Cov nqi hluav taws xob hauv tsev tau nce mus tas li, thiab hauv qhov no, tib neeg pib xav txog qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev txuag hluav taws xob. Ntau tus neeg insulate lawv cov tsev thiab tsev. Rau qhov no, facade ua npuas ncauj yog siv, uas yog suav tias yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws rau cov dej num no. Cov khoom no tseem hu ua nthuav polystyrene. Cov thev naus laus zis rau nws cov khoom tsim tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1928, tab sis cov khoom no tau mus rau hauv cov khoom loj hauv xyoo 1937. Dab tsi ntxiv paub txog cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev zoo no?
keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim ua npuas ncauj yas
Hauv xyoo 1839, tus kws muag tshuaj German, thaum sim nrog styrax, tau txais styrene yuam kev. Tom qab ntawd, tom qab kawm txog cov khoom uas nws nrhiav pom, Eduard Simon pom tias cov khoom oily tom qab ib ntus compacted nws tus kheej, tig mus rau hauv ib yam dab tsi zoo li jelly. Tus kws muag tshuaj tsis pom muaj txiaj ntsig hauv nws qhov kev tshawb pom. Cov tshuaj tau hu ua styrene oxide, thiabtsis muaj leej twg ua nws.
Lawv rov qab mus rau qhov kev sau no hauv xyoo 1845. Chemists Blyth thiab Hoffman tau txaus siab rau styrene.
Yog li, cov kws tshaj lij hauv tebchaws Yelemes thiab Askiv tau ua ntau yam ntawm lawv tus kheej cov kev sim thiab kev tshawb fawb thiab hauv cov chav kawm no lawv pom tias styrene hloov mus ua jelly tsis muaj oxygen. Blyth thiab von Hoffmann hu ua metastyrol. Tom qab ntawd, tom qab 21 xyoo, cov txheej txheem compaction hu ua "polymerization".
Nyob rau xyoo 1920, German chemist Hermann Staudinger tau tshawb pom qhov tseem ceeb. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cua sov, styrene pib ib tug saw cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thaum lub sij hawm uas chains ntawm macromolecules yog tsim. Qhov kev tshawb pom no tau siv los ua ntau yam polymers thiab plastics.
Ua npuas ncauj hauv kev tsim khoom
Thawj txheej txheem styrene synthesis tau ua los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm Dow Chemical Company. Kev lag luam tsim khoom ntawm polystyrene tau pib los ntawm Basf. Nyob rau hauv lub 30s, engineers tsim thiab tsim ib tug technology rau kev tsim ntawm polymerized styrene. Xyoo 1949, tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj rau kev tsim cov khoom ua npuas ncauj nrog pentane. Tom qab ntawd, raws li qhov no, kev tsim cov khoom siv xws li facade nthuav dav polystyrene pib.
Yuav ua li cas?
Polystyrene hauv granules yog siv los ua raw khoom. Txhawm rau tsim cov hlwb, cov tshuaj reagents tshwj xeeb yog siv los ua npuas cov khoom siv.
Thaum thawj theem ntawm kev tsim khoom, cov granules tau nchuav rau hauv lub plhaw, qhov chaw ua ntej ua npuas dej. Cov granules coj daim ntawv ntawm lub pob. Kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zooCov khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob uas muaj qhov ntom ntom, qhov txheej txheem no rov ua dua ob peb zaug.
Txhua lub sijhawm cov pob loj thiab loj dua. Nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov theem ntawm foaming, cov pob tau muab tso rau hauv ib lub hopper tshwj xeeb, qhov twg lub siab nyob rau hauv cov granules stabilizes nyob rau hauv 12-24 teev thiab ziab tshwm sim.
Tom qab ntawd cov khoom lag luam tau muab tso rau hauv lub tshuab molding tshwj xeeb, qhov twg ib qho thaiv tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Cov granules, uas nyob rau hauv ib tug nqaim pwm, lo ua ke ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, khaws lawv cov duab tom qab txias.
Blocks uas muaj qhov loj me yog txiav rau qhov loj me. Txawm li cas los xij, ua ntej ntawd, cov khoom tau muab tso rau hauv nruab nrab cia. Thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov txheej txheem, lub façade ua npuas ncauj tau txais dej noo, thiab nws tsuas yuav tsis ua hauj lwm los txiav nws tusyees. Muaj ob lub tswv yim nrov rau kev tsim cov rwb thaiv tsev no. Qhov no yog suspension thiab loj polarization. Hauv CIS lub teb chaws, hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab Amelikas, ob qho tib si thawj thiab thib ob txoj kev siv tau zoo.
Styrofoam Classification
Hnub no, qhov rwb thaiv tsev no tau tsim los siv cov thev naus laus zis ntau dua, uas tau txhim kho cov khoom zoo ntawm cov khoom. Yog li, niaj hnub no lawv tsim foamed polystyrene. Cov txheej txheem foaming yog pib nrog hydrocarbon. Thaum rhuab, nws yuav volatile, thiab cov pob polystyrene swell thiab lo ua ke.
