo - nws tsis tuaj yeem sau cov cua sov, vim nws txias sai txaus. Tab sis kom ua tau zoo, koj tuaj yeem ua lub qhov cub cib-hlau rau da dej. Tom qab tag nrho, cov hlau ua kom sov sai dua thiab muab cov cua sov kom zoo.
Tab sis nws tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias heev. Nws yog vim li no tias nrog nws cov kev pab nws yog tsim nyog los nteg tawm tsuas yog qhov chaw nyob ib ncig ntawm lub firebox. Cov seem seem yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm silicate cib los yog hollow. Nws raug tso cai siv cov pob zeb zoo nkauj uas raug rho tawm ntawm peb sab. Nws yuav tsum tau muab tso rau sab plaub, uas tsis tau hlawv, tig mus rau sab hauv ntawm chav tsev.
Kev xav tau rau cov cib
Cov qauv cib qhov ntev yog 125 x 250 x 65 mm. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias feem ntau cov khoom ntawm tib lub hom, tab sis txawv manufacturers, txawv. Thaum ua lub qhov cub, tsuas yog siv cov khoom qub xwb, yog li cov cib yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo xaiv kom lawv loj tib yam. Txwv tsis pub, lub firebox yuav poob sib nrug, cov kab nrib pleb yuav pib tsim los ntawm cov cua sov yuav dim. Hauv qhov no, nws yuav ua tsis tau kom sov chav.
Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv cov cib nrog lub npe "M", qhov ntsuas yuav tsum yog los ntawm 75 mus rau 150. Lub degree ntawm Frost tsis kam yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 25 cycles. Qhov nokoj tuaj yeem pom tus yam ntxwv yog tias koj saib cov ntaub ntawv thauj khoom. Thiab yog tias koj yuav tag nrho cov khoom siv hauv tsev loj, nug tus neeg muag khoom. Thaum ua lub qhov cub cib rau da dej nrog koj tus kheej tes, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo xaiv cov ntaub ntawv. Txwv tsis pub, qhov zoo ntawm cov masonry yuav tsis zoo heev.
Thov nco ntsoov tias cov khoom yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj qhov tsis xws luag, chips lossis tawg. Cov duab yuav tsum zoo kawg nkaus symmetrical, ob sab yog du, lub kaum sab xis yog sib npaug. Koj tsis tuaj yeem yuav ib lub cib nrog ntau qhov pores lossis cuam tshuam nrog cov ntsiab lus. Fireclay cib yuav tsum yog lub teeb daj lossis dawb.
Koj tuaj yeem khob qhov khoom me me ntawm lub cev ntawm lub cib, yog tias lub suab du, ces cov khoom siv no tsis haum rau kev tsim lub cub tawg. Lub suab yuav tsum yog "metallic", sonorous. Thiab yog tias koj pov ib lub cib, ces thaum nws ntog, nws yuav tsum tawg mus rau hauv ob peb daim loj. Yog hais tias nws tawg ua me me, ces qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom yog tsawg heev.
Cov cuab yeej thiab cov khoom siv
Yuav ua kom lub qhov cub rau da dej, koj xav tau kev paub txog tag nrho cov thev naus laus zis, tab sis nws yuav tsis yog superfluous kom muaj cov cuab yeej thiab cov ntaub ntawv:
- Building square.
- Kub rauj.
- Tawm.
- tsev theem.
- Pickaxes.
- ib txwm kav thiab xaum rau kos.
- kab kab.
- Abrasive log thiab grinder.
- Pliers.
- Red ceramic cib.
- Firebrick.
- Muaj peev xwm sib tov mortar.
- khoom siv dej tsis zoo.
- Hluav taws kub.
