Tam sim no, cov teeb meem ntawm chrome plating hauv tsev yog qhov mob hnyav heev. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog tus nqi siab tshaj rau cov kev pabcuam zoo li no los ntawm kev cob qhia tshwj xeeb. Chrome plating ntawm cov khoom thiab cov khoom ntawm cov txheej txheem tsis tsuas yog ua rau lawv zoo nkauj heev thiab zoo nkauj tsos, tab sis kuj txhim kho ntau yam kev qhia thiab kev ua haujlwm. Yog li, ib txheej ntawm chromium siv los ntawm ib txoj kev los yog lwm yam tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm hlau, uas txhais tau hais tias nws prolongs lub neej muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov khoom. Raws li metallurgists, chromium plating kuj nce kev sib txhuam hnav tsis kam, thiab tseem ua rau kom qaug zog ntawm cov qauv hlau.
khoom siv dav dav
Cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis yog qhov yooj yim heev, nws tuaj yeem tsim tau yooj yim hauv tsev. Chrome plating yog daim ntawv thov ntawm qhov chaw lossis txheej txheej ntawm cov khoom siv hlau lossis yas.
Koj tuaj yeem thov txheej txheej los ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev sib txawv:
- plating da dej;
- galvanic txhuam;
- nplaim tsuag;
- ionic-plasma technology.
Ob txoj hauv kev kawg yog lub zog siv zog heev thiab xav tau cov cuab yeej kim. Tsis haum rau kev ua cov khoom hauv tsev. Chrome plating tau siv cov nplaim txau yog qhov zoo dua. Tab sis qhov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws yog tau txais los ntawm kev kho ion-plasma hauv qhov ci ntsa iab ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev, vim qhov no cov atoms nkag mus tob rau hauv cov khoom, thiab cov txheej txheem muaj cov nplaum nplaum zoo heev.
Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm electroplating txhuam
Qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm qhov hu ua galvanic txhuam yog qhov tsis muaj kev txwv ntawm tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm lub workpiece. Qhov ua tau ntawm kev ua galvanic yog txwv los ntawm qhov ntev ntawm chav dej nws tus kheej. Chrome plating hauv tsev rau cov khoom loj thiab hnyav yog qhov nyuaj rau kev siv hauv kev xyaum: koj yuav xav tau lub tank loj, nqaj crane nqa cov khoom hnyav, ntim loj ntawm cov tshuaj, thiab lwm yam.
Thov cov txheej txheem zoo thiab sib npaug, kom lub ntsej muag zoo ib yam thiab ci, tsis yog txhua tus neeg tuaj yeem ua tau. Tsuas yog cov kws tshaj lij uas tau ua haujlwm ntev ntev thiab ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua tuaj yeem tiv nrog txoj haujlwm no. Qhov no yog qhov tsis zoo ntawm txoj kev no.
Rau chrome plating ntawm qhov chaw hauv tsev, qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws galvanic da dej yog feem ntau nruab.
Txoj cai thiab kev nyab xeeb rau kev ua haujlwm electroplating
Nws txwv tsis pub ua haujlwm hauv chav tsev uas tib neeg nyob. Qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tsim khoom yog lub chaw nres tsheb lossis lub tsev tso rau ntawm txoj kev.
Lub caij ntuj sov, thaum nws sov sab nraum zoov, koj tuaj yeem teeb tsa ib qho chaw me me electroplating sab nraum qab ntawm lub ru tsev veranda. Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm lub nroog nyob rau hauv high-sawv vaj tse rau chrome plating nyob rau hauv tsev, nws yog tso cai rau siv lub sam thiaj. Hauv qhov no, tus ncej, yog tias muaj, yuav tsum qhib dav, thiab lub qhov rooj thiab qhov rais rau chav tsev yuav tsum raug kaw.
Nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm hauv cov hnab looj tes roj hmab rau cov neeg siv hluav taws xob txhawm rau txhawm rau tiv thaiv hluav taws xob poob siab thiab zam qhov teeb meem ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg. Txhawm rau txo qhov teeb meem ntawm cov pa phem, yuav tsum hnav lub npog ntsej muag roj lossis lub tshuab ua pa. Cov looj tsom iav thiab cov phuam qhwv caj dab ua los ntawm cov ntaub npuag tuab yog siv los tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo.
