Thaum cog cov nroj tsuag tsob ntoo hauv cheeb tsam, tsev me lossis vaj, tshwj xeeb yog them rau kev saib xyuas kom raug. Pruning shrubs feem ntau mus ntawm txoj kev, thiab nyob rau hauv vain. Tom qab loj hlob, bushes ua voluminous, lawv crowns poob lawv cov tsos zoo nkauj. Yog li ntawd, lawv pruning yog ib qho tseem ceeb agrotechnical ntsuas. Nws yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv kev ua raws li cov hnub kawg thiab coj mus rau hauv tus account tus yam ntxwv ntawm ntau hom kab lis kev cai. Nyeem txog nws hauv kab lus.
Yuav ua li cas cog qoob loo?
Muaj ob txoj hauv kev los ua cov txheej txheem:
Shortening ceg.
Ob txoj kev muaj tib lub hom phiaj - txhawm rau faib cov khoom noj rau txhua ceg. Qhov no stimulates cov nroj tsuag, tua pib loj hlob sai. Thaum lub sij hawm pruning, lub buds ua me me, ua rau ib tug shortened txoj kev los ntawm cov hauv paus hniav mus rau nplooj, thiab loj hlob nroj tsuag.
Txo cov ceg yog nqa tawm thaum nws tsim nyog tshem tawm ib feem ntawm qhov tua. Ua tsaug rau cov txheej txheem no, lub thickness ntawm cov ceg nce, cov tub ntxhais hluas tua loj hlob sai, thiab buds loj hlob intensively. Thinning yog nqa tawm thaum txhua ceg yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm. Xws li pruning ntawm cov nroj tsuag tsis tso cai rau lawv kom tuab, tiv thaiv cov tsos ntawm cov kab tsuag hauv lawv thiab kev loj hlob ntawm ntau yam kab mob.
hom pruning muaj dab tsi?
Nws nyob ntawm seb qhov tshwm sim xav tau los ntawm cov txheej txheem no. Feem ntau, muaj ntau hom pruning shrubs:
- Sanitary.
- Kev ua.
- Rejuvenating.
Yuav kom cov ntoo kom txaus siab rau lush flowering, lush greenery, thiab ib tug zoo nkauj crown rau lub sij hawm ntev, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau ua txhua yam ntawm pruning, alternating lawv nyob ntawm lub sij hawm.
Pruning huv si
Txhua cov nroj tsuag tsob ntoo raug cuam tshuam rau txoj haujlwm no. Nws yog nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg. Nws lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog los tiv thaiv cov txheej txheem sib kis uas cov nroj tsuag raug rau thiab tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm rotting. Cov txheej txheem rau pruning shrubs yog yooj yim. Nws yog tsim nyog los tshem tawm tag nrho cov puas thiab tawg ceg, thiab nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav kom lub crown kom zoo ventilated, nws yuav tsum tau thinned tawm. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, ib feem ntawm cov ceg ntoo uas tsis tuaj yeem loj hlob hauv hav txwv yeem yuav tsum tau txiav ntawm theem ntawm ob mus rau peb centimeters saum lub raum.
Nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg, cov txheej txheem no tsuas yog ua rau cov nroj tsuag tawg thaum lub caij ntuj sov. Yog hais tias koj prune lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav-blooming nroj tsuag, lawv yuav deteriorate heev.hniav zoo nkauj, raws li paj yog tsim nyob rau hauv tua ntawm xyoo tas los. Nrog kev pab los ntawm molding pruning ntawm shrubs, cov nroj tsuag zoo tib yam yog hloov mus rau hauv ornamental sawv daws yuav, uas ob peb tua nrog loj hlob quab yuam ntxiv rau cov ceg tseem ceeb txhua xyoo.
Nyob hauv qee cov nroj tsuag, cov hauv paus hniav loj hlob sai, uas ua rau lawv dav dhau, yog li tua nyob ib puag ncig yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm thaum tsim. Tab sis koj yuav tsum tsis txhob mob siab rau, vim qhov no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov ntom ntawm lub crown ntawm cov nroj tsuag, nws yuav ua xoob thiab unsightly. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, cov ceg tsis muaj zog los ntawm cov hauv paus hniav raug tshem tawm. Nws kuj tseem tso cai rau txiav tawm muaj zog tua qhia hauv lub hav txwv yeem, cuam tshuam nrog cov ceg ntoo loj hlob nyob ze. Qhov tseeb tshaj yog tso cov tua uas yuav hloov cov neeg mob lossis cov laus yav tom ntej.
Nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag uas muaj lub caij ntuj no hardiness, tsim ntawm cov ceg qhuav yog ib txwm tshwm sim. Lawv yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm thaum pruning. Kev txiav yuav tsum tau ua kom siab tshaj qib ntawm qhov thib ob los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub raum. Yog hais tias ib tug neeg cov ceg tau tuag thiab lwj cov hniav zoo nkauj ntawm Bush, lawv yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg. Thaum lub caij ntuj no, cov tua sab saud tuaj yeem khov me ntsis, txawm hais tias Frost tsis cuam tshuam rau cov ceg ntoo. Hauv qhov no, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum khi lawv thiab tawm mus.
Rejuvenating pruning
Nws yog nqa tawm ntawm cov neeg laus shrubs thiaj li ua kom lawv flowering ntau lush. Kev tiv thaiv kev laus kuj tseem ua rau cov nroj tsuag nrog kev loj hlob txhua xyoo tsawg dua xya centimeters. Cov txheej txheem no muaj nyob rau hauv shortening qub ceg. Tom qab nws, dormant thiab adnexal ob lub raum qhib lawvkev loj hlob. Lub sijhawm ntawm pruning shrubs ncav cuag lub sijhawm. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tau los ntawm lub hli dhau los ntawm lub caij ntuj no mus rau lub Plaub Hlis, nrog rau lub Yim Hli thiab Lub Cuaj Hli.
Rejuvenating txheej txheem muaj nyob rau hauv kev txiav cov ceg los ntawm 30% los ntawm sab saum toj heev tom qab kawg ntawm lub sij hawm flowering. Txhawm rau ua kom nws ntau dua, tshem tawm ib qho, ceg qub tshaj plaws hauv hav txwv yeem. Shrubs yuav tsum tau rejuvenated ib zaug txhua ob xyoos.
Qhia rau radical rejuvenation
Cov txheej txheem no yog qhov tsim nyog yog tias tsob ntoo tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov tua muaj zog thiab tsis muaj zog. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tag nrho cov ceg yog txiav nyob rau tib theem nrog rau hauv av. Tab sis yog hais tias tus tsim ntawm cov nroj tsuag coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub rootstock, ces txiav yog ua 10-15 cm saum toj no graft. Qhov no yog tib txoj hauv kev ua kom lub raum ua haujlwm ntau dua thiab muab kev loj hlob tshiab ntawm kev tua. Tom qab ib los yog ob lub caij, pruning ntawm qaug zog, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv unsuccessfully ceg ceg yog nqa tawm.
Lawv tau cog rau siv hauv kev tsim toj roob hauv pes. Pruning ornamental shrubs yog nqa tawm los muab lawv ib tug txaus nyiam tsos. Thawj txheej txheem yog nqa tawm thaum lub sij hawm cog, nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Cov tua ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas seedlings yog luv los ntawm 10-15 cm, peb mus rau tsib buds yog tshuav rau txhua. Ntawm cov no, cov tua tshiab yuav loj hlob thaum thawj xyoo. Thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg pruning ntawm shrubs, lawv tau tshem ntawm tawg, kab mob, qhuav thiab dag tua nyob rau hauv av. Yog tias thawj xyoo kev loj hlob ntawm tsob ntoo tsis muaj zog, tag nrho cov tua raug txiav tawm ntawm theem ntawm peb mus rau tsib centimeters saum toj no hauv av.
Ntawm qhov thib obxyoo ntawm lub neej, shrubs tsim muaj zog ceg nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm ob peb daim. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los nqa tawm huv pruning. Kev txiav yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus heev. Yog tias tsim nyog, xws li pruning yog rov ua dua nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav. Tab sis nws yuav tsum tau nqa mus txog thaum lub raum o thiab cov kua txiv pib txav mus.
Yav tom ntej, thaum pruning, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias tsuas yog thaum thawj xyoo ntawm lub neej cov ceg loj hlob sai, ces lawv txoj kev loj hlob yuav txo qis, thiab thaum muaj hnub nyoog tsib los yog rau xyoo nws nres tag nrho. Kev tsim ntawm lub crown ntawm shrubs xaus nyob rau hauv plaub los yog tsib xyoo tom qab cog.
Sib piv ntawm kev tua ntawm ib tsob ntoo artisanal
Saib tsob ntoo, nws nyuaj heev rau "los ntawm qhov muag" txiav txim siab seb nws muaj pes tsawg thiab hom tua twg. Tab sis kom paub lawv qhov piv ntawm lub hnub nyoog, tej zaum, tsis mob. Txhua lub hav txwv yeem muaj cov ceg ntoo txhua xyoo hauv cov nyiaj ntawm plaub lossis tsib daim, ob xyoos - peb-plaub, peb-plaub-tsib lub caij ntuj sov - ob lossis peb. Cov ceg qub uas muaj hnub nyoog tshaj tsib lossis rau xyoo raug tshem tawm tag.