Masonry Mortar
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias ib qho mortar yooj yim raws li cov cement thiab xuab zeb los ua lub cub tawg yuav tsis ua haujlwm. Ntawm no nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau siv ib qho kev sib xyaw uas yog tsim los ntawm av nplaum thiab xuab zeb. Txhawm rau tso lub cub tawg ua los ntawm cov cib refractory, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum siv cov tshuaj tua hluav taws, nws tuaj yeem ua kom tawv nqaij ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, tig mus rau hauv monolith. Los ntawm sab nraud, qhov kub tsis ncav cuag 700 degrees, yog li qhov kev daws teeb meem no yuav sai sai poob nws qhov zoo thiab pib tawg.
Tsuas ntawm cov qauv yog nteg tawm siv ib tug mortar ntawm refractory av nplaum thiab xuab zeb. Nws raug nquahu kom siv cov chaw txua txiag zeb lossis roob xuab zeb, nco ntsoov sift nws los ntawm lub sieve nrog lub xovtooj ntawm tsis pub tshaj 2 hli. Qhov no yuav tiv thaiv cov tsos ntawm cov khoom loj hauv qhov sib tov. Cov tshuaj yuav muaj cov qauv homogeneous.
Av nplaum yog tsau rau hauv dej thiab tawm rau 1-2 hnub. Tom qab ntawd nws yog lim los ntawm ib tug nplua-mesh sieve thiab sib tov. Yog tias tsim nyog, cov txheej txheem lim tau rov ua dua ob peb zaug. Koj yuav tsum muaj qhov sib tov sib xyaw uas zoo li qaub cream. Tom qab ntawd, cov av nplaum tov yog tov nrog ib tug tov khoom kom tau ib homogeneous tuab tuab. Ntxiv dej me ntsis yog tias tsim nyog.
Thaum kawg, koj yuav tsum tau ntxiv xuab zeb, nws yuav tsum tau diluted nrog dej. Tus nqi ntawm cov xuab zeb nyob ntawmdab tsi yog cov roj cov ntsiab lus ntawm av nplaum. Kev tswj kom zoo ntawm qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg yog nqa tawm los ntawm kev siv lub tshuab ntoo. Nws yuav tsum tau dipped nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj. Nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim hais tias cov sib tov yog ua kom raug, ib txheej ntawm 2 hli yuav tsim nyob rau saum npoo ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm. Yog tias txheej txheej no muaj qhov tuab tsawg dua 2 hli, ces av nplaum yuav tsum tau ntxiv. Yog tias ntau, ces koj yuav tau dilute qhov sib tov nrog xuab zeb.
Thov nco ntsoov tias cov tshuaj no yuav tsum tau siv tam sim tom qab tsim khoom, vim nws yuav plam tag nrho nws cov khoom sai sai. Vim li no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los npaj cov sib tov me me kom muaj sij hawm siv nws sai li sai tau.
Nkauj kho siab
Raws li kev tsim vaj tsev, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ua ib qhov project rau lub qhov cub cib rau da dej ua ntej tsim khoom. Nws yuav tsum qhia tag nrho cov nta, pib los ntawm qhov zoo li cas yuav yog, thiab xaus nrog qhov chaw ntawm ib tug neeg cib. Nws nyob ntawm qhov no ntev npaum li cas koj tuaj yeem khiav lub qhov cub. Nws tuaj yeem muaj ntau txoj kev xaiv masonry, nws raug nquahu kom sab laj nrog cov kws tshaj lij txhawm rau txhawm rau hloov thiab hloov kho, lawv tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua haujlwm. Hauv kev tsim cov cib qhov cub rau da dej nrog lub tank, ib qho khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau muab. Cov cwj pwm yooj yim no yuav tso cai rau koj kom sov li chav nyob sib ze. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tseem tuaj yeem txav lub tank tawm ntawm qhov cub.
Txawm hais tias qhov kev xaiv masonry thiab siv daim duab ntawm lub qhov cub cib rau da dej, cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no yuav tshwm sim:
- Firebox. Nws yog tsim los ntawm fireproofcib.