Yuav tsum tau cov cuab yeej thiab khoom siv
Txhawm rau siv chrome plating hauv tsev, koj yuav tsum yuav lossis nrhiav cov khoom hauv qab no los sib sau ua ke:
- iav tank (hauv tsev, qhov kev hloov pauv zoo tshaj plaws yog peb litre tuaj yeem ua rau seaming);
- da dej ua los ntawm cov khoom tsis yog xim hlau (lub tais yas yog zoo haum rau lub hom phiaj no);
- cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev thermal;
- heater (feem ntau yog siv lub boiler kauj);
- anode (ib qho hlau lead nrog antimony nrog ib feem loj ntawm thawj 93% yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau kev tsim cov khoom no, cov khoom siv tsis tshua muaj,Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv tshuaj chromium plating nyob rau hauv tsev, technical qib txhuas feem ntau yog siv);
- lub cathode yog hom davhlau ya nyob twg uas kaw ntawm lub workpiece raug ua tiav);
- mercury lab tus ntsuas kub;
- rigging uas tso cai rau koj dai cov khoom hauv chav dej;
- bathtub hau (ntoo thiab plywood khoom yog zoo);
- AC-rau-DC converter nrog adjustable kuj; txhawm rau xyuas kom meej qhov ntws ntawm lub cev thiab cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg thoob plaws lub ntim ntawm lub hub, qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tam sim no lub zog yuav tsum yog 18 amperes.
Yog xav tau thiab nrog cov kev tsim nyog tsim nyog, koj tuaj yeem siv cov txheej txheem chromium plating hauv tsev. Lub tshuab muaj cov txheej txheem galvanic ntawm qhov kub thiab txias (nyob ntawm thaj tsam ntawm cov khoom, qhov ntim ntawm cov kua, thiab lwm yam) txhawm rau kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws thiab txheej txheej zoo.
Cov saum toj no yog daim duab qhia yooj yim. Cov lej ntawm nws txhais tau tias: 1 - iav thawv (lub thawv), 2 - anode (los yog anodes), 3 - chrome-plated ib feem (cathode), 4 - electrolyte tov.
Txhawm rau tswj qhov kub thiab txias, koj yuav xav tau lub thermocouple yooj yim thiab potentiometer. Cov cuab yeej zoo sib xws tuaj yeem pom tau yooj yim ntawm khw muag khoom.
Kuv puas yuav tsum tau ntxuav qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom?
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov txheej txheem yog nyob ntawm ntau yam. Tab sis qhov cuam tshuam loj tshaj plaws yog, ntawm chav kawm, qhov zoo thiab huv ntawm qhov chaw uas nws yuav siv tau.chrome txheej. Txhawm rau kom siv sijhawm ntev, nws raug nquahu kom ua txhua yam haujlwm ntawm kev npaj cov khoom thaum lub sijhawm npaj thiab cua sov ntawm electrolyte. Cov cua kub ntawm cov electrolyte mus rau qhov kub thiab txias yuav siv tsis ntau tshaj peb teev.
Yog li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem hais tias kev ntxuav cov khoom saum npoo yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis. Thiab yog tias koj tsis quav ntsej nws, ces qhov zoo ntawm cov chrome txheej yuav tsis zoo heev, thiab tsis ntev xws li txheej yuav pib o thiab tev tawm.
Yuav ua li cas ntxuav qhov chaw kom zoo
Txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj los ntxuav cov roj stains thiab av yog kom lawv tso rau hauv lub da dej ultrasonic. Qhov ntawd yog qhov lawv ua hauv ib puag ncig kev tsim khoom. Qhov no yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo heev. Tam sim no, koj tuaj yeem pheej yig yuav ib da dej me me. Tab sis cov nqi no yuav ua kom pom tseeb rau lawv tus kheej tsuas yog tias koj npaj yuav teeb tsa chrome plating hom tsis tu ncua thiab ntau zaus.