Thaum tsim ib tsob ntoo ornamental, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias thaum tshem tawm cov tua, lawv lub cev lub cev, lub zog thiab kev loj hlob yog coj los rau hauv tus account. Yog li ntawd, qhov piv txwv saum toj no tuaj yeem hloov pauv txhua lub sijhawm, tab sis qhov no tsis txhais tau tias lub hav txwv yeem raug tsim tsis raug.
Cov tsos ntawm cov qauv zoo li no los ntawm cov nroj tsuag loj hlob nyob ntawm seb nws yuav tsim li cas thaum thawj xyoo tom qab cog. Gardeners feem ntau tsis txuas qhov tseem ceeb rau qhov no thiab tsis txhob txiav cov nroj tsuag rau ntau xyoo, tawm hauv cov txheej txheem norau yav tom ntej.
Yog tsis muaj pruning thaum pib ntawm kev loj hlob, cov ceg ntawm tsob ntoo yuav ncab upwards, thiab hedge nyob rau hauv nws sab qis yuav liab qab. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov no los ntawm qhov tshwm sim, thaum thawj xyoo ntawm kev cog qoob loo, tag nrho cov tua yuav tsum tau txiav ntawm theem ntawm 15 cm saum toj no hauv av. Hwj chim basal txheej yuav pib loj tuaj.
Ib xyoos tom qab, koj yuav tsum ua tib yam pruning dua, uas yuav pab tsim cov yas kom raug. Yog tias nws qhov ntom ntom tsis txaus, muaj zog pruning yuav tsum tau muaj rau xyoo tom ntej. Nyob rau hauv peb lub xyoos ntawm tsob ntoo lub neej thiab nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov tom ntej no xyoo, tsuas yog yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo nkauj pruning, txij li thaum ib tug muaj zog basal loj hlob yuav thaum kawg tsim.
Curly cut
Alpine slides thiab manicured lawns yog ib zaug fashionable tshaj plaws hauv toj roob hauv pes tsim. Tab sis raws li lub sij hawm mus, zam rau kev npaj ntawm thaj chaw yog hloov. Tam sim no, ib qho kev hloov tshiab hauv qhov kev taw qhia no tau txais qhov chaw zoo - xam pom pruning ntawm cov nroj tsuag, uas yog ib qho ntawm cov tswv yim vaj thiab hu ua topiary. Kev txawj ntse txhais tes ntawm craftsmen tig shrubs rau hauv masterpieces uas adorn tsis tau tsuas yog lub vaj thiab chaw ua si, tab sis kuj palaces. Cov duab txawv txawv yog tsim, raws li txoj cai, los ntawm cov ntoo ntsuab lossis cov nroj tsuag me me. Cov ntoo ntawm cov ntoo thiab cov ntoo yog pruned siv cov duab geometric.
Coob
Cov duab no yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws los txiav. Nws yuav yooj yim dua rau muab rau cov nroj tsuag yog tias nws yog ib txwm cone-puab. Kev txiav plaub hau yuav tsum pib ntawm lub crown, los ntawm nws sab saum toj, maj mam mus. Rau lub khob kom uaproportional, siv ncej. Lawv muab tso rau ntawm ib sab ntawm lub cev ntawm plaub sab, thiab cov saum yog sau me ntsis saum lub crown. Nws hloov tawm ib tug pyramid. Cov ceg uas tau dhau mus dhau ntawm nws qhov contour raug txiav tawm. Cov duab geometric no haum rau barberry, juniper.
pob
Daim duab geometric no tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm kev txiav cov ntoo xws li laurel, gooseberries. Cov txheej txheem yog laborious, tab sis nws yuav yooj yim yog hais tias ib tug hlau template yog ua ua ntej, uas yog ib lub nplhaib nrog ib tug kov. Lub ntsiab mob yog hais tias lub cuab yeej nyob rau hauv dav yuav tsum tsawg tshaj li lub crown. Lub nplhaib txuas nrog lub hav txwv yeem, thiab cov ceg ntxiv raug txiav tawm. Yog hais tias cov nroj tsuag yog ib txwm kheej kheej, nws tsuas yog yuav tsum tau khaws cia.
kab laug
Cov khoom no siv tau zoo heev, tab sis kuj nyuaj heev. Nws tuaj yeem siv rau cov nroj tsuag uas muaj lub khob hliav qab. Muaj ob txoj hauv kev los txiav cov nroj tsuag kom tau ib lub kauv:
- Siv ib txwm ribbon los qhwv ib ncig ntawm lub kaus mom. Cov seem ntawm cov nroj tsuag nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov lem raug txiav tawm. Xav tau kev saib xyuas zoo ntawm no.
