Lub peev txheej ntawm cov kua roj vanish yog qhov dav heev. Tshwj xeeb, kev lag luam tau paub txog kev tsim cov khoom siv pleev xim rau txheej ntau yam khoom:
- sab hauv thiab facades ntawm lub tsev;
- furniture;
- iav nto;
- khoom tawv tiag tiag;
- lwm qhov chaw.
Vim qhov tseeb tias cov kua roj vanish muaj cov resin yaj hauv cawv, lub sijhawm ziab kom tiav tsis pub ntau tshaj li ib nrab teev. Yog li ntawd, cawv varnishes hu ua, uas tau los ntawm dissolving ntuj resins hauv cawv. Cov kws tshaj lij tau sau tseg tias cov txheej txheem tau txais los ntawm lawv yog qhov txawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab thiab zoo nkauj:
- lub neej ua haujlwm ntev;
- tshuab lub zog;
- tiv taus tshav ntuj;
Rau lub hauv paus ntawm cawv tau txais: shellac, rosin thiab carbinol varnishes.
cawv raws li shellac kua roj vanish
Shellac- Qhov no yog ib hom tshuaj resinous ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas muaj nyob rau hauv tropical thiab subtropical aav. Tam sim no, nws tau siv dav hauv kev tsim cov kua roj vanish thiab yas. Vim nws cov khoom tshwj xeeb, shellac muaj peev xwm yaj tau zoo hauv cawv. Txhawm rau kom cov resin yaj sai sai thiab zoo dua li qhov ua tau, nws yuav tsum ua tib zoo hauv av kom tau txais cov hmoov nplej zoo. Tom ntej no, lub resulting hmoov yog tov nrog 92-95% ethyl cawv. Yuav kom yaj tag nrho cov resin, nws yog txaus kom sov lub sib tov rau 20 degrees, tsis tu ncua co lub resulting sib tov. Cov kua roj vanish uas tau txais nyob rau hauv txoj kev no yuav tsum tau lim kom zoo kom tsis txhob suav nrog cov khoom siv tsis raug thiab impurities. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, iav funnels nruab nrog zoo tib yam ntaub strainers yog siv raws li cov ntxaij lim dej. Qhov feem pua ntawm shellac hauv cov kev daws teeb meem li ntawm 30 txog 45 feem pua.
Shellac plig lacquer muab cov txheej txheem zoo nkauj uas tiv taus lub teeb, tab sis nws tsis tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias thiab raug dej.
Rosin kua roj vanish
Rosin yog siv los ua lub hauv paus rau cov kua roj vanish. Qhov no yog zaub cob tau los ntawm kev ua cov ntoo coniferous. Qhov sib xws ntawm rosin varnish yog:
- 110g rosin;
- 20 g turpentine;
- 20g turpentine;
- 80g 95% cawv.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas rosin ua hauj lwm tsis tsuas yog lub hauv paus rau cov kua roj vanish. Nws tau ua tiav siv los ua cov khoom siv hauv kev tsim cov mastic.
Rosin cawv kua roj vanish muaj tus nqi qis,tab sis nws cov txheej tsis ruaj khov.
YCarbinol Lacquer
Lub hauv paus ntawm cov kua roj vanish no yog carbinol resins tau los ntawm polymerization ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws - dimethylvinylethynylcarbinol. Los ntawm cov resins, tsis tau tsuas yog cov kua roj vanish, tab sis kuj yog ib tug nplaum siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho thiab kev lag luam. Ntawm qhov kub ntawm 20 degrees, cov kua roj vanish no dries rau saum npoo ntawm cov khoom tiav hauv ib teev thiab ib nrab. Nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg leeg, carbinol cawv kua roj vanish yog xim lossis tsis muaj xim.
Varnishes siv rau ntawm qhov chaw ntoo
Cov txheej txheem no yog pob tshab thiab muaj peev xwm muab qhov ci ntsa iab thiab hais txog qhov kev ntxhib los mos ntawm ntoo. Cawv varnishes rau ntoo yog siv dav hauv kev lag luam rooj tog. Txij li thaum lawv ua raws li ethyl cawv, lawv qhuav sai sai thiab tom qab ntawd ua kev tiv thaiv kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov chaw kho mob los ntawm kev raug tshav ntuj thiab cov xwm txheej tsis zoo.