Feem ntau cov neeg ntxuav qhov chaw ntawm tes. Yog lawm, txoj kev no tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig, thiab kev tu kom zoo yog qee zaum tsis zoo, tab sis nws tseem yog ib qho kev xaiv zoo rau kev yuav ib qho ultrasonic tu da dej.
Nws ntseeg tias nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau chrome nto nrog me ntsis roughness. Qhov no ua kom zoo thiab txhim khu kev qha kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Yog li ntawd, nws raug pom zoo kom mus hla ib feem nrog cov ntawv xuab zeb zoo.
Kev ntxuav tes
Thaum ntxuav cov khoom, thawj kauj ruam yog yaug hauv dej (xws li dej ntws). Qhov no yuav tshem tawm coarse txawv teb chaws hais. Cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog degrease ib feem. Cawv thiab acetone tawm me ntsis streak thaum qhuav. Yog li, nws raug nquahu kom npaj cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb: ntxiv 150 grams ntawm caustic soda, 50 grams dej qab zib (calcined) thiab 5 grams ntawm silicate kua nplaum rau ib liter dej.
Cov tshuaj npaj tau muab tso rau qhov kub ntawm qhov tsawg kawg yog 90 degrees Celsius, thiab qhov chaw muab tso rau hauv nws li 20 feeb. Tom qab raug tshem tawm ntawm lub thawv tshuaj ntxuav, cov khoom raug tshem tawm thiab qhuav, tom qab ntawd ntxiv kev siv thev naus laus zis tuaj yeem ua tiav.
Electrolyte npaj
Koj tuaj yeem npaj cov tshuaj electrolyte hauv tsev tau yooj yim. Chromium plating siv qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ib qho kev daws ntawm sulfuric acid thiab chromic anhydrite hauv dej. Cov tshuaj no hu ua electrolyte. Qhov concentration ntawm sulfuric acid yog kwv yees li 3 grams ib liter dej, chromic anhydride yog hais txog 300 grams.
Cov kev cai tshwj xeeb kuj raug tswj xyuas kom huv ntawm cov dej. Cov kais dej zoo tib yam yog qhov tsis tsim nyog ntawm no: vim yog qhov siab ntawm impurities, cov txheej txheem yuav ua tsis tau zoo, thiab qhov tshwm sim yuav tsis zoo. Yog li, txhawm rau npaj cov tshuaj, koj yuav tsum yuav cov dej distilled kom txaus.
Ua ntej ntxiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, cov dej yuav tsum tau rhaub rau 60 degrees Celsius. Qhov no tau lees paub qhov ua tiav ntawm tag nrho cov khoom sib xyaw thiab tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo rau chrome plating hauv tsev. Electroplating yog ib ceg ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis uas yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib thiabqhov tseeb los ntawm tus neeg ua yeeb yam thiab tus thawj coj ua haujlwm. Chromic anhydride yog ib qho tshuaj lom thiab txaus ntshai heev. Yog li ntawd, nws tsuas yog siv tau nyob rau hauv qhov chaw zoo ventilated. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv cov tshuaj reagent txee nrog lub zog tso tawm hood. Yog tias koj ua qhov teeb meem tiag tiag, ces xws li lub txee tuaj yeem thiab yuav tsum tau ua nrog koj tus kheej tes. Chrome plating nyob rau hauv tsev yuav tsum tau ua raws li nruj raws li tag nrho cov kev cai thiab kev nyab xeeb kev cai.
Npaj cov electrolyte rau kev ua haujlwm
Ua ntej immersion nyob rau hauv lub electrolyte ntawm cov khoom, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los hla lub tam sim no los ntawm cov tshuaj "idle". Nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim hais tias tag nrho cov system tsis raug xam kom raug, thiab tam sim no raug xaiv mus rau qhov xav tau tus nqi, cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau ib tug tsaus xim av hue. Kev pom zoo dav dav yog raws li hauv qab no: txhawm rau xyuas kom meej qhov ntws ntawm cov txheej txheem thoob plaws tag nrho cov ntim ntawm cov electrolyte, yuav tsum muaj tam sim no ntawm rau thiab ib nrab amperes ib liter ntawm kua. Tam sim no dhau 4 teev.