- Lub chimney yog ua los ntawm ceramic liab los yog silicate hollow cib.
- Lub tank xav tau los khaws dej. Nws yog ua los ntawm hlau.
- Lub ashpit yog lub qhov cub, lub qhov cub cam khwb cia, hauv qab lub qhov cub, nws khaws tag nrho cov khoom siv rau da dej, thiab lwm yam.
Tsim lub hauv paus
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias lub hauv paus rau kev tsim lub qhov cub cib rau da dej nrog lub qhov cub yog tsim nyog nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub. Txawm tias thaum da dej yog ntsia rau ntawm lub hauv paus monolithic. Thov nco ntsoov tias qhov kub thiab txias ntawm lub hauv paus tsev thiab lub hauv paus rauv yog txawv. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog hais tias nruab nrab ntawm lawv muaj kev ncua deb ntawm ib nrab ib 'meter', thiab nyiam dua. Cov lus qhia ua ntu zus los ua lub hauv paus:
- Khawb ib lub qhov, nws qhov tob yuav tsum nyob ntawm seb cov av zoo li cas hauv qab da dej. Feem ntau qhov tob txog li 1 meter yog txaus. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog tias qhov loj ntawm lub hauv paus yuav loj dua li ntawm qhov cub, txog 10 cm ntawm txhua sab. Nco ntsoov tawm qhov sib txawv nruab nrab ntawm lub nraub qaum ntawm qhov cub thiab phab ntsa da dej. Rau cov tsev ntoo, koj xav tau yam tsawg 15 cm, rau cib thiab pob zeb - txog 7 cm.
- Nyob hauv qab ntawm lub qhov, yuav tsum tau sau rau hauv ib txheej ntawm 15 cm ntawm xuab zeb thiab sau nrog dej.
- Tom qab ntawd, saum cov xuab zeb, yuav tsum tau muab cov cib lossis pob zeb tawg. Lub thickness ntawm txheej yuav tsum yog li 20 cm.
- Muab ib txheej ntawm pob zeb crushed hla lub pob zeb. Lub thickness yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 15 cm.
- Nruab lub formwork, nws yog ua los ntawm ntoo boards. Lawv tsuas ntsia ntsia xwb. Tab sis nco ntsoov tias cov formwork yuav tsum muaj qib siablub zog, vim pob zeb yuav nchuav rau hauv, uas muaj ib qho loj.
- Inside the formwork, thav duab ua los ntawm kev txhawb nqa rods yog ntsia.
- Qhov siab ntawm lub hauv paus yuav tsum yog li 15 cm. Muab cov tshuaj npaj rau hauv lub formwork, bayonet kom tshem tawm cov npuas npuas.
- Tom qab cov mortar tau hardened (thiab qhov no yuav siv sij hawm tsawg kawg yog ib lub lim tiam), cov formwork yuav tsum tau dismantled.
- Tau tar lossis mastic raws li bitumen ntawm ob sab. Nyob rau hauv cov seams uas tau tsim, nws yog tsim nyog los sau rau hauv crushed pob zeb, xuab zeb los yog gravel.
- 2-3 txheej ntawm cov khoom siv tiv thaiv dej yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv lub hauv paus.
Thov nco ntsoov tias qhov loj ntawm lub qhov cub cib rau da dej yuav tsum me dua lub hauv paus. Nov yog lub ntsiab rau kev tsim kho.
Masonry ntawm lub ntsiab lub qhov cub
Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem pib ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub qhov cub sauna. Cov lus qhia ib ntus:
- Siv ib lub trowel, koj yuav tsum tau sau cov khoom sib tov ntawm cov xuab zeb thiab av nplaum, npog qhov chaw masonry nrog nws thiab theem nws.