Lub ntsej muag polystyrene yog qhov txawv ntawm kev tsim tshuab thiab muab faib ua pawg. Qhov no yog lub rhaub uasua los ntawm sintering technology, thiab ib lub rooj tsavxwm tau los ntawm foaming lawv granules.
Kuj, cov khoom sib txawv ntawm kev kos.
- PS - extruded ua npuas ncauj.
- PSB - tsis yog xovxwm ncua.
- PSB-S - ncua kev kaw qhov tsis muaj tus kheej tua.
- Extruded polystyrene ua npuas ncauj - XPS.
Cov khoom lag luam PSB muaj cov qauv ntom ntom. Cov yam ntxwv no tau txiav txim siab txog kev siv nws. Cov vaj huam sib luag rau lub ntsej muag ntawm lub hom no tuaj yeem muaj qhov ceev txog li 50 kg / m 3.
Extruded ua npuas ncauj yog ib qho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv zoo tshaj plaws nyob ib puag ncig. Hauv kev tsim khoom, extrusion yog siv. XPS muaj peev xwm tiv taus ntau yam kev ntxhov siab, muaj cov qib siab ceev thiab muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo dej tsis zoo.
Feem ntau, pheej yig thiab nrov ntawm cov neeg siv khoom yog PSB ua npuas ncauj. Nws yog dav siv los ua cua sov. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias peb piv nws nrog cov khoom siv nias, ces PSB poob ntau lub zog.
Qhov txawv ntawm qhov tuab thiab qhov ntom ntom
Cov yam ntxwv txuag hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom siv no yog vim qhov qis ntawm thermal conductivity. Yog hais tias peb piv cov facade ua npuas ncauj yas nrog rau lwm yam rwb thaiv tsev muaj nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho kev lag luam, ces lub zog-txuag lub peev xwm ntawm lub foam yas yuav ntau dua. Yog li, piv txwv li, ib lub phaj nrog lub thickness ntawm tsuas yog 12 hli sib haum mus rau lub cib phab ntsa nrog lub thickness ntawm 2.1 m (los yog ntoo - 0.45 m).
Txoj kev ua npuas ncauj nrov
Yog li, PSB-S-15 muaj qhov ceev ntawm 10-11 kg / m 3, PSB-25 muaj qhov ceev ntawm 15-16 kg / m 3. Polyfoam PSB-25F facade hauv qhov ntom ntom - 16-17 kg / m 3. Qhov ceev ntawm PSB S35 yog 25-27 kg/m3, thiab PSB-S50 yog 35-37 kg/m3.
Txaus siab rau facade rwb thaiv tsev
Kev daws teeb meem tsim nyog yuav yog siv cov khoom siv PSB-35 nrog qhov ntom ntawm 25 kg / m 3. Koj tuaj yeem xaiv tus nqi siab dua. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub tshav kub-insulating zog yog tsis muaj zog. Yog tias koj siv PSB-S-25, cov khoom siv no yuav tsis muab kev nruj rau lub ntsej muag. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua tiav, muaj tag nrho cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau daim hlau.
Slabs ntawm hom PSB-15 kuj tuaj yeem ua lub rhaub thiab tib lub sijhawm yuav tsis siv cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov phab ntsa hauv tsev. Txawm li cas los xij, cov yas ua npuas dej no tau xyaum tsis siv rau lub façade - lub zog qis yog los liam.
Hom no feem ntau yog siv rau kev rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov tsev nyob ib sab ntawm lub tsev. Nws tuaj yeem yog phab ntsa ntawm ntau yam verandas lossis balconies. Tsis tas li, hom no tau siv dav hauv kev ua tiav ntawm cov ces kaum lossis qhov rais qhib.
Txaus siab rau styrofoam
Slabs feem ntau siv, qhov tuab ntawm 5 txog 7 cm. Qhov loj me no zoo tagnrho rau ntau lub tsev. Cov phaj nrog lub thickness ntawm 150 hli yog siv nyob qhov twg nws yog tsim nyog los intensively insulate phab ntsa. Piv txwv li, nws tuaj yeem yog phab ntsa ventilated hnyav.
Tsis txhob siv daim hlau tuab heev. Qhov no tuaj yeem tsim qee yam teeb meem, nrog rau cov nqi tsis tsim nyog. ATFeem ntau, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv cov vaj huam sib luag nrog qhov ceev ntawm 35 kg / m3 nrog lub thickness ntawm 15 cm dua PSB-S-25 nrog lub thickness ntawm 100 cm thiab ceev. ntawm 25 kg/m3.
