Ib qho ntawm ntau hom kev khi rau kev sib xyaw ua ke yog Portland cement. Nws yog dab tsi, nws siv li cas, nws muaj dab tsi, peb yuav xav txog cov lus nug no thiab lwm yam ntxiv.
Composition
Raws li cov khoom siv hauv tsev, kev xav tau siab tau muab tso rau ntawm cov khoom uas Portland cement tau tsim. GOST 10178-85 "Portland xis mas thiab slag Portland cement" tswj cov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab zoo ntawm cov khoom xyaw rau hom binder:
- Cement clinker nrog ib feem ntawm silicon oxide tsis ntau tshaj 5%.
- Gypsum, sib haum rau GOST 4013-82. Lub xub ntiag ntawm phosphorus, boron thiab fluorine tebchaw raug tso cai nyob rau hauv ib qho nyiaj uas tsis cuam tshuam nrog cov ntaub ntawv tswj hwm.
- Mineral additives ntawm ib yam khoom, tsim nyog los tsim cov mixs ntawm yam xav tau.
Tag nrho cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke kom zoo.
Rau ntau hom Portland cement, ntau yam khoom siv tuaj yeem siv tau, uas kuj muaj qee yam kev cai lij choj raws li GOST.
Nyob ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom uas tsim tawm, tag nrho cov khoom raug kuaj xyuas qhov tsim nyog rau kev ua raws, qhov feem ntawm kev tsim tau pom meej meejqhuav thiab ua hauj lwm sib tov.
Tshuaj GOST Portland cement thiab nws lub npe yog nyob rau hauv ntim thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv nrog. Yog tias tsis muaj, ces cov khoom yog tsim raws li specifications, nws cov khoom yuav txawv ntawm cov feem ntau txais.
Production
Kom nkag siab Portland cement - nws yog dab tsi, nws tsim nyog xav txog cov txheej txheem ntawm nws cov khoom tsim, uas muaj ntau theem:
- Kev rho tawm ntawm ntsuab lossis daj limestone. Nws nyob ntawm qhov tob txog li 10 meters hauv cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg, yog li nws raug tshem tawm los ntawm txoj kev qhib rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm kev txhim kho geological.
- Kev Npaj. Ua ntej, cov khoom siv raw yog raug ziab thiab kev sib tsoo thawj zaug nrog kev siv qee cov khoom ntxiv kom tau txais kev sib xyaw ua haujlwm. Txhawm rau kom paub seb qhov loj npaum li cas ntawm cov impurities hauv lub binder muaj, tsuas yog saib cov cim: PC400 D20 muaj 20% kev txhim kho hauv nws qhov ntim, thiab PC500 D0 tsis muaj lawv txhua. Tom qab kev sib tsoo thawj zaug, qhov sib tov raug rho tawm haujlwm hauv qhov cub tshwj xeeb muaj zog. Qhov no yog li cas cement clinker tau txais - cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm Portland cement.
- Tiav. Nyob rau theem no, cov clinker qhuav thiab hauv av rau hauv ib feem ua haujlwm nrog limestone thiab tshwj xeeb additives rau txhua hom Portland cement. Ntxiv mus, cov khoom sib tov tau ntim rau hauv hnab ntawm 30, 40, 50 kg thiab xa mus rau warehouses ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho, khw.
Production Features
Txhua hom Portland cement (PC) yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom sib txawv, cov khoom siv rau txhua tus tsuas yog cov cement clinker xwb. Lwm cov khoom yuav muajntau yam khoom: noo noo, lub zog, ntxhia muaj pes tsawg leeg. Muab cov xwm txheej no, nws tsis tuaj yeem ua txhua yam ntawm cov khoom siv raw hauv ib txoj kev, yog li muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los siv theem ob ntawm kev tsim khoom:
- Txoj kev ntub dej yog sib tsoo cov khoom hauv dej. Qhov no yog ua tiav nrog chalk thiab av nplaum hlau additives. Rau lawv, muaj cov qauv av noo: av nplaum - 20%, chalk - 29%. Cov emulsion tau txais tom qab ua tiav muaj cov dej noo ntawm 50% thiab hauv daim ntawv no raug xa mus rau qhov cub rau tua. Thaum lub sij hawm kho cua sov, cov pob clinker yog tsim, uas tom qab ntawd hauv av rau hauv cov ntawv tiav.