- Muab ib lub cib tso rau saum txheej, coj mus rhaub rauj rauj. Lub mortar ntawm kab yuav tsum muaj ib tug tuab ntawm tsis ntau tshaj 5 mm. Nruab nrab ntawm cib ntawm tib kab, lub thickness yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 2 hli. Qhov me me ntawm seam, qhov ruaj khov thiab muaj zog dua tus qauv nws tus kheej. Nco ntsoov lub tsho tiv no ntawm cov cib.
- Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov sib txawv loj los ntawm qhov tshwm sim, koj yuav tsum tau tawg ob peb lub cib rau hauv peb lub hlis twg thiab ib nrab ua ntej. Nco ntsoov nco ntsoov tias cov seams ntawm ib kab tsis coincide nrog rau yav dhau los.thiab tom qab ntawd. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau nce mus txog 40-50% ntawm qhov ntev ntawm lub cib.
- Tom qab tso thawj kab, nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau nruab lub qhov rooj tshuab. Rau fasteners, koj yuav tsum tau siv ib tug nruj hlau, lub thickness yuav tsum tshaj 3 hli. Nws yog screwed rau ntawm cov ces kaum ntawm lub qhov rooj. Yog tias yuav tsum muaj lub thawv hluav taws xob los ntawm chav hnav khaub ncaws hauv lub qhov cub cib rau da dej, lub sijhawm no yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum tsim qhov project. Koj yuav tsum tig lub qhov cub kom txhua lub qhov rooj nkag mus rau hauv chav hnav khaub ncaws.
- Txhua kab yuav tsum tau kuaj nrog qib, lub qhov cub yuav tsum tsis txhob ua nrog txoj kab nqes.
- Rau kev tsim kho lub qhov cub ruaj khov, koj yuav tsum tau txhawb qhov sib nrug. Qhov no yog ua txhua plaub kab. Thaum nteg lub firebox, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los txhawb txhua kab. Cov hlau grating tuaj yeem ncav cuag qhov tuab ntawm li 3 hli.
- Ib lub qhov cub hlau yuav tsum muab ntsia rau saum lub qhov cub, pob zeb yuav muab tso rau ntawm nws.
- Lub qhov rooj firebox yuav tsum tau kho tib yam li lub lauj kaub tshauv. Tab sis muaj ib qho sib txawv - qhov loj ntawm lub qhov rooj no loj dua, yog li cov fasteners xav tau ntau dua thiab nruj. Rau lub hom phiaj no, peb los yog ntau tshaj xov hlau siv, twisted rau hauv ib.
Nco ntsoov xyuas nrog cov qauv cib. Yog tias txhua yam ua tiav ib txwm ua, koj tuaj yeem mus rau qhov chaw tsim khoom ntawm lub chimney.
Yuav ua li cas ua chimney
Ntawm no txhua yam yooj yim dua. Nws yuav tsum tau borne nyob rau hauv lub siab hais tias thaum expanding nyob rau hauv tus ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, condensate tseem nyob rau hauv cov kav hlau. Nws yog vim li no tias hlau tsis tuaj yeem siv tau; nws yog qhov zoo dua los ua lub cib chimney. Cov kab uas txuas lub chimney ncej thiab lub firebox hu ua lawg. Qhov loj me ntawm qhov kev txav no yog kwv yees li ¾ ntawm qhov dav ntawm lub cib. Nws tsis pom zoo kom nqaim ntu ntu ntawm qhov chimney.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, yog tias koj ua cov ncej los ntawm cov khoom siv. Tsim lub chimney los ntawm lub quarters thiab ib nrab yog nruj me ntsis txwv tsis pub. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas qhov siab hloov mus rau me me, cov pa taws yuav tsis tuaj yeem txias, nws yuav tawm mus rau sab nraud nrog qhov kub thiab txias. Hauv lwm lo lus, koj yuav cia li pov roj rau hauv cua. Tab sis yog tias koj ua lub chimney siab dhau lawm, cov taws yuav hlawv sai heev, vim hais tias cov cua ntsawj ntshab nce heev.