Compatibility ntawm facades thiab ua npuas ncauj yas
Raws li cov khoom siv hauv tsev los ntawm lub tsev tsim, muaj cov cua sov tsim nyog lossis tsis tsim nyog rau lawv. Yog li, rau cov tsev ua los ntawm cov ntoo, nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv cov ntaub plaub tsiaj.
Tab sis rau cov vaj tse pob zeb lossis cib, ua npuas dej zoo dua. Extruded polystyrene ua npuas ncauj yuav tsum yog nplaim retardant kho ua ntej siv, raws li nws yog heev, heev combustible nyob rau hauv nws li niaj zaus daim ntawv.
Installation technologies
Hnub no muaj ntau lub tuam txhab uas tsim cov rwb thaiv tsev nws tus kheej thiab tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv muaj feem xyuam rau kev teeb tsa. Cov khoom lag luam Ceresit tau ua pov thawj lawv tus kheej zoo. Nws yog qhov zoo vim tias txhua txoj haujlwm yog ua los ntawm tes. Cov txheej txheem suav nrog ob peb kauj ruam.
Kev npaj
Tag nrho saum npoo ntawm phab ntsa yuav tsum tau npaj. Yog li ntawd, tag nrho cov khib nyiab, tej yam protruding ntsiab raug tshem tawm. Qhov saum npoo yog ntxuav ntawm txhua yam uas crumbles. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub sijhawm npaj muaj xws li kho cov seams ntawm cov cib.
Yog tias muaj cov kab nrib pleb hauv phab ntsa, lawv yuav tsum tau kho. Lub hauv paus yuav tsum tau impregnated nrog Aquastop. Txhawm rau kom muaj txiaj ntsig siab tshaj plaws, tag nrho cov haujlwm ua haujlwm tau kho nrog kev nkag mus tob tob.
Txhim kho cov hangers
Phab ntsa yuav tsum tiaj li ua tau. ATNyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, nws yuav ua tau kom ruaj khov thiab ruaj ntseg kho cov panels rau lub façade thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm tau txais ib tug nto npaj rau tej yam ntxiv ua. Tag nrho cov phab ntsa yog dai nrog cov hlua tshwj xeeb los qhia qhov tsis sib xws thiab tshem tawm tam sim ntawd.
Panel gluing
Hauv qhov no, Ceresit kua nplaum yog siv rau mounting daim hlau.
Tab sis lwm yam khoom siv tau. Cov kua nplaum no muaj ib qho tseem ceeb. Qhov loj yuav tsum tau siv tam sim tom qab kev npaj. Tom qab ib teev, cov kua nplaum yuav qhuav tawm thiab yuav siv tsis tau. Cov nplaum nplaum yog siv rau tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm daim ntawv los yog nyob rau hauv tsib qhov chaw, faib cov nplaum rau ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws.
Cov ntawv rau kev ua haujlwm tau xaiv zoo tshaj plaws nrog rau qhov chaw ntxhib. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug du txheej, nws (roughness) yog tiav manually. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm gluing, txhua daim ntawv yog leveled.
Knitting txheej txheem
Cov vaj huam sib luag hauv txhua kab yog staggered. Piv txwv li, txawm kab pib nrog lub vaj huam sib luag txiav hauv ib nrab. Yog tias cov nplooj ntawv tsis sib haum nrog ib leeg thiab qhov khoob tau tsim, ces cov npuas dej yog nchuav ntawm cov nplooj ntawv hauv cov kua dej. Tib lub sijhawm, polyurethane ua npuas ncauj yog nruj me ntsis txwv.
Mechanical los ua ke
Koj tsis tuaj yeem tso cov vaj huam sib luag rau cov kua nplaum. Cov khoom tuaj yeem raug cua tshuab los ntawm cov cua muaj zog. Nws tuaj yeem kim heev yog tias koj paub ntau npaum li cas facade ua npuas ncauj nqi. Tus nqi, nyob ntawm seb cov chaw tsim khoom thiab cov yam ntxwv, pib los ntawm 700 rubles ib pob thiab mus txog 6,000 rubles. Txhua daim ntawv txuas nrogsiv dowels. Tsib dowels yog siv rau txhua lub vaj huam sib luag. Tom qab ua tiav cov txheej txheem no, txhua tus dowels yuav tsum tau kho nrog kua nplaum.
Tom ntej, kev txhim kho yog ua, nrog rau plaster. Rau thawj zaug, fiberglass meshes yog siv. Lawv yuav xav tau ob hom - lawv siv ib qho nyuaj thiab mos mesh. Mos yuav mus rau fab, thiab tawv yog siv rau phab ntsa. Tom ntej no, koj tuaj yeem ua cov plaster hniav zoo nkauj lossis yuav facade ua npuas ncauj coated rau cov khoom sib txawv.
Cov tshuab no siv yuav luag txhua qhov chaw. Txoj kev rwb thaiv tsev no zoo heev thiab pab txo cov nqi hluav taws xob ntau.