Cov ntaub ntawv nyoos rau kev tsim cov kua roj vanish (sandarac, shellac, acaroids, thiab lwm yam) tau txais tsis yog hauv Russia nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj tuaj ntawm txawv teb chaws. Cov kua roj vanish zoo tshaj plaws yog ua los ntawm gummilac thiab shellac, uas tau siv dav siv los npog ntoo thiab iav nto. Tam sim no, technologists tau kawm los hloov cov resins nrog idiol, ib qho khoom siv phenolic resin. Txawm li cas los, xws li ib tug resin yog inferior nyob rau hauv zoo rau shellac cawv kua roj vanish, nws tsis yog li ntawd check thiab resistant rau lwm stimuli. NtauTsis tas li ntawd, phenolic resins darken thaum raug lub teeb.
cawv-raws li kua roj vanish rau ntoo nteg nyob rau hauv ib tug nyias txheej thiab tsim ib tug pob tshab zaj duab xis. Txhawm rau hais txog cov qauv ntawm lub teeb ntoo, tsuas yog siv cov xim pleev xim.
Kev sib xyaw ntawm cawv polishes
Raws li tus nqi ntawm cov resin muaj nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg, cawv varnishes tau muab faib ua pawg hauv qab no:
- Cov kua roj vanish tiag tiag (ntau dua 30% resin).
- Polishes (tsawg dua 30% resin).
Rau kev kho ntawm cov ntoo saum npoo, feem ntau yog siv cov kua roj vanish uas muaj huab cua, uas tsis yog siv los ntawm cov quav ciab. Qhov no yog qhov zoo dua, vim tias cov quav ciab zoo heev ntawm kev sib khi qhov hauv cov qauv ntawm cov ntoo.
Txhawm rau kom cov kua roj vanish zoo tsis zoo, thaum nplawm cov cawv sib xws, nws tsis tuaj yeem siv cov khoom uas muaj hlau. Thaum cuam tshuam nrog cov ntsiab lus no, cov tshuaj shellac tig dub. Ntxiv mus, pliaj deposits yog tsim nyob rau hauv nws, uas tsis yog muab los ntawm technology rau zus tau tej cov varnishes.
Lub sijhawm xav tau los ua polish yog 3 mus rau 5 teev. Nws yuav siv sij hawm ntev dua los ua cov kua roj vanish, los ntawm 7 mus rau 9 teev. Ntau tshaj ib hnub (los ntawm 24 mus rau 40 teev) yuav tsum tau ua kom tuab copal varnishes. Txhawm rau kom ceev cov txheej txheem sib tov, qhov sib tov yog rhuab, thaum kom ntseeg tau qhov sib tov ntawm cov tshuaj.
Proportions of Basic resin solutions
- Alcohol-soluble copal (60 kg ntawm copal thiab 75-90 kg ntawm cawv).
- Gummilak (40 thiab 65 kg raws li).
- Rosin (60kg x 60kg).
- Birch bark resin (35-40 kg ib 60-65 kg raws li).
- Sandarak (60 kg ib 100 kg).
- Shellac (45kg x 90kg).
- Iditol (30-40 kg rau 60-65 kg raws li).
Kom tau txais qhov xav tau sib xws, cov kev daws teeb meem tau muab sib xyaw kom zoo thiab ua kom sov me ntsis. Kev daws teeb meem ntawm sandarac thiab copal yog siv rau hauv lithographic varnishes thiab rau kev kho saum npoo ntawm cov twj paj nruag. Lithographic varnishes yuav tsum muab lub gloss rau cov ntaub ntawv ua tiav thiab tib lub sij hawm tsis tau absorbed rau hauv daim ntawv. Shellac varnishes npaj rau kev ua ntoo tsis tau lim. Lawv dhau los ntawm ib lub mesh ua los ntawm tooj liab. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev kho mob no, cov neeg kho tshuab tshem tawm impurities yog guaranteed.
