Pom meej, nws yog nyob rau hauv tib neeg qhov xwm txheej tsis yog "tos kev nyiam los ntawm xwm", tab sis tsim kom muaj ntau yam thiab hom nroj tsuag nrog cov khoom zoo nkauj, ntawm nws tus kheej, tsim tawm. Cov tsos ntawm hybrids yog pov thawj ntawm qhov no.
Dab tsi yog hybrid
Lo lus "hybrid" hauv botany yog hais txog cov kab mob uas tau txais los ntawm kev hla ntau hom. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov khoom siv caj ces ntawm cov hlwb sib txawv tau muab tso ua ke rau hauv ib lub cell.
Tau kawg, cov xwm txheej ntawm ntuj hybridization paub: piv txwv li, txiv kab ntxwv yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev hla ntuj pomelo thiab txiv kab ntxwv, tab sis feem ntau ntawm cov xwm txheej no yog kev tswj xyuas kom zoo. Ib tug hybrid ntawm cherry thiab noog cherry, tangerine thiab txiv kab ntxwv, txiv duaj thiab nectarine, plum thiab apricot - tag nrho cov no yog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm ntau xyoo ntawm kev mob siab rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm biologists.
Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tau txais hybrids hauv botany
Lub siab xav ntawm cov neeg yug tsiaj los sim rau kev yug me nyuam hybrids ntawm ntau yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo nroj tsuag yog piav qhia los ntawm lub siab xav txhim kho lawv cov yam ntxwv thawj zaug: tawm los, tiv thaiv kab tsuag thiabtsis kam mus rau cov kab mob, Frost tsis kam, nrog rau kom tau txais cov saj tshiab, txhim kho tsos lossis txhim kho kev thauj mus los.
Cherry yog tsob ntoo nrov, yog li cov neeg yug tsiaj tsis tuaj yeem hla nws. Ntau qhov kev vam meej cherry hybrids paub. Ua ntej, cherries tuaj yeem raug hla-bred nrog qab zib cherries. Lub hybrid yog hu ua Duke thiab tau nce lub caij ntuj no hardiness thiab tiv taus qee yam kab mob, nrog rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qab zib dua li cov txiv ntoo. Cherry-plum hybrid yog zoo nkauj heev thaum lub sij hawm flowering, tolerates Frost zoo thiab tsis xav tau kev saib xyuas. Tseem muaj ib tug hybrid ntawm cherries thiab plums, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb ob saj. Thaum kawg, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg yug tsiaj ntawm hla cherries nrog Japanese noog cherry Maaka tuaj yeem hu ua kev vam meej. Peb yuav nyob ntawm no hybrid kom ntxaws.
Padocerus lossis cerapadus?
Txiv kab ntxwv ntawm cherry thiab noog cherry tsis yog dav paub. Raws li txoj cai, novice gardeners tsis tau hnov dab tsi txog nws txhua. Txawm li cas los xij, los ntawm kev hla cov nroj tsuag no, koj tuaj yeem tau txais ntau npaum li ob qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hybrids: padocerus thiab cerapadus. Cov npe no yuav zoo li tsis yooj yim thiab tsim nyog ntawm dinosaurs ntau dua li cov ntoo txiv ntoo, tab sis qhov tseeb txhua yam yog qhov yooj yim thiab muaj txiaj ntsig: lawv tau tsim los ntawm Latin cov npe ntawm cherry (Cerasus) thiab noog cherry (Padus). Figuratively hais lus, cerapadus yog ib tug hybrid ntawm cherry thiab noog cherry, nws niam yog cherry, thiab nws txiv yog noog cherry. Qhov kev xaiv no tau dhau los ua kom muaj kev vam meej thiab tau dhau los ua ntau dua hauv horticulture. Yog pajnoog cherry yog pollinated los ntawm cherry paj ntoos, ces koj tau padocerus.
Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias tsuas yog Japanese noog cherry Maaka yog tsim rau kev hla nrog cherries, sib txuas cov yam ntxwv ntawm ob qho tib si noog cherry thiab cherry, tab sis muaj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo iab. Hauv qee qhov chaw, tam sim no nws yog hu ua cherry, txawm hais tias nws yuav zoo dua los hais tias nws nyob qee qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm cov hom no.
Hybrid nta: tsos thiab khoom
Txiv kab ntxwv ntawm cherry thiab noog cherry, daim duab uas tau nthuav tawm hauv tsab xov xwm, zoo li noog cherry, thiab nws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tau teem rau ntawm tsob ntoo nrog tassels: ob peb daim ntawm ib qia, thiab tsis hu nkauj lossis nyob rau hauv khub, zoo li cov ntaub ntawv nrog cherries. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog tsaus, yuav luag dub, muaj kua, saj los ntawm qaub-iab mus rau qaub-qab zib. Outwardly, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cerepadus zoo li cherries.