Tom qab cov kua tau tsaus, nws yuav tsum tau kho. Yog li ntawd, tsawg kawg yog ib hnub, da dej yuav tsum tsis txhob kov.
Electrochrome plating
Nws yog thawj qhov yuav tsum tau tshaj tawm qhov ntsuas kub ntawm qhov nruab nrab ua haujlwm (electrolyte) 53 degrees Celsius. Qhov no yuav muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ntws ntawm txhua qhov txheej txheem.
Tom qab ntawd nws yuav tsum tau dai cov khoom ntawm kev txhawb nqa kom nws nkag mus rau hauv cov electrolyte kiag li. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau tos qee lub sijhawm (5-10 feeb) rau qhov kub ntawm cov electrolyte thiab cov khoom kom sib npaug.
Nws tsis pom zoo kom nqa tawm hom tam sim ntawm qhov tiag. Ua ntej koj yuav tsum sim cov thev naus laus zis ntawm qee hom qauv. Txawm yuav lwj los yeej tsis khuv xim.
Sai li cov qauv ntawm txheej txheej thiab nws qhov kev vam khom rau lub sijhawm siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv electrolyte, thiab lwm yam tau tshwm sim, nws muaj peev xwm pib ntau lawm ntawm cov khoom.
Txoj kev ua-nws-koj tus kheej yas chrome plating tom tsev
Nws tsis tuaj yeem siv lub da dej galvanic thaum txheej cov khoom yas vim qhov tseeb tias yas yog dielectric (tshwj tsis yog cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb tsim los rau cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb) thiab tsis ua tam sim no, uas txhais tau tias nws tsis tuaj yeem ua raws li cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb. cathode nyob rau hauv kab kos duab.
Yog li ntawd, cov khoom siv yas tau npog nrog cov txheej txheem zoo nkauj ntawm chromium siv cov cuab yeej sib txawv kiag li: thawj zaug, ob lossis peb txheej txheej txheej tiv thaiv yog siv rau cov khoom, thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd ib txheej ntawm chromium. Thiab txawm tias me me ntawm cov txheej zoo li no, nws ua haujlwm zoo thiab ua haujlwm zoo nrog cov haujlwm uas tau muab rau nws.
Kev npaj cov khoom yas rau chrome plating
Ntxiv rau cov khoom tsim los ntawm cov hlau thiab hlau alloys, cov khoom siv yas yuav tsum tau ntxuav kom zoo thiab degreased ua ntej chromium plating. Nws yuav tsis yog superfluous los kho txhua qhov chaw nrog nplua-grained sandpaper. Cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm zoo li no yuav ua kom ntseeg tau tias kev sib cuag ntawm cov yas thiab cov txheej txheem hlau tso.
Kev kho mob hauv sulfuric acid daws
Yam yuav tsum tau uaKev npaj rau metallization ntawm cov khoom yas yog kev ua haujlwm etching. Lub ntsiab ntawm txoj haujlwm no yog raws li hauv qab no. Kev npaj tshwj xeeb yog npaj (60 grams chromic anhydride, 150 grams phosphoric acid (xeb converter), 560 grams sulfuric acid ib liter ntawm distilled dej). Cov khoom yog immersed nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj rau ib lub sij hawm. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj hais raws nraim li nws yuav siv sij hawm ntev. Nws yog txiav txim empirically thiab nyob ntawm ntau yam. Yog li, chrome plating ntawm cov yas hauv tsev tsis txawv ntawm kev rov ua dua thiab nyob ib puag ncig, thiab txhua hom tshiab tuaj yeem tshwm sim nrog nws tus yam ntxwv. Ib qho tseem ceeb: ua ntej immersing cov khoom yas hauv da dej, qhov kub ntawm ib puag ncig yuav tsum ncav cuag yam tsawg 50 degrees Celsius.
Tsuas yog tom qab ua tiav tag nrho cov haujlwm saum toj no, koj tuaj yeem pib siv cov txheej hlau.