- Lwm txoj kev yog siv tus pas uas muab tso rau hauv av ntawm qhov deb ntawm tsob ntoo thiab khi rau nws. Koj yuav tsum nqa txoj hlua, kho nws nyob rau saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm tus pas thiab txo qis rau hauv ib qho kauv. Cov tua yuav tsum raug txiav mus rau lub cev, uas yog suav tias yog lub ntsiab, saib cov duab qhia los ntawm txoj hlua.
Garden Tools
Lawv xav tau"haircuts" ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas nws cov ceg muaj nyias thicknesses. Yog li ntawd, cov cuab yeej rau pruning shrubs yog rau ntau lub hom phiaj.
Secateurs yog cov khoom siv uas cov ceg ntoo uas muaj txoj kab uas hla mus txog ob thiab ib nrab centimeters raug txiav. Lawv yog ob hom: nrog nkhaus thiab ncaj hniav. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm thawj hom yog zoo li cov txiab. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb hauv kev ua hauj lwm nrog nws yog txiav ib tug tuab tua nrog high quality, tsis muaj qhov khoob. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, lub cuab yeej yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo zoo thiab muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hniav. Nyob rau hauv ob hom secateurs, cov hniav yog ncaj; thaum lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm, nws rests tawm tsam lub phaj, ntau precisely, tawm tsam nws kawg. Qhov zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem no yog tias tsis tas yuav kuaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hniav, thiab qhov tsis zoo yog qhov tsis muaj peev xwm mus txog qhov chaw nyuaj
- Lopper. Cov cuab yeej no yooj yim copes nrog tuab tua nrog ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm tsib centimeters. Nrog nws, koj tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov ceg hauv qhov tob ntawm lush crown, qhov twg lwm yam cuab yeej tsis tuaj yeem ncav cuag. Nws ntau yam yog txoj hlua lopper, uas yog siv los txiav cov ceg loj hlob ntawm qhov siab txaus.
- Saw. Nws yog siv los tshem tawm cov ceg tuab heev. Cov hniav ntawm cov saw ncav ib qhov siab ntawm tsib mus rau xya millimeters thiab tau teem dav txaus, yog li ntawd lawv tsis clog nrog ntoo thaum lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm.
- Riam yog cov cuab yeej cuab tam zoo tshaj plaws hauv vaj, nws yog siv los txiav thiab txiav cov ceg nyias, txiav cov tawv ntoo, thiab kho cov kab txiav.
- txiab rau pruning shrubs. Lawv sivgardeners rau tsim ib tug figured crown, zoo nkauj hedge. Nrog lawv cov kev pab, cov nroj tsuag tau muab cov duab nthuav.
- Step-ladder yog lub cuab yeej ua vaj, tsis muaj qhov nyuaj rau kev saib xyuas tsob ntoo. Tus ntaiv yuav tsum ruaj khov thiab nws ob txhais ceg yuav tsum dav sib nrug. Qhov no yuav ua rau nws ruaj khov.
Yuav noj dab tsi tom qab pruning?
Txawm hais tias lub caij nyoog ntawm cov txheej txheem, cov nroj tsuag xav tau kev noj zaub mov zoo, vim nws yog lub sijhawm no uas cov qoob loo nce ntxiv. Ib qho kev qhia rau av fertilization yog qhov txo qis hauv cov concentration ntawm cov as-ham hauv nws. Nroj tsuag nyob rau lub sijhawm no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog xav tau nitrogen thiab potassium. Koj tuaj yeem siv cov tshuaj npaj los ntawm koj tus kheej. Potassium nitrate (peb diav) thiab dej (10 liv) tau noj. Txhua yam yog sib tov, tom qab uas qhov no muaj pes tsawg leeg yog siv los water shrub mus rau hauv paus heev. Koj tuaj yeem siv nitrophoska los yog sib tov ntawm urea thiab tshauv nyob rau hauv kev faib ua feem ntawm 30 thiab 100 g, ntsig txog, ib thoob dej.
Yog hais tias pruning yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj los yog lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj, cov nroj tsuag xav tau phosphorus heev, txij li thaum lub active tsim ntawm lub hauv paus system tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm no. Fertilizer yog tawg nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cov av nyob rau hauv ze-stem voj voog ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Nws daim ntawv thov yog ua ke nrog watering.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws hnav khaub ncaws sab saum toj rau ob qho tib si ornamental thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo shrubs yog compost infusion. Ua li no, ib nrab ib kilogram ntawm cov organic teeb meem yog diluted nyob rau hauv 10 liv dej, insisted rau ob los yog peb hnub thiab watered cov nroj tsuag thaum yav tsaus ntuj thaum lub hnub teem. Yog hais tias lub caij ntuj sov kub thiab drought txuas ntxiv mus ntev, ua ntejCov voj voog ze ntawm qia yog watered nrog dej zoo tib yam, thiab tom qab ntawd nrog kev daws.