Thaum pib, raws li kev yug me nyuam hauv 20s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, Michurin tau txais 3 hom cerapadus: No. 1 (los ntawm steppe cherries thiab noog cherry Maaka), loj cerapadus (Zoo ntau yam cherries tau siv) thiab qab zib cerapadus. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cerapadus 1 tsis yog iab xwb, tab sis kuj lom, vim lawv muaj hydrocyanic acid.
Ib tug hybrid ntawm cherry thiab noog cherry txawm tam sim no, tom qab ntau xyoo ntawm kev ua hauj lwm los ntawm breeders, muaj txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas tsis tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qab zib. Interestingly, qhov ntau Frost-resistant cerapadus muaj, qhov ntau iab lawv berries.
Rov hla cerapadus nrog qaub cherries tau ua rau ntau yam nrov. Piv txwv li, ntau yam ntawm cerapadus Ntev-awaited thiab Novella muaj txiv hmab txiv ntoo nrog heev"Cherry" saj thiab loj, Pedinstitutskaya ntau yam yog txawv los ntawm loj tassels ntawm berries, thiab Rusinka muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb lub caij ntuj no hardiness thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo heev haum rau tshiab noj. Feem ntau, kev sau qoob loo ntawm cerapadus muaj lub hom phiaj kev kawm thiab siv rau cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Tus nqi ntawm cerapadus
Cov hybrid ntawm cherry thiab noog cherry muaj nuj nqis vim nws yeej muaj kev tiv thaiv siab rau Frost thiab muaj cov hauv paus hniav zoo heev. Lwm cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb - kev tiv thaiv ntawm cerapadus rau cov kab mob - tau nco qab nyob rau hauv 60s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, thaum coccomycosis poob rau cherry orchards - ib tug kab mob nyob rau hauv uas nplooj pib tig daj thiab poob tawm nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij ntuj sov, thiab cov ntoo lawv tus kheej. qaug zog thiab tsis ciaj sia nyob rau lub caij ntuj no. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cerapadus tau ntse siv raws li ib tug rootstock rau varietal cherry seedlings, ib txhij ua rau lawv Frost tsis kam.
Ceeb toom: cov cag ntoo yog cov nroj tsuag uas txiav nrog ntau yam kev txaus siab rau tus neeg saib xyuas yog grafted. Cov cag ntoo ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb heev: nws muab cov khoom noj kom tiav rau sab sauv ntawm cov nroj tsuag, piv txwv li scion.
Raws li kev saib xyuas, cerapadus yog unpretentious heev, lawv tuaj yeem loj hlob nyob txhua qhov chaw thiab hauv txhua qhov av, lawv tsis tas yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tshwj xeeb, suav nrog kev kho mob nrog fungicides. Kev saib xyuas los ntawm pruning, tsim ib lub hav txwv yeem los yog crown ntawm tsob ntoo, thiab weeding lub voj voog ze ntawm lub cev. Tsis tas yuav pub noj mov tsis tu ncua.
Cerapadus reproduce, raws li nws yuav tsum yog rau hybrids, tshwj xeebcuttings, txhawm rau zam kev sib cais cov yam ntxwv tau txais.
Hybrid noog cherry thiab cherry: muaj txiaj ntsig zoo
Cherry txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj cov nplua nuj nyob hauv cov vitamins A, C, E thiab pawg B, organic acids, micro thiab macro ntsiab. Nyob rau hauv pej xeem cov tshuaj, cherries yog siv raws li ib tug expectorant, antipyretic, antiviral thiab bactericidal tus neeg sawv cev, raws li zoo raws li rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob plawv. Cherry kua txiv txo cov ntshav txhaws thiab nce hemoglobin.
Noog cherry txiv hmab txiv ntoo vim muaj cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm tannins muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm kev kho tus neeg sawv cev, thaum normalizing plab hnyuv ua haujlwm thiab txhim kho cov kab mob ntawm lub plab. Noog cherry kuj tseem siv los ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Maaka noog cherry feem ntau yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv biologically active tshuaj.
Nws tsis tuaj yeem hais kom paub meej tias cerapadus tau txais txiaj ntsig tiag tiag ntawm ob qho tib si ntawm "niam txiv", tab sis nws paub tseeb tias decoction ntawm nws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj cov nyhuv antipyretic, thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo lawv tus kheej muaj. ib tug nplua nuj tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg.
Hybrid noog cherry thiab cherry: zaub mov hauv kev ua noj
Cerapadus txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog ib lub tsev khaws khoom ntawm cov vitamins, yog li txawm tias cov neeg ua noj tsis zoo tuaj yeem cia li khov cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo los siv rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo los yog txiv hmab txiv ntoo haus thaum lub caij ntuj no. Feem ntau, yog cov lus nug tshwm sim ntawm yuav ua li cas ua noj los ntawm ib tug hybrid ntawm noog cherry thiab cherry, nws yog txaus los txais yuav ib txwm daim ntawv qhia nyob rau hauv uas nws tshwm."niam txiv". Yog li, koj tuaj yeem ua noj jam, ua tinctures thiab liqueurs, los yog koj tuaj yeem siv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qaub no ua cov ncuav qab zib thiab pancakes.