- Txoj kev qhuav tsis txhais hais tias moistening ntawm cov khoom siv raw: nws nkag mus rau hauv qhov cub hauv daim ntawv qhuav. Tus nqi ntawm cov cement uas tsim los ntawm txoj kev no yog qis dua vim tias tsis muaj lub zog ziab kom qhuav.
- Txoj kev sib xyaw ua ke ua ke ntub thiab qhuav. Cov sludge (raws li sib tov) yog crushed nyob rau hauv dej. Tsis tas li ntawd, nrog kev siv lub lim dej, cov dej noo ntau dua raug tshem tawm, qhov sib tov nkag mus rau hauv qhov cub nrog cov dej noo txog li 18%.
Properties
Raws li twb tau hais lawm, pob zeb tau txais qee yam zoo thaum ib lossis lwm Portland cement ntxiv rau nws. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv yog qhov tshwj xeeb hauv lawv tus kheej txoj kev, tab sis muaj qhov tsis sib xws rau txhua tus:
- Txoj kev ntom ntom li ntawm 3050-3150 kg / m3, ntau rau ntau hom PC yuav txawv.
- Qhov zoo ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm Portland cement yuav tsum txiav txim siab los ntawm sieve No. 008 nrog cov hmoov permeability tsawg kawg yog 85%.
- SpecificQhov loj me tom qab kuaj 2500-3000 cm2/g.
- Setting sijhawm: pib - 45 feeb, kawg - 12 teev. Txiav txim siab ntawm Vita nplai.
Lub zog yog ntsuas los ntawm cov qauv ntsuas nrog qhov ntev ntawm 4x4x16 cm, ua los ntawm cov cement-xuab zeb hauv qhov sib piv ntawm 1: 3 nrog rau qhov sib piv ntawm dej rau cement ntawm 0.4, tom qab 28 hnub ntawm hardening. Tiav lawm prisms raug khoov thiab compression, txiav txim siab lawv tus nqi thiab ua raws li cov cim qhia.
Views
Nyob ntawm hom kev siv ntxiv, Portland cement tuaj yeem muaj ntau yam:
- ceev ceev;
- sulfate resistant;
- hydrophobic;
- plasticized;
- nrog nruab nrab exotherm;
- slag Portland cement;
- acid-resistant;
- aluminous;
- dawb thiab xim;
- pozzolanic.
Txhua yam ntawm cov pob zeb ua vaj tse nrog qee yam khoom tsim nyog siv rau hauv ib qho chaw lossis thaj chaw.
Quick hardening PC muaj cov calcium ntau ntau thiab muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj zog ntxiv thaum lub sijhawm tawv.
Sulfate-resistant Portland cement muaj cov khoom ntxiv uas ua rau kom cov pob zeb ua haujlwm rau cov tshuaj lom neeg.
hom hydrophobic ntawm binder muaj cov khoom ntxiv uas ua rau cov dej ntws qeeb qeeb, uas ua rau nws siv tau zoo nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam arid uas maj mam hardening ntawm lub pob zeb yog qhov tsim nyog yam tsis muaj kev poob.zog.
Cov khoom yas ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nkag mus rau hauv cov pob zeb sib xyaw ua kom nws cov yas thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo.
Moderately exothermic Portland cement tso tawm cov cua sov me ntsis thaum hydrated.
Slag portland xis mas suav nrog blast-kuav slag, uas txo nws cov nqi.
Acid-resistant PC yog tsim los ntawm ntshiab quartz xuab zeb thiab sodium silicofluoride, tiv taus cov tshuaj lom neeg ua phem;
Portland alumina cement muaj cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm alumina, uas pab teeb tsa sai.
Pozzolanic PC yog enriched nrog ntxhia additives ntawm volcanic thiab sedimentary keeb kwm (txog 40% ntawm tag nrho cov loj). Lawv ua kom dej tsis kam thiab tsis tsim efflorescence ntawm qhov chaw ua tiav.
Dawb thiab xim hom binder muaj ntau yam hlau sib txuas uas tuaj yeem xim pob zeb hauv qee cov xim.
Kev faib tawm lub zog
Portland cement tau muab faib ua qib raws li nws cov haujlwm qhia - axial compressive zog ntawm ib nrab ntawm cov qauv hnub nyoog 28 hnub. Raws li, muaj hom 400, 500, 550, 600.
Txhua yam ntawm Portland cement qib 400 yog siv los tsim cov qauv thiab cov qauv uas tsis raug rau cov khoom hnyav ntxiv.
Cov khoom lag luam siab dua yog kim dua, lawv siv rau cov qauv tseem ceeb thiab lawv cov ntsiab lus.
Daim ntawv thov
Portland cement - yog dab tsi? Qhov no yog ib qho kev txhim kho hom binder raupob zeb. Raws li, nyob ntawm seb hom muab tub lim, pob zeb muaj qee yam kev txhim kho. Piv txwv li, fast-hardening Portland cement 500 thiab 600 muaj ib tug siab hardening tus nqi, vim hais tias nws yog ntxiv rau pob zeb rau zus tau tej cov tseem ceeb thiab loj lug, ob qho tib si underground thiab saum toj no av. Nws kuj yog feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav tsum tau rau ib tug ceev txheej ntawm lub zog, piv txwv li, rau pouring foundation formwork.
Qhov ntau tshaj plaws yog Portland cement 400. Nws yog universal hauv daim ntawv thov: rau kev tsim cov monolithic thiab precast pob zeb cov ntsiab lus nrog cov kev xav tau muaj zog ntxiv, thaum muaj qhov qis dua rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm PC500, tab sis muaj tus nqi qis dua.
Sulfate-resistant hom binder yog siv los npaj cov khoom sib xyaw uas koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov qauv hauv qab dej. Cov no muaj feem cuam tshuam rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov dej sulfate aggressive.
Plastified Portland cement qib 300-600 txhim kho cov khoom yas ntawm cov mortar, nws cov yam ntxwv muaj zog, txuag 5-8% ntawm cov ntawv khi, piv nrog cov pa cement.
Tshwj xeeb ntawm PC tsis tshua muaj siv hauv kev tsim kho me me, vim tias cov khoom siv raw yog tus nqi siab, thiab tsis yog txhua tus neeg ua haujlwm paub txog hom tshuaj nquag no. Ntau zaus, Portland cements yog siv rau cov pob zeb sib tov siv tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov chaw loj thiab tseem ceeb.
Thaum tsis siv
Portland cement yog cov khoom xyaw uas ua rau pob zebcov khoom tshwj xeeb. Tab sis tsis muaj ib qho ntawm nws hom yuav tsum tau siv nyob rau hauv cov dej ntws ntws, hauv cov dej qab ntsev, hauv dej nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov zaub mov. Cov hom sulfate-resistant tsis tiv nrog nws cov dej num raws li cov xwm txheej no; nws yog tsim los ua haujlwm hauv cov dej kub zoo li qub. Rau kev tsim cov kwj dej, dams, cov qauv hydraulic uas ua haujlwm hauv ib puag ncig ntawm cov dej siab, tshwj xeeb cov cements yog siv.
Yuav xaiv thiab yuav
Thaum yuav, koj yuav tsum nkag siab Portland cement - nws yog dab tsi? Feem ntau yog ib tug binder los tsim ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke. Zoo li cov cement zoo tib yam, nws raug muag hauv cov hnab ntim khoom, hnab ntawv ntawm 50 kg, qee zaum 30, 40.
Thaum xaiv, ua tib zoo mloog cov npe ntawm lub pob. Hom (Portland cement, Portland slag cement, thiab lwm yam), ua raws li GOST los yog TU, tus nqi ntawm cov ntxhia ntxiv yuav tsum tau qhia. Koj kuj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau hnub tsim khoom: cov khoom siv tshiab tshiab, nws qhov zoo dua.
Tus nqi ntawm cov cement tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm ob qho tib si cov chaw tsim khoom thiab cov muag khoom. Tib lub tshuab tsim khoom tsis cuam tshuam qhov sib txawv loj ntawm tus nqi. Yog li ntawd, xaiv cov khoom ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas koj ntseeg siab, uas muaj lub koob npe zoo tshaj plaws.
Portland cement nqi pes tsawg? Tus nqi rau cov neeg nyiam tshaj plaws P 400 rau ib lub hnab ntawm 50 kg pib los ntawm 200 rubles, PC500 (50 kg) - los ntawm 230 rubles. Nws yuav zoo li tias qhov sib txawv me me, tab sis los tsim cov qauv, yuav tsum muaj ntau qhov sib tov, lub hauv paus ntawm uas yog ib qho binder. Vim li ntawd, kev xaiv yuam kev tuaj yeem raug nqi ntau heev.
